Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five infants with pneumococcal sepsis presented with respiratory distress and clinical signs of infection in the first day of life. Although there was no apparent epidemiological relationship among the patients, four of the five were seen within a 12-month period. Pneumonia, prolonged rupture of fetal membranes, and prematurity were features in these patients. Three infants died, two within 12 hours of diagnosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the vagina of three of the mothers; in two, the serotype was identical to that recovered from their infants. Clinical features of neonatal pneumococcal sepsis are similar to those of early-onset group B streptococcal infection. Like the group B Streptococcus, S. pneumoniae acquired from the maternal vagina is a potential life-threatening pathogen in the newborn period.
 ...
PMID:Early-onset pneumococcal sepsis in newborn infants. 1 25

Hairy cells from eight patients with hairy cell leukemia were evaluated with both light and transmission electron microscopy for their capacity to phagocytose zymosan, latex, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. In two patients, there was no phagocytosis of any of these substances; cells from three patients phagocytosed only latex; two, all except pseudomonas; and one, all 4 substances. Hairy cells became relatively smooth while in culture with staphylococcus, but no surface changes were noted during incubation with the other substances. Of the eight patients studied, one died of pseudomonas pneumonia and sepsis; pseudomonas was the only substance which her hairy cells did not phagocytose. The one patient whose hairy cells phagocytosed all 4 test substances developed a disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare infection; culture of his hairy cells with this atypical myocbacterium showed no phagocytosis. Hairy cells have different phagocytic capabilities from patient to patient, and the evaluation of these capabilities in vitro might provide early identification of potential infectious complications.
 ...
PMID:Hairy cell leukemia: differences in phagocytic capacity of cells in vitro. 3 38

Three cases of malignant histiocytosis occurring in children aged 2 months, 10 months and 14 years, are described. In all children the diagnosis was based on anaemia, granulocytopenia or thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly and marked erythrophagocytosis by bone marrow and lymph node atypical histiocytes. Two children aged 10 months and 14 years, underwent splenectomy after which combined chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (COP) was started. In the older child a complete remission was achieved. The younger child died soon after the onset of the treatment. The youngest child was treated with bleomycin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (BACOP). He died of pneumonia and sepsis two months after the start of the treatment.
 ...
PMID:Malignant histiocytosis. Histiocytic medullary reticulosis. 7 57

We report the case of a 13-year-old boy who was known to have Fanconi's anemia for five years. For treatment of this condition he was given androgens and corticosteroids. Two months before his death, severe varicella developed complicated by pneumonia, jaundice, and prolonged fever; all of which resolved during a five-week hospitalization. Three weeks later he died of Clostridium septicum sepsis caused by necrotizing enterocolitis. At autopsy he was found to have multiple hepatocellular neoplasms. A striking feature of the neoplasms was cholestasis. The liver also showed peliosis hepatis. The association of the use of certain androgenic steroids with hepatic neoplasms histologically resembling hepatocarcinomas, but characterized by lack of metastases and apparent reversibility, suggests the desirability of a new nomenclature for these hepatocellular lesions.
 ...
PMID:Multiple hepatic tumors and peliosis hepatis in Fanconi's anemia treated with androgens. 19 56

A diagnosis of clinical sepsis is the primary indication for administration of systemic antibiotics. Choices of antibiotics for sepsis, where cultures are unavailable, requires a knowledge of current strains in the unit where the patient resides and coverage for both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas. Dosage requirements are increased in burned patients and serum antibiotic levels must be monitored for maximal effectiveness and minimal toxicity. Localized foci of infection must be identified and eradicated with regional antibiotic therapy or surgery when possible. Gram-negative pneumonia in the patient with an inhalation injury poses special difficulties in therapy. Resistance to antibiotics must be constantly guarded against and isolation procedures followed to avoid its propagation in the burn unit. Combination drug regimens and plasmid-directed therapy may in the future slow down the acquisition of further antibiotic resistance and lead to improved salvage of severely burned patients.
 ...
PMID:Use of systemic antibiotics in the burned patient. 25 20

A prospective study of 45 granulocyte transfusions in children using continuous flow centrifugation is reported. During 13 episodes of proven or presumed infection, only two children failed to show a favorable response to granulocyte transfusion. The neutropenic child shows a significantly increased absolute granulocyte count one hour after transfusion. The granulocyte counts at one hour after transfusion are inversely proportional to the child's size. A child with chronic granulomatous disease who had documented Nocardia asteroides sepsis and pneumonia exhibited complete recovery following granulocyte transfusion. Dramatic responses to the nonrandom use of granulocyte transfusion have been observed in children with major gram-negative bacterial infections. Endorsement of granulocyte transfusion for instances of presumed, but unproven, infection in the neutropenic child will require randomization to control the variables of antibiotic therapy and bone marrow remission.
 ...
PMID:Granulocyte transfusion therapy in children. 26 30

Four children with lymphoproliferative malignant disease, two with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission and two with Hodgkin's disease, were treated with a Thymic Hormone, THF, for disseminated varicella infecition. It is suggested that THF increased significantly the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes and T-rosette forming lymphocytes in 3 out of 4 children, who developed the varicella at the time of impaired cellular immunity. On the other hand, in the fourth child, with Hodgkin's disease, who had a normal number of T-rosettes, a decreased absolute number of lymphocytes as well as T-rosettes was observed over a course of 14 days THF treatment, although the percent of T-cells has not changed significantly. All of the four children recovered, including the child who was at high risk, with a marked lymphopenia, severe bilateral pneumonitis, hepatitis secondary infected skin lesions and psudomonas sepsis. It is indicated that THF therapy may restore the depressed cellular immunity in immunosuppressed children with malignant disease, and has its value as a supportive immunotherapy in life-threatening disseminated varicella infection.
 ...
PMID:Thymic hormone (THF) therapy in immunosuppressed children with lymphoproliferative neoplasia and generalized varicella. 26 20

This brief review of abdominal emergencies is by no means encyclopedic. Indeed, it simply reflects the multiplicity of problems that can occur and suggests the need for a high index of suspicion and an optimistic attitude toward their solution. In addition, the surgeon must keep in mind the fact that cancer patients may also suffer acute abdominal distress from extra-abdominal causes such as pneumonia, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and hematologic abnormalities such as porphyria or sickle cell anemia. Inflammatory bowel disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, acute hepatitis or other similar problems more commonly seen in general hospital populations may also develop. Consultations for an acute condition of the abdomen in patients receiving marrow-suppressing chemotherapy are challenging problems and repeated examination every few hours is required to detect subtle changes. Hypovolemia, sepsis, confusion and unexplained metabolic acidosis may be the only criteria for surgical exploration. An unnecessary operation in a leukopenic and thrombocytopenic patient is indeed risky, but failure to drain an occult abscess or resect a perforated segment of bowel is always lethal. An additional consideration is the likelihood of response to further treatment of the underlying disease. Unless further effective therapy is unavailable, pessimism is unwarranted.
 ...
PMID:Abdominal emergencies. 31 58

Chest roentgenograms obtained in the first two days of life from 67 infants with respiratory distress were reviewed to determine whether the radiographic features of group B streptococcal septicemia were diagnostic or distinctive. The retrospective review contained 24 infants with proven and 14 with suspected septicemia, as well as 29 patients with other causes of respiratory distress. The films were reviewed in random order by two pediatric radiologists without their prior knowledge of clinical or laboratory data. Typical radiographic appearance of pneumonia was present in only ten of the 24 proven and two of the 14 suspected cases of group B streptococcal sepsis. The radiographic pattern of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was just as common among these patients. The most prominent associated radiographic feature of infants with proven septicemia was cardiomegaly which was significantly increased when compared with infants who had other causes of respiratory distress (P less than .001). X-ray recognition of neonatal group B streptococcal septicemia is limited because of superimposition of roentgen patterns probably related to associated disorders. Pediatrics, 59:1006-1011, 1977, NEWBRON, SEPTICEMIA, GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS.
 ...
PMID:Radiographic findings in early onset neonatal group b streptococcal septicemia. 32 89

Mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pre-sure (PEEP) is widely used to treat ventilatory failure complicating pulmonary infection. The present experiment was carried out to test the hypothesis that PEEP is beneficial in an experimental model of canine pneumonia studied for 24 hours. Sixteen mongrel dogs were assigned to ventilation with either zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) or 10 cm H2O PEEP. Pneumonia was induced in half of each group by intratracheal inoculation with Pseudomonas. Tissues for quantitative bacteriology and pathology were obtained at the time of death at 24 hours. Three of four infected-ZEEP dogs died before 24 hours. The geometrical mean of quantitative bacterial counts from infected-ZEEP lobes was 2.0 X 10(6) (+/-3.9) (organisms/gm of tissue), while the mean of the infected-PEEP lobes was 1.7 X 10(4) (+/-3.6) (p less than 0.05). Semiquantitative pathology scores indicated greater injury to the ZEEP-infected than to the PEEP-infected lungs. Quantitative bacteriology and microscopic evidence of parenchymal injury were positively correlated. Thus PEEP-treated animals had lower quantitative bacterial counts, less microscopic pulmonary damage, and improved survival. The advantage conferred by PEEP may be due to facilitation of local mechanisms of pulmonary defense against infection, to increased systemic resistance to sepsis, or to both.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative bacteriology and pathology of the lung in experimental Pseudomonas pneumonia treated with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). 32 99


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>