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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute bacterial meningitis and sepsis are the most severe among invasive diseases due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly in pediatric age, and present a high risk of mortality and neurologic sequelae. S. pneumoniae is a major worldwide pathogen in children. The widespread emergence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci, a new pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and the epidemiological prevalence of some serotypes, have recently focused attention on S. pneumoniae disease. We reviewed the data on incidence, epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy in children hospitalized with acute bacterial meningitis in the Division of Infectious Diseases of the Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, between 1985- 2003. S. pneumoniae was isolated in 16.3% of the children, progressively emerging as the prevalent pathogen. The highest incidence was found in children younger than 2 yrs. The disease still presents a high rate of long-term sequelae, especially hearing loss and neurological handicap. Penicillin and ampicillin resistant isolates were found in 2.3% of positive cultures; no strain was resistant to cephalosporins and vancomycin. Our data support the recommendations to consider administration of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children older than 2 months of age, with special consideration for selected groups. We recommend monitoring all invasive pneumococcal infections in children, the emergence of antibiotic-resistance and changes in prevalence of pathogen serotypes.
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PMID:[Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis in children. Case records 1985 - 2003]. 1572 15

Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis colonized 20-40% of newborns and are more frequent in premature. They are responsible for localized infections such as pleural effusion, pneumopathy, adenopathy, abscess or systemic sepsis. An important hyperleukocytosis is often associated with pulmonary infections. Their responsibility, as pathogen agents, is questionable in some non bacterial meningitis. There is large controversy for their role as cofactor, in chronic lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia) and periventricular leukomalacia, because of a too low number of newborns in prospective trials. Genital mycoplamas are resistant to beta lactamines. Macrolides have a good sensitivity, particularly josamycine, but Mycoplasma hominis is resistant to erythromycin. For systemic sepsis, fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacine have less deleterious effects than IV erythromycin.
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PMID:[Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infections in newborns: personal data and review of the literature]. 1589 30

Gram-negative sepsis, bacterial meningitis and endotoxin shock are life-threatening disorders, associated with the rapid release of neutrophil enzymes. Neutrophil collagenase/matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are contained in granules, are quickly exocytosed upon granulocyte activation and efficiently cleave intact and denatured collagens, respectively. Genetic ablation of gelatinase B protects against endotoxin-induced mortality. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a peptidomimetic gelatinase B inhibitor Regasepin1, and compared the selectivity for the collagenases MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13. Regasepin1 was found to inhibit, almost to the same degree, the neutrophil enzymes MMP-8 and MMP-9 and the monocytic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM-17) in vitro. With the use of mass spectrometry analysis, the plasma half-life of inhibitor levels was determined after an intraperitoneal bolus injection in mice. Plasma peak levels of the inhibitor were reached at 50 min after intraperitoneal injection and the subsequent half-life in the circulation exceeded 40 min. Regasepin1 protected mice against lethal endotoxinemia by intraperitoneal and intravenous injection routes. This proves the principle that early neutrophil MMP inhibition followed by TACE blockade may become a treatment strategy of gram-negative sepsis, endotoxinemia and other life-threatening inflammatory reactions.
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PMID:Targeting neutrophil collagenase/matrix metalloproteinase-8 and gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 with a peptidomimetic inhibitor protects against endotoxin shock. 1599 79

Three adult horses were evaluated for signs of musculoskeletal pain, dullness, ataxia, and seizures. A diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was made on the basis of results of CSF analysis. Because primary bacterial meningitis is so rare in adult horses without any history of generalized sepsis or trauma, immune function testing was pursued. Flow cytometric phenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed, and proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and lipopolysaccharide was determined. Serum IgA, IgM, and IgG concentrations were measured by means of radial immunodiffusion, and serum concentrations of IgG isotypes were assessed with a capture antibody ELISA. Serum tetanus antibody concentrations were measured before and 1 month after tetanus toxoid administration. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity of isolated peripheral blood phagocytes were evaluated by means of simultaneous flow cytometric analysis. Persistent B-cell lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and abnormal in vitro responses to mitogens were detected in all 3 horses, and a diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency was made.
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PMID:Common variable immunodeficiency in three horses with presumptive bacterial meningitis. 1601 46

154 patients, who were hospitalized in M. Iashvili Children's central hospital in 1998-2005 were investigated. In 70 cases the diagnosis was neonatal bacterial meningitis, in 62 cases -- bacterial sepsis and neonatal meningitis and 22 cases patients were in control group with the diagnosis of neonatal bacterial sepsis. From base investigation group -132 patients were divided in two group, in which patients were united by the starting point of disease from the birth: first group included newborns with signs of disease on earlier stage (sings of the disease showed up during 24-72 hours from the birth); second group included newborns with later signs of disease (after 72 hours from the birth). Our conclusion is- outcome of bacterial meningitis depends on the starting point of disease. Meningitis which began earlier than 72 hours of life, characterized by severe prognosis. Mother's chronic infection diseases and brain injury of newborn are predictors of severe complications of neonatal bacterial meningitis. Such complications of bacterial meningitis as are: brain abscess, ventriculitis, neonatal seizures, coma and neutropenia, become predictors of severe latest outcome.
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PMID:[Early predictors of neurodevelopmental outcome of neonatal bacterial meningitis]. 1644 39

Disorder of the cognitive function and psychomotor retardation in the preschool and early preschool children is a result of neonatal bacterial meningitis in most cases. We have investigated 142 patients after neonatal bacterial meningitis and bacterial sepsis. We followed these children during 7 years (1998-2005). The whole contingency was divided into three groups: I group - bacterial meningitis (64 cases), II group - bacterial meningitis and sepsis (56 cases) and III (control) group - 22 patients with bacterial sepsis of different degrees. With the purpose of estimation of the psychomotor development, we have applied: Bayley screening test of infant developmental test (0 -2 y); Denver developmental screening test, and Denver-2 (0-6 y); Raven progressive matrices (5-11 y); Wechsler Intelligence scale for children (6-15 y). We have determined that the results of neonatal bacterial meningitis are predictors of severe long-term outcome of the disease. Analysis of the obtained data enables us to conclude that outcome of neonatal bacterial meningitis and sepsis in combination with bacterial meningitis is more severe than of bacterial sepsis.
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PMID:[Assessment of psychomotor development in preschool and early preschool children, as a long term outcome of neonatal bacterial meningitis]. 1678 76

Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is a rare pathogen in cases of bacterial meningitis in adults and adolescents. We report on the case history of a 17-year-old boy with thalassemia major and meningitis and sepsis caused by C. meningosepticum in splenectomized. The patient received vancomycin therapy for 21 days and was discharged in a state of complete recovery.
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PMID:Community-acquired meningitis and sepsis caused by Chryseobacterium meningosepticum in a patient diagnosed with thalassemia major. 1689 37

Activin A levels are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with meningitis and in the sera of patients with sepsis. The source(s) of the elevated concentrations of activin A in CSF and serum have not yet been discovered. Here we demonstrate that primary mouse microglial cells and peritoneal macrophages release activin A after treatment with agonists of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 4, and 9. These findings provide further evidence for a role of activin in the innate immune response and suggest that microglial cells and macrophages are a source of elevated activin A concentrations observed in the CSF during bacterial meningitis and in the systemic circulation during sepsis.
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PMID:Microglial cells and peritoneal macrophages release activin A upon stimulation with Toll-like receptor agonists. 1719 40

The bacillus Listeria monocytogenes is widely distributed in the environment. Listeria monocytogenes most often causes infection in the neonates, pregnant women, elderly and immunosuppressed persons. We report on a case of fatal sepsis and meningitis in a 59-year-old woman receiving cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoid therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis over a 10-year period. Listeriosis should be suspected in case of sepsis and/or meningitis in patients who receive immunosuppressive agents. Since meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes is not distinguishable clinically from other types of bacterial meningitis, antibiotics against Listeria monocytogenes should be included in the initial empirical therapy of bacterial meningitis in immunosuppressed patients, antibiotics against Listeria monocytogenes should be included.
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PMID:[A fatal case of Listeria monocytogenes sepsis and meningitis in a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis]. 1721 9

Alterations of blood flow contribute to major clinical complications in invasive infections such as sepsis and bacterial meningitis. As a unique feature streptococci -- in particular, Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most frequent pathogen in bacterial meningitis -- release hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) because of the absence of functional catalase. In a 6 h rat model of experimental meningitis, we studied the impact of bacterial H(2)O(2) production on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and intracranial pressure (ICP). Compared to wild-type D39 pneumococci, the increase of rCBF was diminished in meningitis induced by the H(2)O(2) defective SpxB(-) mutant (maximum increase, 135% +/- 17% versus 217% +/- 23% of the individual baseline; P<0.01) or after treatment of D39-induced meningitis with H(2)O(2)-degrading catalase or with tetraethylammonium (TEA), a blocker of calcium-sensitive potassium channels, which mediate H(2)O(2)-induced vasodilation. Catalase did not significantly reduce the remaining rCBF increase caused by SpxB(-), supporting the predominant role of bacterial H(2)O(2). We conclude that in addition to host-sided mediators, bacterial-derived H(2)O(2) acts as a potent vasodilator, which accounts for a certain proportion of the early cerebral hyperperfusion in pneumococcal meningitis.
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PMID:Bacterial hydrogen peroxide contributes to cerebral hyperemia during early stages of experimental pneumococcal meningitis. 1731 Oct 75


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