Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have treated 42 episodes of pediatric infections with sulbactam/ampicillin since 1987. Included were 9 cellulitis, 9 urinary tract infections, 5 cervical lymphadenitis, 4 meningitis, 2 thoracic empyema, 2 osteomyelitis, 2 sepsis, 1 furuncle, 1 perianal abscess, 1 dental abscess, 1 peritonsillitis, 1 salmonellosis, 1 shigellosis, 1 peritonitis, 1 suppurative thyroiditis, 1 infective endocarditis. Responsible pathogens were Escherichia coli in 8, Staphylococcus aureus in 6, Hemophilus influenzae in 2, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 3, Streptococcus viridans in 2, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 1, Bacteroides fragilis in 1, Salmonella D1 in 1, Shigella sonnei in 1, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1, Enterobacter agglomerans in 1, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in 1, Enterobacter cloacae in 1, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus in 1, and polymicrobial infection in 4 cases. Thirty-nine out of 41 (95%) clinically evaluable patients cured and all (34/34) bacteriologically evaluable patients eradicated their pathogens after treatment with sulbactam/ampicillin. Side reactions were seen in five patients; one maculopapular skin rash, one hemolytic anemia, two diarrhea, and one liver function impairment plus leukopenia. All these reactions were transient and did not require interruption of therapy. These results indicate that sulbactam/ampicillin is safe and effective in the treatment of common pediatric infections beyond the neonatal period.
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PMID:A clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of pediatric infections. 263 93

The in vitro effect of a purified endotoxin preparation from culture fluids of Shigella sonnei, phase I (purified free endotoxin, PFE) and of three endotoxin preparations chemically extracted from the intact parent cells on human blood mononuclear leucocytes and platelets was investigated. PFE, like cell-extracted preparations, caused generation of strong procoagulant activity (tissue factor) by human mononuclear cells. PFE-stimulated cells, however, developed significantly greater activity than cells stimulated by the other endotoxins. they had about 4-fold more activity. Neither free nor cell-extracted preparations induced aggregation in human citrated or heparinized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or unmasking of platelet factor 3 (PF3). These findings suggest that free endotoxin from Shigella sonnei, phase I resembles endotoxin extracted from cells by conventional procedures in their interaction with human platelets and mononuclear leucocytes. In view of the possible contribution of free endotoxin to endotoxemia in human and experimental gram-negative sepsis, our data that free endotoxin stimulates human mononuclear leucocytes to produce a potent trigger of blood coagulation (tissue factor) may be relevant to the understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for the initiation of intravascular coagulation in severe human infections.
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PMID:In vitro effect of endotoxin from Shigella sonnei. phase I on human blood platelets and mononuclear leucocytes: comparison of "free endotoxin" with cell-extracted preparations. 705 Jun 35

The epidemiological, clinical, and bacteriological aspects of shigellosis were studied in a population of hospitalized children in northern Israel. During the 6-year period 1987-92, 262 children were hospitalized due to shigella infection. Shigellosis represented 10% of pediatric admissions for diarrhea. Admissions for the disease peaked during the summer and autumn. The median age of the patients was 3 years. Shigella sonnei was isolated in 74% of patients and S. flexneri in 21%, compared with relative frequencies of 87% and 10%, respectively, in the non-hospitalized population of the area, detected during the same period (p < 0.001). Shigella sonnei represented 82% of isolates of hospitalized Jewish patients but only 60% of hospitalized Arab children, many of whom live in poverty and overcrowding (p < 0.001). Shigella flexneri was particularly frequent among hospitalized infants, and was associated with Arab origin, large families and residence in agricultural settlements. Duration of hospitalization was 4.7 +/- 2.3 days for S. sonnei infections and 5.8 +/- 3.6 days for S. flexneri (p < 0.005). No cases of shigella sepsis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, or fatalities were observed. Overall 37% of all shigella isolates from hospitalized children were resistant to ampicillin, 71% to cotrimoxazole, 28% to both and 13% were resistant to > or = 3 different drugs. It is concluded that shigellosis is an important cause of hospitalization in northern Israel. Resistance to antimicrobial drugs is widespread among all Shigella spp. Although S. sonnei is the most common species, S. flexneri is particularly frequent in infants.
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PMID:Epidemiological, clinical and microbiological features of shigellosis among hospitalized children in northern Israel. 766 77

Bacteremia during infection with Shigella is relatively rare and usually self-limited. Bacteremia during shigellosis bearing a high fatality rate has been reported in young infants and in persons with malnutrition or with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We report a case of Shigella sonnei septicemia in a severely neutropenic patient who had fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, malnutrition, and dehydration. She died after five days despite intensive care. We emphasize that Shigella should be considered among the possible pathogens causing sepsis in neutropenic patients.
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PMID:Fatal Shigella sepsis in a neutropenic patient. 796 32

Shigellemia is rare in developed countries and might result from the emergence of unusually virulent strains. We compared systemic invasiveness markers of isolates from the blood of 3 temporally clustered patients with Shigella sonnei bacteremia in Boston with those of 11 unrelated contemporaneous strains from stools of people in New England. We found no difference between the two groups in O-chain length by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mouse 50% lethal dose, in vivo response to iron, and susceptibility to serum, which varied from moderately susceptible to ultrasusceptible. Mean intraperitoneal 50% lethal doses of smooth form I colonies for mice were equally low (10(5.8) CFU) in both groups, and the 50% lethal doses were lowered equally further in the two groups by predosing with iron to levels useful in mouse model sepsis studies. S. sonnei bacteremia may reflect compromised host defenses, not bacterial virulence.
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PMID:Comparative virulence of blood and stool isolates of Shigella sonnei. 819 2

Genistein, a radioprotective soy isoflavone and protein kinase inhibitor, blocks the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in mammalian epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct effect of genistein on the survival and growth of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and selected opportunistic bacteria in vitro as a prelude to in vivo use for managing postirradiation sepsis. We evaluated the opportunistic bacterial enteropathogens Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, and Staphylococcus aureus as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae and the non-pathogenic organism, Bacillus anthracis (Sterne). The latter two bacteria are found in the environment and may be of concern in irradiated individuals. A standard in vitro test was employed to evaluate the direct effect of genistein on the bacteria. This test involved determining bacterial colony forming unit (CFU) counts at a single concentration of genistein. In the CFU assays, significant reductions in CFUs were found for S. aureus and B. anthracis when cultured in the presence of 100 muM genistein. However, L. reuteri, E. coli, S. sonnei, and K. pneumoniae were not altered by in vitro culturing in the presence of 100 muM genistein. These results demonstrate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of genistein. Furthermore, the use of genistein in combination with probiotics may augment the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapies currently used in the management of infections, including those induced by ionizing irradiation.
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PMID:Antibacterial activity of the soy isoflavone genistein. 1684 37

Translocation of normally non-pathogenic bacteria across the gut may drive inflammatory responses associated with sepsis and inflammatory bowel disease. Recent evidence suggests translocation may not be purely passive, but occurs via novel transcellular pathways activated in enterocytes by inflammatory and metabolic stress. The specificity of this pathway with respect to different E. coli strains and other bacterial species, and possible molecular determinants of the "translocating" phenotype have been investigated. Translocation of E. coli strains and other bacteria was studied across Caco-2 monolayers exposed to different forms of cellular stress. All bacteria, apart from the pathogen Shigella sonnei, exhibited low levels of translocation in untreated monolayers. However, following enterocyte stress, translocation of E. coli strains C25 and HBTEC-1 was markedly stimulated, accompanied by increased internalisation into enterocytes. C25 and HBTEC-1 were typed to ECOR group A and group D respectively. Pathoarray analysis showed both strains had profiles quite different to those predicted for typical ExPEC isolates, lacking many of the genes associated with pathogenicity, although they contained several ORFs in common with ExPEC isolates. These data suggest translocating E. coli strains associated with infections are not opportunistic ExPEC strains but may comprise a separate group of E. coli strains.
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PMID:Characterisation of Escherichia coli strains involved in transcytosis across gut epithelial cells exposed to metabolic and inflammatory stress. 1840 40