Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of respiratory support devices has been compromised by respiratory infection possibly related to the support mechanism itself. Differentiation between airway contamination (tracheobronchitis) and parenchymal infection (pneumonitis) is clinically significant, as is the differentiation of respiratory infection from other foci of sepsis in the complicated surgical patient. Serial quantitative tracheal cultures provide excellent objective measures of the presence, progression, and/or resolution of respiratory infection with few false positive or negative observations. Indeed, such observations often allow earlier definitive diagnosis of infection than can be achieved with conventional clinical, chemical, or roentgenographic studies. The method represents a useful supplement to the care of the patient requiring respiratory support when infection is a realistic possibility.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative tracheal cultures in surgical patients requiring mechanical ventilatory assistance. 116 13

A previously undescribed fatal multisystem syndrome involving the eyes, ears, lungs, intestines, and kidneys occurred in sibs. They both presented during early childhood with cataracts, otitis media, intestinal malabsorption, chronic respiratory infection, and failure to thrive. Later, they developed recurrent pneumonia (one was shown to have immotile bronchial cilia) and progressive azotemia leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by late childhood. Both died of overwhelming infection (sepsis, meningitis). An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is proposed since the normal parents were distant cousins, and 4 other sibs were normal.
 ...
PMID:New syndrome involving the visual, auditory, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and renal systems. 144 88

A large percentage of misdiagnosed appendicitis cases occur during childhood. Misdiagnosed patients have increased morbidity and mortality from the diagnostic delay. The patients excused from an emergency facility who are ultimately shown to suffer from appendicitis have higher rates of perforation with attendant abscess formation, peritonitis, sepsis, and potential death. The patients with misdiagnosed appendicitis are young and likely to have atypical signs and symptoms. Grunting respirations incorrectly attributed to respiratory infection may serve as a pathway for a misdiagnosed case of appendicitis.
 ...
PMID:Grunting respirations: chest or abdominal pathology? 145 46

Imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) was used to treat 39 documented infections in patients who had failed to respond to other antibiotic regimens. The overall response rating was 76.9%. Respiratory infections responded less frequently (efficacy rating, 55.6%) to IPM/CS than abdominal infections, urinary tract infections, or sepsis. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were less sensitive to IPM/CS therapy than the other bacterial strains encountered. Respiratory tract infections were though to be less responsive to IPM/CS, probably because imipenem-resistant strains of S aureus were present in most of those cases. It is concluded that IPM/CS is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of various bacterial infections.
 ...
PMID:Imipenem/cilastatin as secondary therapy for bacterial infections. 193 95

We conducted a 1-year longitudinal prospective study of infants born in a traditional rural indigenous community of Guatemala. Three hundred twenty-nine infants surviving birth and the first day of life were followed during the first 3 months of life. Surveillance included routine household and well baby clinic visits and clinic visits for minor illnesses. Detection of potentially lethal illnesses depended on orientation of families and midwives to important symptoms and to the need for immediate medical evaluation if such symptoms were identified. We identified 38 episodes of lethal and potentially lethal illness. Thirty-five (92%) of these episodes were infectious diseases, principally sepsis during the neonatal period and acute lower respiratory infection in Months 2 and 3. Of all study infants, low birth weight (less than 2500 g) infants comprised 14% and premature (less than 37 weeks gestation) infants comprised 1%. Premature infants had a relative risk of lethal and potentially lethal illnesses of 11.1 (95% confidence interval, 3.6 to 34.4) compared with normal term infants, and no premature infant survived the first 3 months of life despite medical intervention. Low birth weight infants had a relative risk of 3.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 6.6), but with medical intervention all but 2 survived. Despite their lower risk, because of their much greater number normal term infants experienced 60% of lethal and potentially lethal illnesses. Among all study infants medical intervention was associated with survival of 86% of lethal and potentially lethal infectious illnesses and with a rate of neonatal mortality among study children significantly lower than rates documented in previous years in the same community.
 ...
PMID:Neonatal and early postneonatal morbidity and mortality in a rural Guatemalan community: the importance of infectious diseases and their management. 194 77

The results of a retrospective study on the management of respiratory infection after open heart surgery in 370 consecutive cases are presented in this paper. The incidence of postoperative respiratory infection was 3.8% (14 cases). There was atelectasis of the lung in 3, pneumonia in 6 and acute suppurative bronchitis in 5 cases. Among the 6 patients with postoperative pneumonia, one died of sepsis and another died of consolidation of the lung. The remaining 12 attained uneventful recovery after reasonable treatment with antibiotics, expectorant, oxygen therapy, inhalation therapy, bronchial lavage and aspiration. The prevention measures of postoperative respiratory infection are also discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Management of respiratory infection after open heart surgery]. 208 66

Respiratory tract infections are major causes of excessive morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Persons with systemic sepsis have an especially high risk of acquiring these infections, which indicates that their lung antibacterial defenses are compromised. To evaluate the effects of sepsis on pulmonary antibacterial defenses, we injected either saline or 5 mg/kg of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide intravenously into Sprague-Dawley rats. Two hours later, the animals were challenged by aerosol inhalation with either Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is known that phagocytic defenses against aerosolized S. aureus challenges are provided solely by the alveolar macrophage; in normal animals challenged with P. aeruginosa, however, an intrapulmonary inflammatory response is elicited. Animals pretreated with endotoxin showed a significant decrease in pulmonary bactericidal activity against S. aureus with 31 +/- 3% bacteria remaining viable at 4 hr compared with 20 +/- 2% in the controls, which indicates a defect in alveolar macrophage antimicrobial activity. After P. aeruginosa challenge, saline-injected control animals developed a marked intrapulmonary inflammatory response and killed greater than 85% of their initial inoculum by 4 hr. By contrast, endotoxin-treated animals failed to recruit neutrophils into the alveoli in response to P. aeruginosa, resulting in a proliferation of this pathogen within the lung (212 +/- 6% bacteria remaining viable at 4 hr). Endotoxin is known to be a potent stimulus for the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by the host. TNF is a potent inflammatory mediator and promotes neutrophil adhesion to the vascular endothelium. In these experiments, serum TNF peaked at 28,390 +/- 7,766 Units/ml. 90 min after intravenous endotoxin. Histopathology of the lungs in these animals showed considerable sequestration of the neutrophils within the pulmonary vasculature. These data show that systemic endotoxin significantly impairs lung host defenses against intrapulmonary bacterial challenges and suggest that TNF-mediated events may play a central role.
 ...
PMID:Endotoxin-induced suppression of lung host defenses. 212 Mar 77

This is the case report of a 4-year-old white boy who was diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in November 1985. While in remission and on maintenance chemotherapy, he developed a primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) respiratory infection in October 1986. On October 27, 1986 a plain abdominal radiograph taken for abdominal distention showed free air. At celiotomy, multiple nodules were noted to stud the small bowel. Central necrosis of these nodules with perforations were present in the distal small bowel. Resections and end-to-end anastomoses were performed. Three days later the patient again had a similar acute abdominal episode. At reexploration, similar lesions in the liver, kidney, duodenum, proximal jejunum, and colon were found. Liver biopsy as well as intestinal resections and end-to-end anastomoses were performed, along with a loop ileostomy. Polymorphic B-cell lymphoma positive for EBV was found in the specimens. After cessation of chemotherapy and institution of abdominal radiotherapy, the hepatic and renal lesions were seen to resolve on computed tomography scan. The patient's course was complicated by the development of cervical and mediastinal abscesses that were drained, and E coli sepsis accompanied by chronic diarrhea requiring intravenous hyperalimentation. By January 1988, he appeared to be recovering. His ileostomy was closed in March 1988. Despite cessation of chemotherapy since October 1986, the patient is now well and in complete remission.
 ...
PMID:Multiple small bowel perforations in leukemia secondary to Epstein-Barr virus lymphoma with survival: a case report. 217 5

Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative short rod-shaped bacteria that has been recognized as a pathogen of hemorrhagic septicemia and fowl cholera in the veterinary medicine. Infections by this microorganism as seen in the foreign literature vary widely from local infections due to bites and scratches by animals to general infections such as infections of the respiratory tract, sepsis, and meningitis. In Japan, reported cases of P. multocida infections are predominantly local infections, followed by respiratory infection. Recently, death of diabetic patients due to septicemia by this pathogen has also been reported. In this study, we experienced a case of respiratory tract infection in which the pathogen P. multocida subsp. multocida was suggested to have been transmitted from a pet cat by the agreement of the serotype of the bacterial isolates between the patient and the cat. This case was evaluated from the zoonotic viewpoint. The patient was a 68-year-old male who had been followed up since 1982 with a diagnosis of bronchiectasis. After his referral to our hospital, P. multocida subsp. multocida was isolated from his bloody sputum and, then, from the cat kept by the patient. The tow isolates were identical in terms of the biochemical properties, drug susceptibility profile, and serotype (-:1), and the derivation of P. multocida subsp. multocida infection from cat was established for the first time in this report. The incidence of P. multocida infections is increasing in Japan, and particular attention is considered to be needed about these conditions as zoonoses as indicated in "Preventive Measures against Zoonoses Derived from Pet Animals (Dog, Cat)", an official communication from the Ministry of Health and Welfare to related institutions in 1989. Also, to check whether the patient keeps any pet at the clinical inquiry is a practice of bacteriological importance in all fields of medicine.
 ...
PMID:[Human respiratory tract infection by Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida presumably derived from the cat]. 224 91

Forty-two (14%) of 306 patients with liver injuries presenting to Westmead Hospital over a 10-year period required hepatic resection as their definitive treatment. Two types of resection were performed: Resectional debridement utilized the plane of injury as the line of resection while anatomical resection utilized anatomical planes. Resectional debridement was used in 35 patients. In 29, the major technical problem was bleeding and 21 of these patients had associated hepatic vein injuries. In 5, the major problem was devitalized parenchyma, and, in 1, it was an intrahepatic bile duct injury. Anatomical resection was performed in 7 patients: 3 with bleeding, 2 with devitalized parenchyma, and 2 with intrahepatic bile duct injuries. Overall, 15 patients died (36%). The most common cause of death was bleeding in 9 of the 15 patients. Survivors spent a median of 32 days in hospital (range: 11-162 days) and sustained a median of 2 complications (range: 0-6). The most common complications were respiratory infection and/or failure, coagulopathy, and sepsis. Resection successfully addressed bleeding, devitalized parenchyma, and intrahepatic bile duct injuries with an acceptable mortality in critically ill patients who would otherwise have died.
 ...
PMID:The role of hepatic resection in the management of blunt liver trauma. 238 52


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>