Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was administered to the newborn and its clinical effectiveness as well as its blood and cerebrospinal fluid levels were studied. 1. Average blood levels of CTRX 1 hour after single intravenous administration were 39 micrograms/ml in 2 cases receiving about 10 mg/kg, 70 micrograms/ml in 2 other cases receiving 20 mg/kg and 208 micrograms/ml in one receiving 52.6 mg/kg. As is apparent from these cases data, blood levels of CTRX were dose dependent. Blood levels of the drug were between 3.7 to 12.4 micrograms/ml 24 hours later. Half-lives of the drug in blood in the 5 newborns ranged from 7.13 to 10.6 hours. In a 53-day-old patient receiving 43.4 mg/kg of CTRX via intravenous injection, the one-hour blood level of the drug was 140 micrograms/ml and the half-life was 3.68 hours. The blood level of the drug 36 hours after single intravenous administration with 17.3 to 20.0 micrograms/ml to 5 other cases 0 to 5 days of age ranged from 4.6 to 13.7 micrograms/ml. 2. The cerebrospinal fluid level of CTRX 4 hours after intravenous administration with 49.6 mg/kg to cases of Escherichia coli meningitis was 9.7 micrograms/ml on the first day following the start of the treatment. It increased to 23.6, 25.2 and 31.0 micrograms/ml on the third, fourth and fifth days, respectively, and then gradually decreased. Cerebrospinal level was still 5.8 micrograms/ml on the 22nd day during the recovery period. These levels were far more than 1,000 times as much as the MIC for the pathogen at the highest level, and more than 100 times even at the lowest level. 3. CTRX was administered via intravenous injection once or twice a day (11.0-39.5 mg/kg in total) to 13 newborns and 3 infants. The efficacy of CTRX was good to excellent in 10 cases for treatment of 11 diseases (sepsis 1, pneumonia 4, urinary tract infection 4 and fetal infection 2) and all the pathogens (Streptococcus agalactiae 1, E. coli 3, Klebsiella pneumoniae 2, Citrobacter diversus 1) disappeared. In 6 cases where CTRX was used prophylactically, infection did not occur at all. The efficacy was excellent in another newborn with E. coli meningitis intravenously receiving 49.6 mg/kg of CTRX twice daily for 25 days. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Mild eosinophilia was observed in 4 cases. Follow-up examinations of 3 of the 4 cases showed that these abnormal levels were returned to normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in the treatment of neonatal infections]. 328 24

Antibiotic prophylaxis in elective colonic surgery is of established value and most authors have proposed an association of at least two drugs. We have compared the efficacy of classical prophylaxis (clindamycin and gentamicin, C + G) with that of the single drug cefoxitin (Ce). 101 consecutive patients were covered; 22 had to be excluded and 7 withdrawn after randomization; 72 cases were left for final analysis (C + G 35; Ce 37). Five C + G (14.2%) and 4 Ce cases (10.8%) developed septic complications, possibly caused by opening of the colon (wound infection, anastomotic failure, colocutaneous fistula): this difference is not statistically significant. Episodes of sepsis, urinary tract infection and pneumonia were similar in both groups. Although the number of patients included is relatively small, we conclude that prophylaxis with Ce alone appears to be as effective as double drug prophylaxis with C + G.
 ...
PMID:[Preventive preoperative antibiotic therapy in elective colon surgery. A controlled prospective randomized study]. 329 63

Haemolysin production (HLY), mannose resistant haemagglutinating activity (MRA), presence of antigens K1 and K5 and colicinogenicity (Col) were compared with LD50 for mice in 663 Escherichia coli strains, including 281 faecal, 129 urinary and 253 other extraintestinal isolates. Those isolates that LD50 value fell into less than or equal to 10(6) LD50 category were arbitrarily termed highly virulent (HV) and those which belonged to greater than or equal to 10(7) LD50 category were considered avirulent (AV). HV isolates occurred significantly more frequently (58%) among strains from different extraintestinal samples than from faeces (14%) or urine (16%). The incidence of HV strains was significantly higher in patients with sepsis (43%) or meningitis (100%) than in patients with enteritis (20%), urinary tract infections (UTI, 16%) or in healthy subjects (28%). The incidence of HV strains in the most frequent (O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, O18, O75) serogroups was significantly higher (60%) than in others (10%). Strains with different virulence markers (HLY, MRA, K1, K5, Col) belonged significantly more frequently to the HV group than those which failed to have these markers (44 vs 27%, 51 vs 25%, 83 vs 17%, 78 vs 27%, 52 vs 16%, respectively). Important role of antigen K1 playing in pathomechanism of meningitis was confirmed by data of analysis according to which significant difference was revealed in the incidence of HV strains between groups of isolates with MRA+K1+ (71%) and MRA+K1- (44%, p less than 0.02), or between groups of isolates with MRA+K1- and MRA-K1+ (91%, p less than 0.001). Moreover there were significant differences in the incidences of HV strains in K1+Col- (73%) and K1-Col+ (29%, p less than 0.001), and in K1+Col+ (86%) and K1-Col+ (29%, p less than 0.001) groups. Further evidence was given by those data that there were no significant differences between groups of HV strains with MRA+K1+ and MRA-K1+ (p greater than 0.05) or with K1+Col+ and K1+Col- (p greater than 0.1) properties. Isolates that possessed simultaneously two of MRA, HLY, Col markers were more pathogenic in LD50 assay than those that had one or the other of these markers alone. Strains in serogroup O18 killed mice significantly more frequently than those of other serogroups independently of having any virulence factor, suggesting that bacteria in serogroups O18 must have some special virulence other than K1, Col, MRA or K5. MRA+HLY+ HV strains occurred frequently in extraintestinal diseases (42%) supporting the preconception that these properties play an important role also in the pathomechanism of extraintestinal infections other than UTI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Virulence factors of Escherichia coli. IV. Association in Escherichia coli of LD50 with haemolysin production, haemagglutinating capacity, antigens K1, K5 colicinogenicity and pathogenicity. 330 77

This article describes the infectious complications that occurred among four of the longest-term recipients of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart. Infection arising from the drive lines, with spread to the mediastinal periprosthetic space, was the major limiting factor in long-term use of the device in these patients. Periprosthetic infections were due to coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other Pseudomonas species. Other infectious complications incurred by some of the patients included pneumonia, empyema, urinary tract infection, and intravascular line sepsis with Candida. Intensive antimicrobial therapy for prolonged periods seemed to suppress but not to eradicate infection and was accompanied by the appearance of multiresistant bacterial strains. Complications of antimicrobial therapy included diarrhea secondary to overgrowth with Clostridium difficile in two patients. Use of the current device for more than 30 days should be considered extraordinary and should be reserved for patients for whom no other form of life support is available.
 ...
PMID:Infectious complications in four long-term recipients of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart. 333 99

Plasma fibronectin levels and complete blood cell counts were assessed prospectively among 100 infants less than 3 months of age with the provisional diagnosis of "possible sepsis". Seven of the ten infants with culture-proved bacteremia, meningitis, or urinary tract infection had low plasma fibronectin levels as did 12 (13%) of 90 infants with superficial or no documented bacterial infection. The positive predictive value of a low plasma fibronectin level in conjunction with leukocytosis and elevated band ratio for discriminating serious bacterial infection was 71%. Normal white blood cell counts or fibronectin level alone or in combination predicted the absence of serious bacterial infection with an accuracy of at least 94%. Plasma fibronectin determination provides a useful adjunct to the complete blood cell count for the rapid evaluation of extent of illness in young infants with possible sepsis.
 ...
PMID:Role of fibronectin in diagnosing bacterial infection in infancy. 339 79

Previous studies have demonstrated that short course perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis reduces septic morbidity after hysterectomy from up to 40% down to 10 to 15%. The residual morbidity is predominantly urinary tract infection (UTI) occurring 2 to 3 days after cessation of antibiotic. We hypothesised that surgery impairs urinary drainage for 3 to 4 days postoperatively and that prolonged prophylaxis was required to prevent all postoperative sepsis. Accordingly, 224 abdominal and 69 vaginal hysterectomy patients were randomly allocated to short course (2g cefotaxime IV at anaesthesia) or long course (2g cefotaxime at anaesthesia plus 7 doses of 1g 12-hourly) prophylaxis. UTI was effectively prevented by the long course (0.9 vs 18.4% short); both treatments effectively prevented wound and pelvic sepsis. We conclude that 4 days of postoperative antibiotic is required to prevent UTI.
 ...
PMID:Optimal duration of cefotaxime prophylaxis in abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy. 339 85

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new parenteral oxacephem antibiotic was investigated for its clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Twenty-eight patients were treated with 39-152 mg/kg per day of FMOX by intravenous administration. Diagnosis of patients were pneumonia in 15 patients, acute upper respiratory tract infection in 5, acute enterocolitis in 3, urinary tract infection in 2 and cholangitis, suppurative lymphadenitis and suspicious sepsis in 1 patient each. Clinical effect was excellent in 7 cases, good in 8, fair in 5, poor in 2 and 6 cases were excluded because therapy periods were too short and other antibiotics were used together. Efficacy rate was 68% and the rate of bacterial disappearance was 83%. 2. Rash was found in 5 cases and thrombocytosis was found in 1 out of 28 cases. However, no severe adverse reaction was encountered. 3. The peak serum level of FMOX was 51.0 micrograms/ml after 20 mg/kg of drip infusion for 30 minutes and the half-life was 17.2 minutes in alpha-phase and 58.2 minutes in beta-phase.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetics evaluation of flomoxef in pediatrics]. 343 Jul 19

A prospective study was conducted on 344 children aged from 3 months to 16 years with acute appendicitis. Most children presented with typical features of acute appendicitis (70%) or peritonitis (28%). Atypical presentation was uncommon and occurred only in seven young children, masquerading as intestinal obstruction, gastroenteritis or urinary tract infection. Prolonged delay in surgery was associated with a rise in incidence of late appendicitis (gangrenous and perforated appendicitis). This rise was especially marked 37 h after onset of symptoms. The main causes of delay were inability of the parents and primary care medical practitioners to recognize the disease early. Surgeons contributed very little to the delay. High risk factors for postappendectomy sepsis were young children under 6 years old, late appendicitis, obese patients, inferior systemic antibiotic regimes and inexperienced surgeons. Young children had high postoperative sepsis mainly because of the high incidence of late appendicitis due to their inability to express their symptoms properly. They were not especially prone to postappendectomy sepsis; they had the same degree of appendicitis compared with older children. Measures to decrease the postappendectomy morbidity are suggested.
 ...
PMID:Acute appendicitis in children. 343 36

Seven neonates and young infants were treated with cefotiam (CTM) in doses ranging from 8-25.6 mg/kg every 6 to 24 hours for 1 to 14 days, and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Among 5 infants with bacterial infections including bacteremia, perianal abscess, pneumonia, urinary tract infection and probable sepsis and meningitis, clinical responses were excellent in 1 and good in 4 patients. In the 7 patients, no side effect attributable to CTM was observed. Serum concentrations of CTM were measured in 5 patients administered with 10 to 20 mg/kg of CTM by bolus intravenous injection. Peak serum concentrations of 21.9 to 38.0 micrograms/ml were noted in samples taken at 15 minutes after injection. Serum half-lives of the drug were 2.35 hours in 2 day-old neonate, 0.72 to 0.85 hours in 3 infants of 25 to 37 days, and 8.46 hours in an 18 day-old neonate with renal insufficiency.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefotiam in neonates and young infants]. 346 82

A multicentre, non-comparative study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin given iv to 53 seriously ill patients with severe bacterial infections, including 16 episodes of UTI, 12 pleuropulmonary, eight intra-abdominal, seven osteoarticular, and two soft tissue infections, three episodes of catheter related sepsis, two primary bacteraemias, one case of endocarditis, one of endophthalmitis, and one of disseminated gonococcal infection. Twenty-five patients were bacteraemic. The overall rate of clinical response was 94% of treated episodes; three cases failed to respond. Adverse reactions were mild and comparable with those reported with other beta-lactams. No patient had clinical superinfection; colonization occurred in seven patients. Imipenem is effective and safe as a single drug therapy for a wide range of infections in seriously ill patients.
 ...
PMID:Imipenem in the treatment of severe bacterial infections in seriously ill patients. 346 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>