Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A human intravenous IgG preparation (Anti-LPS IgG) rich in antibodies to different lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and a normal human intravenous IgG (NIgG) were investigated for their ability to confer passive immunity. Both preparations were given at the time of infection (prophylaxis) or during sepsis (therapy) to burned mice with lethal infection induced by various clinically relevant gram-negative bacteria. When given at the time of infection both IgG preparations (5 mg/mouse) inhibited lethality induced by some bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa serogroup G and B), but not others (Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis), indicating a protection by by strain-specific antibodies. However, no significant protection was seen when mice were treated during sepsis. The range of specific antibody titers to the whole live bacteria and heat-killed (LPS-preserved) bacteria in the NIgG paralleled that of Anti-LPS IgG; however, the magnitude of the antibody titers did not accurately reflect the protective capacity in vivo. Thus, the exact specificity of the protective antibodies is still unknown. The protective effect of both IgG preparations was dose-dependent; at low IgG doses (0.5 mg/mouse) better protection was obtained with Anti-LPS IgG, whilst at higher doses (> or = 1 mg/mouse) both preparations exhibited identical effects. Low doses of either IgG preparation in combination with subtherapeutic doses of piperacillin significantly enhanced early survival (day 2 for NIgG and day 2 + 3 for Anti-LPS IgG) against P. aeruginosa, but the protective effect waned thereafter. We conclude that a strain-specific antibacterial effect in a compromised mouse infection model can be obtained by early passive immunization with human IgG from large plasma pools. It is suggested that Anti-LPS IgG or NIgG may be of benefit in some cases of gram-negative sepsis when administered as prophylaxis together with proper antibiotic treatment.
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PMID:Effect of a human IgG preparation rich in antibodies to a wide range of lipopolysaccharides on gram-negative bacterial sepsis in burned mice. 850 60

Visceral injuries, wound infection and sepsis were investigated in 226 inpatients who sustained electrical burns over a period of 15 years. Four patients who sustained thoracic and abdominal organ injuries were noted in this series. The patients had injuries of the small intestine, stomach, colon and the lung. All the patients received operative treatment. Two of them died of sepsis. Injuries to the internal organs should always be considered following high-voltage injuries, and they should be managed as early as possible. The data concerning wound infection and sepsis following electrical injuries were evaluated in three consecutive 5-year periods. Over this period of 15 years, different antibiotic regimens were used for prophylaxis and treatment. Most patients in the current series had been contaminated or infected by various pathogens prior to admission. Long-lasting administration of prophylactic antibiotics in these patients showed no improvement in controlling the sepsis. After 1987, most of the microorganisms were eliminated following more effective antimicrobial therapy. The progressive decrease in infection frequency of species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter cloacae, appeared to be causally related to the changes in the general therapeutic protocol which included new antibiotics. The infections caused by E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed a rather steady state. A marked increase in frequency of negative wound cultures was also noted between the years 1989 and 1993. A gradual decrease in mortality rates was observed from the first to the last 5-year period, whereas mortality rates due to sepsis showed a gradual but slower decline. Sepsis (142 patients comprising 62.8 per cent of the total mortality rate) was the most frequent complication resulting in death.
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PMID:Visceral injuries, wound infection and sepsis following electrical injuries. 863 29

A case of psoas abscess associated with diabetes mellitus in the elderly is reported. A 81-year-old male who had been followed for cerebral thrombosis, diabetes mellitus and basal cell carcinoma was admitted to our hospital because of high fever. Leukocytosis, a positive CRP test and pyuria were seen. Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli were detected by urine and blood culture, respectively. He was treated with antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infection and sepsis. After starting treatment, a low grade fever continued. On the twenty first hospital day he developed pyrexia again, and a large abscess was demonstrated in the right psoas muscle by pelvic couputed tomography. The abscess was drained and a specimen from it yielded E. coli on culture. Treatment with antibiotics and drainage resulted in symptomatic improvement. In Japan, 82 cases of psoas abscess have been reported from 1990 to 1994. Four cases of these reports were above eighty years old. The experience with this case indicates the necessity of adequate care in cases of elderly diabetes complicated by psoas abscess.
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PMID:[A case of psoas abscess associated in the elderly]. 869 Sep 53

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has prompted interest in alternatives to conventional drugs. One possible option is to use bacteriophages (phage) as antimicrobial agents. We have conducted a literature review of all Medline citations from 1966-1996 that dealt with the therapeutic use of phage. There were 27 papers from Poland, the Soviet Union, Britain and the U.S.A. The Polish and Soviets administered phage orally, topically or systemically to treat a wide variety of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in both adults and children. Infections included suppurative wound infections, gastroenteritis, sepsis, osteomyelitis, dermatitis, empyemas and pneumonia; pathogens included Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Shigella and Salmonella spp. Overall, the Polish and Soviets reported success rates of 80-95% for phage therapy, with rare, reversible gastrointestinal or allergic side effects. However, efficacy of phage was determined almost exclusively by qualitative clinical assessment of patients, and details of dosages and clinical criteria were very sketchy. There were also six British reports describing controlled trials of phage in animal models (mice, guinea pigs and livestock), measuring survival rates and other objective criteria. All of the British studies raised phage against specific pathogens then used to create experimental infections. Demonstrable efficacy against Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus spp. was noted in these model systems. Two U.S. papers dealt with improving the bioavailability of phage. Phage is sequestered in the spleen and removed from circulation. This can be overcome by serial passage of phage through mice to isolate mutants that resist sequestration. In conclusion, bacteriophages may show promise for treating antibiotic resistant pathogens. To facilitate further progress, directions for future research are discussed and a directory of authors from the reviewed papers is provided.
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PMID:Bacteriophages show promise as antimicrobial agents. 951 62

The carbapenem-induced endotoxin release was evaluated using experimental models of gram-negative bacterial sepsis in Wistar rats. Infections with Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis resulted in an increase of the plasma endotoxin concentration after treatment with ceftazidime and carbapenems including imipenem, panipenem, meropenem and biapenem. Except for P. aeruginosa, the plasma endotoxin concentrations after carbapenem treatment were significantly lower than those after ceftazidime treatment. It is noteworthy that treatment of P. aeruginosa sepsis with meropenem or biapenem induced significantly more endotoxin release than other carbapenems and the endotoxin concentrations induced by these carbapenems reached those of ceftazidime treatment. The plasma endotoxin concentrations appeared to correlate with the reduction of platelet counts and the elevation of both glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase values.
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PMID:Carbapenem-induced endotoxin release in gram-negative bacterial sepsis rat models. 975 2

Struvite stones constitute only about 2-3% of the stones reaching the laboratory for analysis, but the clinical problems they create including sepsis and even renal demise are greater than with any other stone type. This article reviews the evidence that bacterial urease, usually from a Proteus species, is responsible for the chemical changes in urine which result in struvite formation. Available urease inhibitors and other forms of medical management of patients with these stones are discussed. A patient with struvite stones should be assumed to have a progressive disease which cannot be ignored. Even after seemingly successful elimination of stones with lithotripsy and/or percutaneous nephrolithotomy, careful medical follow-up is critical. The medical profession is probably underutilizing postprocedure hemiacidrin irrigation because of shortsighted financial considerations. Primary-care physicians need to be educated in the importance of aggressive management of Proteus and other urea-splitting infections.
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PMID:Struvite stones. 987 15

The in vitro activity of trovafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam, and meropenem against 613 consecutively recovered blood isolates from recently hospitalized patients. Susceptibility testing was performed by agar dilution according to NCCLS guidelines. Test strains included Acinetobacter species (n = 26), Escherichia coli (n = 137), Enterobacter species (n = 27), Klebsiella species (n = 42), Proteus species (n = 16), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 28), Serratia marcescens (n = 13), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 7), enterococci (n = 54), coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 38), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 137), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 27), beta-haemolytic streptococci (n = 13), and viridans group streptococci (n = 48). The overall respective MICs at which 50% and 90% of isolates were inhibited (MIC50s and MIC90s) were as follows: trovafloxacin, 0.06 and 1 mg/l; ciprofloxacin, 0.25 and 4 mg/l; ofloxacin, 0.5 and 4 mg/l; fleroxacin, 0.5 and 16 mg/l; ceftazidime, 2 and 128 mg/l; piperacillin/tazobactam, 2 and 8 mg/l; meropenem, 0.06 and 4 mg/l. For the quinolones, the rank order of activity against gram-negative microorganisms was ciprofloxacin > trovafloxacin > ofloxacin = fleroxacin, against gram-positive organisms, trovafloxacin > ciprofloxacin = ofloxacin > fleroxacin. Data obtained showed the similar activity of trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin against gram-negative pathogens and the superior activity of trovafloxacin against gram-positive bacteria thus making it a potential candidate for the empiric treatment of patients with suspected bacteremia and sepsis.
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PMID:Comparative in-vitro activities of trovafloxacin, ciproflaxacin, ofloxacin, and broad-spectrum beta-lactams against aerobe blood culture isolates. 998 89

Pylephlebitis usually occurs secondary to infection in the region drained by the portal venous system. A most common antesecent focus of infection is diverticulitis and the most common blood isolate is E. coli (54%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (23%). Overall mortality is 32% and most of the patients who had died had severe sepsis prior to the initiation of antibiotic therapy. We describe a case of pylephlebitis which had appendicitis and consequent septic thrombosis of the portal vein and its branches, with dissemination of infection to the liver. The patient had recovered due to timely antibiotic treatment alone and resulted in complete resolution. Early diagnosis and treatment are basic to a favorable clinical course.
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PMID:Pylephlebitis associated with appendicitis. 1006 17

The incidence of septicaemia among neonates categorized as being at high risk was 55 per cent in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Gram-positive organisms, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, were predominant (33.8 per cent) among bacteria cultured from proven cases of septicaemia. Other coagulase-negative staphylococci also contributed 21 per cent, with Staphylococcus epidermidis occurring in 5 per cent of the isolates. Listeria monocytogenes was cultured from 8.4 per cent of septic neonates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from 3 per cent, Klebsiella pneumoniae from 14 per cent, and Escherichia coli from 7 per cent. Other Gram-negative bacilli cultured were Enterobacter aerogenes (5 per cent), Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella sp., and Proteus sp. (2 per cent each). The bacterial isolates were relatively resistant to antibiotics traditionally employed to treat cases of septicaemia. The study shows a high prevalence of neonatal bacterial sepsis at the centre and the emerging role of Listeria monocytogenes in the aetiology of neonatal sepsis. It highlights the preponderance of multiple antibiotic resistant organisms among these neonates early in life which is of epidemiological importance in the control of the infectious agents.
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PMID:The bacteriology of neonatal septicaemia in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 1040 Nov 92

Human blood anti-Proteus preparation activity has been studied on the model of Proteus etiology sepsis in white not pedigree mice. It has been found out that anti-Proteus plasma and anti-Proteus immunoglobulin with antibody titre 1:80 possess marked therapeutic properties. The obtained results of the experimental studies are the grounds for clinical studies carrying out with the use of blood anti-Proteus preparations in combined therapy of the patients with diseases of Proteus etiology.
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PMID:[The protective activity of anti-Proteus blood preparations]. 1068 80


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