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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lemierre's syndrome (LS) typically occurs in previously healthy young adolescents and young adults who become acutely ill following an attack of pharyngotonsillitis. Also known as post anginal sepsis, those afflicted develop pyrexia, rigours and multiple metastatic abscesses that lead to septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. In the pre-antibiotic era this particularly virulent syndrome had a mortality rate in excess of 90%, but since the introduction of antibiotics and the widespread treatment of throat infections, it has became almost unknown. However, due to a number of factors, including a reduction in the use of antibiotics for the treatment of sore throats, misdiagnosis and/or improvements in microbiology diagnostic techniques, several reports have indicated a resurgence of the condition. This has major ramifications for critical care nurses as LS is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This paper discusses the aetiology, pathophysiology, bacteriology, diagnosis and management aspects of this syndrome. A case study of a young woman is presented to illustrate the complexity of the condition, and highlight how early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate intravenous antibiotic therapy ensured a favourable clinical outcome.
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PMID:Critical care nurses be aware: Lemierre's syndrome is on the rise. 1469 57

Catheter-related infections (CRI) are a leading cause of morbidity and sometimes a cause of death in cancer patients. For preventive strategies, intra- and extra-luminal colonization pathways should be taken into account. A definite diagnosis of CRI requires usually the removal of the catheter for culture of the catheter-tip. However, only about 20% of the catheters removed for suspicion of CRI actually prove infected. The diagnosis of CRI is likely when a bloodstream infection due to coagulase negative staphylococcus, S. aureus or Candida spp occurs, without other infectious focus. Among the catheter-tip culture techniques, quantitative methods offer the better sensitivity-specificity/complexity-cost compromise, and should be preferred to semi-quantitative ones. When a venous access port is removed because of suspected CRI, the catheter tip and the port itself should be both cultured. Immediate removal of the catheter and urgent antibiotic treatment are mandatory when severe local infection (such as tunnelitis or cellulitis) or severe sepsis occurs. Usually, a CRI due to S. aureus, Pseudomonas spp or Candida spp requires also the removal of the catheter. Diagnostic techniques without catheter removal may be only proposed when local or systemic severity signs are lacking. Recently, the measurement of the differential time to positivity between paired blood cultures drawn simultaneously on the catheter and on a peripheral vein has been proposed. Finally, the direct examination of blood drawn from the catheter using acridine-orange leucocyte cytospin test seems to be a promising and rapid method for the diagnosis of CRI. When a CRI is diagnosed, a treatment without catheter removal may be proposed when local or systemic severity signs are lacking mainly if coagulase negative staphylococci are involved; in such case, both systemic antibiotic therapy and lock-therapy should be associated. In case of clinical failure of this strategy after 48-72 hours, the catheter should be removed. If the sepsis persist, a residual infectious focus (thrombophlebitis, endocarditis, secondary localisation) should be investigated.
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PMID:[Infections of intravascular perfusion sets]. 1500 68

Intravenous catheters are used for the administration of medications and fluids and are an integral part of veterinary practice. The aim of catheter use is to optimise administration of medication and minimise complications such as thrombus formation, thrombophlebitis and sepsis. Catheters made from teflon are less flexible, less durable and stimulate more tissue reaction than polyurethane or silicon. However silicon catheters are more expensive and complicated to insert. Generally, for veterinary practice, the biostability and cost of polyurethane catheters make them preferable for short and long-term use. The smallest diameter catheter should be selected to minimise internal vessel wall contact and irritation without compromising medication delivery. The site of insertion varies with individual preference, vessel access and patient compliance. The jugular, cephalic, saphenous, ear, lateral thoracic and subcutaneous abdominal veins are accessible. Hair removal and a thorough aseptic skin preparation should be performed prior to catheter insertion. Daily maintenance is required to detect complications and maximise catheter longevity. Potential complications include thrombus formation, thromboembolism, bacterial colonisation and septicaemia, blood loss and air embolism. Permanent or transient skin dwelling bacteria are commonly isolated if sepsis occurs. The development of novel antiseptic and antibiotic impregnated catheters may reduce the complications associated with catheter infection in the future.
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PMID:Catheters: a review of the selection, utilisation and complications of catheters for peripheral venous access. 1508 Apr 25

Postanginal sepsis, also called Lemierre's syndrome, is a rare but acute medical condition complicating oropharyngeal infection. The pathogenesis consists of the development of internal jugular vein septic thrombophlebitis leading to metastatic infections in the lung and other sites. The causative microorganism is most often Fusobacterium necrophorum. We present three patients with Lemierre's syndrome who presented to the Leiden University Medical Center and give a review of the literature.
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PMID:Lemierre's syndrome: three cases and a review. 1559 53

Lemierre syndrome (also called post-anginal sepsis or necrobacillosis) is an uncommon complication of oropharyngeal infections for which early recognition and aggressive therapy is mandatory, since it is potentially life-threatening. Due to it's rarity, with a prevalence of 0.8 cases per million in the general population, many physicians are unfamiliar with this disorder. This is attested by the fact that diagnosis most often relies on bacteriological grounds. We report the case of a patient whose diagnosis of thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein was made by the emergency physicians based upon clinical presentation, allowing for prompt initiation of adequate antibiotherapy. The aim of this report is to enhance general practitioner's and emergency physicians' awareness of this uncommon disorder, which should always be suspected in case of sepsis following an oropharyngeal infection.
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PMID:[Lemierre syndrome: a diagnosis to keep in mind]. 1563 Nov 68

Lemierre's syndrome (LS) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of an anaerobic oropharyngeal infection, affecting young adults and adolescents. The disease is characterised by a septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and "metastatic" infections, which can be followed by fulminant sepsis and rapid death. More recently, it has been reported a recrudescence of this condition, which could be attributable to alterations in antibiotic usage patterns. The authors report the case of a LS secondary to a bout of intense cough, a cause not yet described in the literature, highlighting the importance of a quick diagnosis and the institution of an appropriate therapy.
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PMID:[Lemierre's syndrome]. 1573 75

An unusual case of tonsillitis which showed progression to this rare syndrome despite treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Lemierre's syndrome is a rare condition characterised by a triad of: sepsis, thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein along with pleuropulmonary and/or distant metastatic abscesses. Diagnosis rests on a high index of suspicion and is confirmed by culture of Fusobacterium spp. from blood or infected sites. Radiological investigations are established aids for confirmation of diagnosis. Treatment is with appropriate antibiotics for at least 6 weeks and surgical drainage of abscesses if required. This case has been presented to highlight the mode of presentation, diagnostic tools employed and the management of the complications that featured in this condition.
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PMID:Lemierre's syndrome: the link between a simple sore throat, sore neck and pleuritic chest pain. 1605 93

The Lemierre syndrome or 'necrobacillosis' is a post angina sepsis caused by an acute oropharyngeal infection with a secondary thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. There are often septic emboli in the lungs, although intestinal organs can also be affected. This syndrome is caused by the strictly anaerobic gram-negative pathogen Fusobacterium necrophorum, sometimes in combination with other pathogens. The patient typically presents with high fever, pain in the neck, malaise and dyspnoea one week after the start of an angina. Plain chest radiograph shows bilateral nodular infiltrates, ultrasound reveals a thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. CT scan can be useful to confirm the diagnosis and possible complications. In the beginning there is often a transient hyperbilirubinemia with toxic inflammatory blood results. Under the correct antibiotic regime complete recovery can be obtained.
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PMID:[The Lemierre syndrome: a complicated oropharyngeal infection]. 1627 97

Lemierre syndrome is septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein caused typically by an oropharyngeal infection. We report a case of Lemierre syndrome complicating a subcutaneous neck abscess. Lemierre syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of septic emboli and sepsis, especially in a patient with tenderness along the sternomastoid muscle.
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PMID:Lemierre syndrome complicating a subcutaneous neck abscess. 1655 4

Burns are one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma. Patients with serious thermal injury require immediate specialized care in order to minimize morbidity and mortality. Significant thermal injuries induce a state of immunosuppression that predisposes burn patients to infectious complications. A current summary of the classifications of burn wound infections, including their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, is given. Early excision of the eschar has substantially decreased the incidence of invasive burn wound infection and secondary sepsis, but most deaths in severely burn-injured patients are still due to burn wound sepsis or complications due to inhalation injury. Burn patients are also at risk for developing sepsis secondary to pneumonia, catheter-related infections, and suppurative thrombophlebitis. The introduction of silver-impregnated devices (e.g., central lines and Foley urinary catheters) may reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections due to prolonged placement of these devices. Improved outcomes for severely burned patients have been attributed to medical advances in fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, pulmonary and burn wound care, and infection control practices.
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PMID:Burn wound infections. 1661 55


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