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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The reticuloendothelial stimulant glucan, a beta-1,3-polyglucose component of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was evaluated for its ability to modify Staphylococcus aureus-induced lethality in normal and leukemic mice. In normal mice the intravenous injection of glucan (0.45 mg per mouse) 7 and 4 days prior to intravenous challenge with S. aureus (1.0 x 10(9)) resulted in a significantly increased survival. Histological examination of the kidneys revealed that glucan significantly inhibited renal necrosis associated with systemic staphylococcal diseases. Further studies indicated that glucan administration not only enhanced survival of leukemic mice, but also increased survival of leukemic mice with experimentally induced staphylococcal speticemia. These data denote that glucan enhances nonspecific resistance to S. aureus sepsis, promotes survival during leukemic episodes, and increases survival time of leukemic mice with experimentally induced staphylococcal infection.
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PMID:Protective effect of glucan against systemic Staphylococcus aureus septicemia in normal and leukemic mice. 35 59

Present-day problems of infection by Staphylococcus aureus are described against a brief historical account of the evolution of the multiple antibiotic resistant 'hospital staph'. which caused such immense problems of hospital cross-infection in the 1950's and 1960's. These problems have lessened considerably since that time, but staphylococcal infection still remains as a cause of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and treatment are not always straight-forward. Apart from applying general supportive measures, and appropriate surgical intervention when necessary, the attending doctor is faced with making a choice from a multiplicity of antibiotic agents. A brief account of the main antibiotic agents currently available is given with comments on some of the disadvantages and complications attendant on their use. The potential dangers of staphylococcal sepsis and the need for rapid diagnosis and prompt vigorous treatment are stressed.
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PMID:The problems, diagnosis and treatment of infection by Staphylococcus aureus. 49 32

Glucan, a beta 1 leads to 3 polyglucosidic component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was evaluated for its ability to provide nonspecific resistance to S. aureus septicemia in AKR/J mice. Intravenous injection of glucan (0.45 mg/mouse) 7 and 4 days prior to intravenous challenge with S. aureus (1.0 x 10(9)) resulted in a significantly increased survival as compared to control mice. Histological examination of the kidneys revealed that glucan decreased tissue necrosis associated with systemic staphylococcal disease. A post-treatment regimen of glucan significantly enhanced survival of AKR/J mice with lymphocytic leukemia as well as leukemic mice with experimentally induced systemic staphylococcal infection. The effect of glucan on S. aureus septicemia was also evaluated in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Glucan increased peripheral leukocyte counts as well as significantly enhanced survival of cyclophosphamide-treated mice with systemic S. aureus infection. Histopathological examination revealed that glucan administration markedly inhibited renal and hepatic pathology in cyclophosphamide-treated mice following intravenous challenge with S. aureus. These data denote that glucan provides nonspecific resistance to bacterial sepsis in normal, leukemic as well as immunosuppressed mice.
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PMID:Glucan induced modification of experimental Staphylococcus aureus infection in normal, leukemic and immunosuppressed mice. 54 28

Studies on the chemotherapeutic action of rifampicin in treatment of staphylococcal sepsis and sepsis caused by gramnegative organisms showed its high efficacy only in treatment of the staphylococcal infection. By the level of its efficacy rifampicin was much superior to benzylpenicillin and especially tetracycline. No difference in the activity level of the antibiotic in treatment of staphylococcal infections caused by sensitive and multiple resistant staphylococcal strains was found. In treatment of the infections caused by gramnegative organisms the drug activity was moderate.
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PMID:[Chemotherapeutic effectiveness of rifampicin in experimental infections]. 79 16

Antibacterial activity of gentamycin sulfate was studied in vitro and in treatment of albino mice with experimental infections. Gentamycin was superior to kanamycin with respect to its antibacterial effect against clinical strains of Staphylococcus, Coli bacteria, Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa. High efficiency of gentamycin was found with respect to acute and chronic staphylococcal infection, acute Proteus and Coli sepsis. The antibiotic was characterized by low LD50, high chemotherapeutic index, rapid decrease in isolation of the causative agent from the animal organs. The activity of gentamycin against infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa was the main advantage of gentamycin in comparison to kanamycin.
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PMID:[Experimental study of the chemotherapeutic activity of gentamicin sulfate]. 79 17

The puerperal mastitis is a staphylococcal infection of the lactating mamma cumulating during the third and fourth week after delivery. It is seen three times as often after hospital than after house delivery, and it is also more frequent with primiparae than with multiparae. The infection is caused by bacterial hospitalism. Most commonly mamilla and milkducts are infected via the child's nasopharynx. Mastitis rarely occurs in non-nursing women. Early diagnosis before the appearance of all classical inflammatory symptoms is important, to start the treatment with antibiotics before abscess formation takes place. We mentioned Fucidine, Oleandomycin and Oxacillin as staphylococcal-effective, penicillinase-resistent antibiotics. Additionally low-dose X-ray radiation may be given. In case of abscess formation local antibiotic-instillation combined with oral antibiotic treatment should be tried before incision. It is best to incise an abscess only after is complete breakdown. Complications to be looked for are maternal sepsis and staphylococcal infection of the newborn.
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PMID:[Puerperal mastitis]. 87 13

Pharmacokinetics of lincomycin hydrochloride and 7-chlor-7-desoxylincomycin hydrochloride (chlolincocin) was studied on albino mice and rabbits with experimental staphylococcal sepsis caused by intravenous introduction of highly pathogenic cultures. The septic process was accompanied by impairement of the kidney function, the pathological changes in the kidneys being most pronounced. The antibiotic levels in the blood and tissues of the internal organs, i.e. liver, kidneys, lungs and spleen increased in the infected animals, while the content of the antibiotic in the urine decreased. Determination of the plasmatic, kidney and extrakidney clearance revealed the increasing role of the extrakidney clearance. The shudy of the concentrations of 7-desoxylincomycin in the bile of the animals subjected to cholecystostomy showed that the role of the liver in elimination of lincomycin increased in the animals with experimental staphylococcal infection. As the state of the animals improved the changes in the pharmacokinetics of lincomycin decreased.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics of lincomycins in experimental staphylococcal sepsis]. 88 7

Neutrophil granulocyte function was determined in three patients with systemic staphylococcal infection, clinical manifestations of generalized allergic disease, and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Each of the patients had urticarial skin rashes before or at the time of development of staphylococcal suppurative lymphadenitis, pneumonia, or sepsis. Neutrophil chemotaxis, random migration, phagocytosis, and bactericidal capacity were assessed to determine if an abnormality in these functions might have contributed to the development of severe staphylococcal infections. Each of the three patients with generalized urticaria was found to have a marked defect in neutrophil chemotaxis. The mean chemotactic index of the patients was 12 +/- 4, whereas that of 20 controls was 72 +/- 11. Neutrophil random migration, phagocytosis, and bactericidal capacity were normal in each patient. The serum or plasma of the patients did not inhibit chemotaxis of control neutrophils and did not contain an increased concentration of the chemotactic-factor inactivator found in normal serum. Treatment of the neutrophils of these three patients with the competitive histamine H2 receptor blocking agent, burimamide, produced a significant increase in chemotactic responsiveness. These studies suggest the possibility of pharmacologic modification of neutrophil granulocyte function.
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PMID:Severe staphylococcal disease associated with allergic manifestations, hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, and defective neutrophil chemotaxis. 97 42

Cardiac pathologic findings were analyzed in 22 necropsy cases from a series of 29 patients with leukemia, aplastic anemia, or metastatic cancer who had been treated with ablative therapy followed by bone marrow transplantation. Some cardiac alterations were similar to those that occur in patients with hematologic and neoplastic diseases not treated with bone marrow transplantation, and consisted of cardiomegaly, cardiac atrophy, hemorrhage, foci of necrosis due to shock associated with sepsis or hepatic failure, myocardial abscesses secondary to systemic candidiasis or staphylococcal infection, fibrinous pericarditis, and hemosiderosis. Other cardiac alterations were more specifically related to factors associated with transplantation procedure. Six patients exhibited a distinctive interstitial reactive change characterized by the presence of (1) moderate to large numbers of Anitschkow cells, occurring alone or in small cellular aggregates and histiocytes, histiocytic cells with nuclei of the Anitschkow type, lymphoid cells, and plasma cells, and (2) nuclei of the Anitschkow type in cardiac vascular and endocardial smooth muscle, endothelial and Schwann cells, and occasional cardiac muscle cells. This alteration may have been induced by abnormal immune mechanisms, as suggested by the observation that five of the six patients with interstitial change had clinical evidence of graft-versus-host disease. Two patients developed fatal congestive cardiac failure in the early post-transplant period and exhibited myocardial damage with histologic and post-transplant period features indicative of severe acute injury. Findings in these two patients consisted of necrotic muscle cells, which exhibited multiple contraction bands, diastase-resistant PAS staining, and intracellular fibrin deposits; microthrombi, which were composed of fibrin and occasionally of fibrin and platelets; and extravasated erythrocytes and fibrin strands in the interstitium. One of the two patients also exhibited unusual nuclear alterations, which were characterized by replacement of normal chromatin by palely stained fibrous and filamentous material. Clinicopathologic analysis strongly suggested that the fatal cardiotoxicity in both patients resulted primarily from effects of high doses of cyclophosphamide, which were administered as part of a four drug regimen that provided tumor ablation and immunosuppression for bone marrow transplantation. Our findings emphasize the need for less toxic antineoplastic and immunosuppressive therapy for use in bone marrow transplantation procedures.
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PMID:Cardiac pathologic findings in patients treated with bone marrow transplantation. 110 69

The clinical and roentgenographic findings in 10 patients with combined staphylococcal infection fo the bones, joints, and lungs are reviewed. Chest roentgenograms early in the course of the illness suggested septic embolic disease, but in most cases the associated osseous infections were overlooked. Primary therapy, directed toward the sepsis and pulmonary complications, was often unsuccessful until the associated osteomyelitis was recognized and treated. The radiologist and clinician should recognize the roentgen pattern of septic pulmonary emboli and be alert to the possibility of associated skeletal infection. Surgical drainage is often necessary.
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PMID:Staphylococcal osteomyelitis, sepsis, and pulmonary disease. Observations of 10 patients with combined osseous and pulmonary infections. 118 15


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