Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The parents and grandparents of 100 pediatric patients hospitalized at the Hospital of the Gondar college of Medical Sciences were interviewed by means of a questionnaire containing personal data, methods of traditional medicine, treatment of 30 widespread diseases and disorders of children, views about probable causes, the diagnosis of the "local healer", and the effectiveness of his treatment. Most of those interviewed came from the Gondar region, and they had an 82% illiteracy rate. 85 of the 100 children had been treated by traditional medicine: 9 experienced improvement, but the condition of 15 worsened as a result. 68% of respondents thought that traditional medicine was more cautious and conservative, 46% cited easy access to it, and 6% the low cost as the reasons for using it. 62% vowed never to use it, though after their hospital experience, still 36% claimed they would turn to the local healer again. Over 80% had uvulectomy done to treat upper respiratory diseases, and circumcision of boys is almost 100% (it is also frequent among girls). Spirits healers are distinguished from local healers: they are Christian Orthodox clergymen who exorcise demons and ghosts. Amulets, arm rings, hair style, eye makeup is supposed to protect from the evil eye. Certain practices are dangerous: application of parts of a plant causing deep necrosis, Embelia shimperi and Hagenia abyssinia used for deforming can be deadly, phlebotomy for meningitis can cause extreme anemia, the use of red-hot iron to treat infections can not only result in scarification but also sepsis. Malnutrition and kwashiorkor is often neglected, as is tuberculosis when the local healer acts. 34 of the 100 patients had TB, 7 of whom had spondylitis. The improvement of hygiene and programs to educate the populace should be implemented.
 ...
PMID:[Traditional medicine in Ethiopia in childhood diseases]. 279 27

The role of the Nae/Ke ratio (the ratio of exchangeable sodium to exchangeable potassium) was examined as a nutritional marker in surgical patients in relation to anthropometrical and biochemical indexes by its ability to identify patients at risk for mortality after hospitalization. In 73 patients with sepsis and malnutrition (Training Group, Madrid) the following were determined: percentage of recent weight loss, triceps skin fold, midarm muscle circumference, serum albumin, serum transferrin, delayed hypersensitivity skin test response, total lymphocytes, and Nae/Ke ratio by multiple isotope dilution. The predictive power of Nae/Ke ratio was so strong (F = 105.1; p less than 0.00001) that it displaced anthropometric, biochemical, and immunologic variables from the linear equation derived from stepwise discriminant analysis using hospital mortality as the dependent variable. A theoretical curve of expected deaths was developed, based on an equation obtained by logistic regression analysis: Pr/death/ = 1/(1 + e[11.8-5.2 Nae/Ke]). Pre- and post-test probabilities on that curve allowed us to determine two cut-off values, Nae/Ke ratios of 1.5 and 2.5, which were markers for nonrisk and mortality, respectively. The model was tested in a heterogeneous data base of surgical patients (n = 417) in another hospital (Validation Group, Montreal). For patients exhibiting an abnormal Nae/Ke ratio (greater than 1.2) and a greater than 10% of probability of death, 54 deaths were expected and 53 observed (X2 = 1.8 NS). Two tests confirmed the basic agreement between the model and its performance, a G statistic of -0.704 and the area beneath the "receiver-operating-characteristic" (ROC) curve (Az = 0.904 + 0.0516 for the Madrid group vs. Az = 0.915 + 0.0349 for the Montreal group, NS). It was concluded from this analysis that, compared with the usual anthropometric measurements, the Nae/Ke ratio, if available, is the best method for identifying malnourished patients at risk of dying.
 ...
PMID:Predicting mortality based on body composition analysis. 291 Feb 17

Malnutrition increases the morbidity and mortality associated with severe illness, injury, and sepsis. The neuroendocrine changes associated with trauma intensify the body's metabolic demands. The neuroendocrine response to trauma is discussed. Methods to determine calorie needs of head trauma patients are presented, along with a case study.
 ...
PMID:The metabolic needs of head trauma victims. 295 65

A review of both the healthy and altered immune response as it relates to the surgical patient is presented. An increasing number of immunosuppressive states have been defined in the surgical patient including trauma, burns, sepsis, malnutrition, cancer, and, more recently, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Investigations of the healthy and altered immune response have led to the development of immunopharmacology, which involves the study of pharmacologic agents that modify host immune response to achieve desired therapeutic goals. Endogenous and exogenous immunomodulators are described that affect uniquely the host immune response as well as their therapeutic implications.
 ...
PMID:Immunosuppression in the surgical patient. 304 8

Malnutrition has a tremendous impact on respiratory functions. It affects respiratory muscle performance, lung structure, defense mechanisms, and control of ventilation and predisposes to respiratory failure and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Calling clinicians' attention to this common clinical problem is the first step toward developing a systematic approach to patient care in which correction of malnutrition is an integral part of the therapy. The increased morbidity and mortality in malnourished patients can be better understood when they are superimposed on other disease conditions, such as chronic lung disease, sepsis, trauma, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Most important is the fact that many of the consequences of malnutrition can be partially reversible with appropriate refeeding.
 ...
PMID:Malnutrition and respiratory function. 308 50

Intravenous alimentation is routinely used in many hospitalized pediatric patients, however, there are few reports of the nature and frequency of metabolic complications. In order to assess the frequency and nature of metabolic complications all children receiving parenteral nutrition from January 1, 1982 to December 31, 1982 were prospectively enrolled in the study. Data collection began with the institution of parenteral nutrition. Serum electrolytes, minerals, liver function tests, and renal function tests were followed weekly. A total of 201 patients received parenteral nutrition for 5378 days. Nutrition was delivered to 146 patients (4980 patient days) via a central line and 55 patients via a peripheral line (398 patient days). The sepsis rate was 3.7% in central lines used only for parenteral and 4.8% in multipurpose central lines. In general, complications were fewer in the patients supported peripherally. In patients supported centrally, hypoalbuminemia was the most commonly found abnormality followed by hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia, reflecting a malnourished state. One-third of the patients had abnormal liver function tests, and in half of those factors causing liver dysfunction other than parenteral nutrition were present. Abnormal renal function tests occurred in 10% of the patients. Thus, a high incidence of metabolic complications occurred in association with parenteral nutrition. Most were present during the initiation of parenteral nutrition, suggesting an abnormal metabolic state was present prior to the institution of parenteral nutrition. The frequency of low serum albumin and minerals is consistent with previous publications of the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients.
 ...
PMID:Metabolic derangements in children requiring parenteral nutrition. 308 85

Major trauma often precipitates major malnutrition. In many patients, this malnutrition underlies the morbidity and mortality associated with major injury, often leading to multiple organ failure and refractory sepsis. The clinical challenge is to anticipate these potential nutritional problems and intervene early and appropriately, recognizing that it is far easier to prevent malnutrition than it is to reverse it.
 ...
PMID:The multiple trauma victim: a nutritional cripple. 309 58

The stimulated contraction-relaxation characteristics of the adductor pollicis muscle were used to assess nutritional state in patients and healthy controls. In both groups insufficient nutrition resulted in abnormal muscle function. The ratio of force of contraction at 10 Hz to that at 20 Hz yielded the best combination of sensitivity (87%) and specificity (82%). Sepsis resulted in abnormal muscle function, but the changes were easily distinguishable from those in subjects taking an inadequate diet. Long term administration of steroids, trauma, and surgery had no effect on muscle function. A prospective study of 11 malnourished patients with abnormal muscle function showed that all variables of muscle function returned to normal values with total parenteral nutrition. This reversal correlated significantly with the duration of parenteral nutrition and occurred before any change in anthropometric variables or plasma albumin concentration. Muscle function studies are sensitive and specific indicators of malnutrition; results depend on energy intake but are not influenced by administration of steroids, trauma, or surgery.
 ...
PMID:Effects of nutrient intake, surgery, sepsis, and long term administration of steroids on muscle function. 309 64

Malnutrition results in a wide variety of metabolic responses, depending on circumstances, from reactions to pure deprivation of nutrients to include the added stress of injury and sepsis. Important differences of response exist between adults and children. Weight loss with changes in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism are well documented. Disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance are newer areas of interest as are changes in requirements for micronutrients such as trace metals. Many of these metabolic changes are under hormonal control. The intestinal tract shares in the response to malnutrition, and the consequent changes in mucosal function determine the ability of the intestine to handle enteral feeds. Such a route for nutritional support is important in protecting intestinal function not only in absorption but also in hormone production. Enteral feeding is increasingly having an important role in the interactions between acute diarrhoeal disease and malnutrition.
 ...
PMID:Metabolic response to malnutrition: its relevance to enteral feeding. 309 49

Apple peel deformity of the small bowel is a variant of jejunal atresia with a high mortality. Forty five percent of these patients can be expected to die, most from anastomotic leaks with sepsis, or anastomotic failure with prolonged ileus and malnutrition. This report documents survival of three consecutive patients treated by an adaptation of the Santulli "chimney" anastomosis. This method accomplishes the goals of relief of intestinal obstruction, minimal resection, and preservation of tenuous intestinal blood vessels. All three patients had a benign postoperative course and made an uneventful recovery. Intestinal function is normal in each patient at 1 1/2 years. Based on this experience, it appears that a Santulli jejunojejunostomy combined with total parenteral nutrition offers the most promising operative strategy in the treatment of patients with apple peel bowel.
 ...
PMID:Apple peel jejunal atresia. 310 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>