Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 370 patients with staphylococcic abscessing pneumonia in 55 secondary pulmonary involvement (14.8%) was noted. Acute hematogenic osteomyelitis was the most frequent cause of sepsis. The treatment of patients with secondary staphylociccic abscessing pneumonia is described. The mortality was 40 per cent.
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PMID:[Secondary abscessing pneumonia in children]. 101 74

Over a 12 month period, 61 isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MR-SA) were obtained in 23 hospitalized patients. Eight-six per cent of the patients were over 50 years of age, and 91 per cent were in the postoperative period. In 10 patients (42 per cent), MR-SA was the major pathogen, producing either pneumonia, empyema, osteomyelitis, lung abscess, enterocolitis, wound infection or bacteremia with sepsis. Three patients in this group died despite therapy with antibiotics with in vitro activity against these organisms. All the patients probably acquired their MR-SA in the hospital, and five carriers of the organism were identified among hospital personnel. This outbreak demonstrates the ability of MR-SA not only to colonize many patients in a relatively brief period of time, but also to produce serious disease.
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PMID:Clinical, epidemiologic and bacteriologic observations of an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a large community hospital. 104 60

Respiratory failure in man most frequently follows sepsis. A sign of occult sepsis may be pulmonary failure. Shock and its necessary fluid therapy may predispose to a brief requirement for ventilatory assistance. Shock and multiple injury predispase to sepsis. Mechanical ventilation with intubation has adverse effects upon the lung as well as beneficial effects of the patient. The most important adverse effect is pneumonia.
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PMID:The cause of post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency in man. 112 71

The efficacy of respiratory support devices has been compromised by respiratory infection possibly related to the support mechanism itself. Differentiation between airway contamination (tracheobronchitis) and parenchymal infection (pneumonitis) is clinically significant, as is the differentiation of respiratory infection from other foci of sepsis in the complicated surgical patient. Serial quantitative tracheal cultures provide excellent objective measures of the presence, progression, and/or resolution of respiratory infection with few false positive or negative observations. Indeed, such observations often allow earlier definitive diagnosis of infection than can be achieved with conventional clinical, chemical, or roentgenographic studies. The method represents a useful supplement to the care of the patient requiring respiratory support when infection is a realistic possibility.
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PMID:Quantitative tracheal cultures in surgical patients requiring mechanical ventilatory assistance. 116 13

Twelve elderly patients without Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome or adrenal tumor who had spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage one to 33 days after operation are described. Seven of these patients had operations on the gastrointestinal tract, one on the biliary system, two on the genitourinary system and two on the central nervous system. Important factors relating to adrenal hemorrhage included: intra-abdominal sepsis in 5 patients, cancer in 4, pneumonia in 4, coagulation defects in 2, exogenous steroids in 2, and syphilis in one patient. Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage should be considered in patients whose condition deteriorates rapidly after operation and in whom no other explanation is plausible. Its detection and appropriate therapy can be lifesaving.
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PMID:Postoperative adrenal hemorrhage. 121 87

The complications encountered in caring for 185 patients intoxicated with barbiturates were reviewed. The population consisted of 142 patients with long-acting barbiturate concentrations of 8 mg per 100 ml or greater, 20 patients with short-acting barbiturate concentrations of 3 mg per 100 ml or greater and 23 consecutive patients with short-acting barbiturate intoxication referred for monitoring. Pneumonia was the major cause of morbidity and mortality and correlated best with the initial depth of coma and the use of an endotracheal tube in treatment. Cardiovascular instability manifested by pulmonary edema was the next leading cause of morbidity and mortality and correlated best with the initial depth of coma and the quantity of intravenous fluid administered. In retrospect, use of eliminative measures such as dialysis would probably not have altered the outcome in most of the patients who died and attempts at forced diuresis may have contributed to several deaths. Particular emphasis should be placed on the problems of sepsis and fluid therapy in the management of these patients.
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PMID:Barbiturate intoxication. Morbidity and mortality. 125 66

The pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis are common diseases of GBS infection in infants. There are early-onset and late-onset types in this disease, the result of the infection is unknown. M. Sugiyama reported that M9 is a new type of GBS in Japan in 1989. Analysis of GBS typing and serum specific antibody concentrations of the type are simple with new technics. By studying the infants' contamination we discovered that GBS appeared to originate from mother-infant sources. The infants were followed for a year. 52% of the infants had GBS contamination in their throat or stool. The most common type was Ia, followed by III, JM9 and NT6. Those types without III type had been present for more than 9 months in the infant. The contamination term of Ia or III type in infants correlated with the blood specific antibody concentration of the type.
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PMID:[Maternal carriage and vertical transmission of group B Streptococcus (GBS)]. 129 21

Natural surfactant (Surfactant TA, Survanta, CLSE, SF-RI 1, Curosurf and human surfactant obtained from amniotic fluid) therapy for RDS in very premature infants has been evaluated in 17 controlled clinical trials. Uniformly intratracheal surfactant administration caused a decreased intensity of mechanical ventilation during the first hours (reduced inspiratory pressure, reduced oxygen requirements) as an immediate effect of surfactant administration. Metanalysis reveals barotraumatic pulmonary complications mainly, pneumothorax and pulmonary interstitial emphysema to occur less frequently in surfactant-treated infants in virtually all trials; an increased incidence of survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia following surfactant treatment was observed in 10 controlled clinical trials. The incidence of other complications of prematurity (intracranial hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus and necrotizing enterocolitis) was unchanged following natural surfactant treatment. Dosing of natural surfactant is still under investigation, however recent data indicate that the initial dose should not be less than 100 mg/kg b.w. and retreatment should be given to infants with unsatisfactory response (i.e. fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) > 40%). Timing of surfactant treatment still remains controversial. Prophylactic treatment shortly following birth has been compared with rescue-treatment, i.e. surfactant administration to infants suffering from manifest RDS in most studies 4-8 h after birth. Conflicting data from 5 controlled trials may be interpreted as follows: prophylactic treatment seems to be favourable for extremely premature infants (GA < or = 26 weeks) and rescue treatment seems to be adequate for infants of 27-30 weeks of gestation. Intratracheal surfactant instillation in very premature infants did not result in an improved lung function for 24 h to 48 h in all patients. Ten--25% of study infants were reported to be "non-responders", i.e. infants without sustained decrease in oxygen requirements (i.e. FiO2 > 40%). Various factors may be operative including congenital bacterial infections (sepsis or pneumonia), lung hypoplasia and cardiac failure. Inactivation of surface properties of natural surfactant caused by a leakage of proteins across the alveolar-capillary membrane was observed in experimental and clinical studies. Current investigations focus on a combination of postnatal steroids and surfactant treatment to improve lung function and outcome in "non-responders". As long as any controlled clinical studies are being published, this approach remains experimental. Up to now, any controlled clinical trials have been performed to assess different modes of artificial ventilation (e.g. high frequency oscillating ventilation versus conventional ventilation) combined with surfactant therapy. Data obtained from premature animals given natural surfactant indicate any advantage with respect to gas exchange and lung histology to result from high frequency ventilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Natural surfactant for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in very premature infants: a 1992 update. 129 66

The most common cause of late death following trauma is sepsis. The traumatized patient has a significant increased risk of infection. Transfusion, hypotension, and prolonged ventilatory support are predictive of septic complications. In addition, the trauma patient has a higher predisposition to pneumonia than nontrauma patients (18% versus 3% incidence of pneumonia, P < .001). Additional risk factors include the degree of nutrition status and the type of medications used during surgery. Immunologic depression may be an additional risk factor. There is mounting evidence that trauma can result in host defense abnormalities. To prevent the significant mortality caused by sepsis, close surveillance must be maintained, nutritional status must be optimal, and liberal use of antibiotics should be discouraged. Their use should be guided by appropriate cultures and sensitivities.
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PMID:Risk factors for infection in the trauma patient. 129 93

Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GBS) infection is an important cause of neonatal pneumonia and sepsis. GBS infection is frequently associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. To better understand the early pulmonary hypertension phase of GBS-induced acute lung injury in a conscious animal, we characterized the pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic response of spontaneously breathing, chronically instrumented newborn lambs to injections of heat-killed type Ib GBS, 0.1-9.0 x 10(9) colony forming units. Heat-killed GBS caused marked dose-dependent increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and calculated pulmonary vascular resistance, 190 and 370% at the maximum dose, respectively. Similarly, GBS caused dose-dependent increases in mean systemic arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance (28.5 and 108% at the maximum dose, respectively) and a decrease in cardiac output (33.5%). Arterial oxygen tension worsened at the higher doses. GBS-induced pulmonary hypertension was decreased by two structurally unrelated, putative leukotriene D4 receptor antagonists. Pretreatment with LY171883 blocked GBS-induced pulmonary hypertension by 95%, and WY48,252 attenuated this effect by 27%. Both drugs completely blocked the hemodynamic effects of exogenous leukotriene D4. For comparison, several lambs received bolus injections of live GBS, either alone or after pretreatment with LY171883. The hemodynamic response to live GBS and attenuation of that response by LY171883 were similar to those caused by similar doses of heat-killed GBS. Thus, bolus injections of heat-killed GBS provide a reproducible model of pulmonary hypertension in conscious newborn lambs. In addition, the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes appear to be important mediators of GBS-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn lambs.
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PMID:Hemodynamic effects of heat-killed group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus in newborn lambs: role of leukotriene D4. 131 29


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