Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mortality from neonatal meningitis due to gram-negative microorganisms remains 50% despite use of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Blood was obtained on 238 occasions from 77 neonates with putative or documented sepsis; paired blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained on 14 occasions from ten neonates with meningitis. Kanamycin and gentamicin were measured by a radioisotopic assay procedure. Kanamycin was administered at 15 mg/kg/day in three divided doses intravenously; serum concentrations peaked at one hour (mean, 7.77mug/ml). Gentamicin was administered at 7.5 mg/kg/day in three divided doses intravenously; serum concentrations peaked at two hours (mean, 5.34mug/ml). Both aminoglycosides generally were nondetectable within the CSF; survival of neonates with gram-negative meningitis correlated specifically with the sensitivity of their isolates to ampicillin which was administered concurrently. This study suggests that alternative approaches to the treatment of neonatal sepsis should be explored; administration of an antibiotic which crosses the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier more readily should be considered.
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PMID:Kanamycin and gentamicin treatment of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. 110 75

A 58 year old Chinese male, one week after arriving in Canada from Hong Kong, presented with acute abdominal pain and diarrhoea which was rapidly followed by Escherichia coli infection causing septicaemia and meningitis. His past history revealed bronchial asthma for 15 years treated with steroids. At laparotomy, 7 days after the onset of symptoms, he was found to have extensive haemorrhagic infarction of the small bowel and right colon. Examination of the fibrosed mesenteric vessels revealed numerous filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis, within the walls, and in all layers of bowel wall. The role of the parasite in the production of obliterative arteritis in this fatal case of haemorrhagic enteropathy is discussed. Clinical strongyloidiasis, in uncomplicated cases, varies from mild to severe with gastroenteritis, nausea, colicky abdominal pain, electrolyte imbalance and symptoms of malabsorption syndrome (MARCIAL-ROJAS, 1971). In malnourished individuals and patients with debilitating infections, either newly acquired or asymptomatic latent infection with S. stercoralis can assume severe dimensions (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). Similarly, in patients on steroid (CRUZ et al., 1966; WILLIS and MWOKOLO, 1966; NEEFE et al., 1973) and immunosuppressive therapy for lymphomatous diseases or deficient in immune response (ROGERS and NELSON, 1966; RIVERA et al., 1970), systemic strongyloidiasis is often fatal. The increased frequency of auto-infection in such patients with a breached immune barrier is, however, unclear. Further complications of this infection due to severe enterocolitis result in sepsis, bacteraemia and meningitis (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). This paper presents a fatal case of S. stercoralis infection which illustrates an uncommon if not unique, mechanism in its production of haemorrhagic enteropathy leading to sepsis and death.
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PMID:Fatal bowel infarction and sepsis: an unusual complication of systemic strongyloidiasis. 122 84

The use of external ventriculostomy at our institution has been retrospectively analyzed to determine the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid sepsis. Placement of 65 ventriculostomies over a 2-year period resulted in three cases of complicating meningitis and ventriculitis (4.5%). Duration of ventriculostomy placement did not seem related to the rate of infection but the method of placement, the prophylactic antibiotics used, and the monitoring and collecting system employed may be important.
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PMID:Infections complicating the use of external ventriculostomy. 126 16

The pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis are common diseases of GBS infection in infants. There are early-onset and late-onset types in this disease, the result of the infection is unknown. M. Sugiyama reported that M9 is a new type of GBS in Japan in 1989. Analysis of GBS typing and serum specific antibody concentrations of the type are simple with new technics. By studying the infants' contamination we discovered that GBS appeared to originate from mother-infant sources. The infants were followed for a year. 52% of the infants had GBS contamination in their throat or stool. The most common type was Ia, followed by III, JM9 and NT6. Those types without III type had been present for more than 9 months in the infant. The contamination term of Ia or III type in infants correlated with the blood specific antibody concentration of the type.
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PMID:[Maternal carriage and vertical transmission of group B Streptococcus (GBS)]. 129 21

Two cases of pneumococcal sepsis, meningitis and unilateral endophthalmitis after total splenectomy are described. The first patient, a 9-year-old girl, had severe panuveitis complicated by traction retinal detachment, eventually requiring vitrectomy. Due to large chorioretinal scars the visual recovery was poor. Minor residual neurological signs remained. The second patient, a 39-year-old man, showed endophthalmitis of the right eye. The recovery of the pneumococcal meningitis was complicated by severe neurological impairment. The right eye progressed to phthisis bulbi. The importance of early recognition of postsplenectomy sepsis (PSS) is emphasised since the survival rate is poor and the risk of visual loss high.
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PMID:Endogenous pneumococcal endophthalmitis after splenectomy: report of two cases. 130 44

During 1967 to 1985, three cases of listeriosis were reported in Algeria; at that time Listeria monocytogenes caused several thousand cases of meningitis and sepsis in the world. In order to determine the frequency and bacteriologic characteristics of strain isolated in Algeria, a prospective investigation was carried from 1985 to 1989 in humans and animals samples. Sensitivity tests to antibiotics (MIC) point out that all isolates strains are resistant to cephalosporins (first and third generation), but are susceptible to Ampicillin and Gentamicin which ought to constitute the treatment basis of listeriosis.
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PMID:[Prospective study of Listeria in humans and animals]. 130 33

The type-specific polysaccharide capsule of group B streptococcus (GBS) is thought to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of disease. We used an acutely instrumented piglet model to assess the hemodynamic effects of rapid infusions of two heat-killed GBS type Ib strains isolated from the spinal fluid of an infant with late-onset meningitis and from the vaginal culture of his mother. These strains expressed different amounts of capsule, as determined by buoyant density centrifugation and electron micrographs, and they produced different hemodynamic effects in the piglets. The mother's strain, which had a smaller capsule, caused significantly higher increases in pulmonary artery pressure and vascular resistance than did the infant's strain, which had a larger capsule. Transposon mutants were then made from the infant's isolate to further study the role of capsule in pulmonary hypertension. Two mutants lacking detectable capsular type-specific polysaccharide were compared with the original isolate and with an isogenic mutant containing transposons but having a large capsule. The nonencapsulated mutants caused significantly higher changes in pulmonary artery pressure and resistance than did the encapsulated strains. Pulmonary hypertension may play a role in the pathophysiology of GBS sepsis, but the presence of a large capsule may partially cloak the hemodynamically active component(s) of the bacteria. The lower initial host response to heavily encapsulated GBS may play a role in pathogenesis by helping the organisms avoid host defense mechanisms.
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PMID:Role of capsule in pulmonary hypertension induced by group B streptococcus. 131 21

A favourable outcome of a severe Cambylobacter fetus sepsis in a neonate is reported. The transmission was probably vertical. His mother experienced diarrhoea 15 days before birth. No infecting organism was isolated from maternal stools, but maternal antibody response was significant. Such a perinatal infection with meningitis and septicemia is uncommon. Bacteriological diagnosis requires an enriched medium and a long incubation. The diagnosis should be evoked in view of an anamnestic context, a negative culture or a resistance to antimicrobial drugs.
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PMID:[Neonatal Campylobacter fetus septicemia: a case secondary to maternal-fetal contamination]. 131 39

Escherichia coli strains are able to cause intestinal (enteritis, diarrhoeal diseases) and extraintestinal (urinary tract infections, sepsis, meningitis) infections. Most pathogenic E. coli strains produce specific fimbrial adhesins, which represent essential colonization factors: intestinal E. coli strains very often carry transferable plasmids with gene clusters specific for fimbrial adhesins, like K88 and K99, or colonization factor antigens (CFA) I and II. In contrast, the fimbrial gene clusters of extraintestinal E. coli strains, such as P, S, or F1C fimbriae, are located on the chromosomes. The fimbrial adhesin complexes consist of major and minor subunit proteins. Their binding specificity can generally be assayed in hemagglutination tests. In the case of fimbrial adhesins of intestinal E. coli strains, the major subunit proteins preferentially represent the hemagglutinating adhesins, whereas minor subunit proteins are the hemagglutinins of extraintestinal E. coli strains. Recently "alternative" adhesin proteins were identified, which have the capacity to bind to eukaryotic structures different from the receptors of the erythrocytes. Fimbrial adhesins are not constitutively expressed but are stringently regulated on the molecular level. Extraintestinal E. coli wild-type strains normally carry three or more fimbrial adhesin determinants, which have the capacity to influence the expression of one another (cross talk). Furthermore the fimbrial gene clusters undergo phase variation, which seems to be important for their contribution to pathogenesis of E. coli.
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PMID:Role of fimbrial adhesins in the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli infections. 135 8

We investigated the ability of meconium, feces from human milk-fed (HMF) newborns, and feces from formula-fed (FF) newborns to inhibit adhesion of S-fimbriated E. coli to human buccal epithelial cells. S-fimbriae are a common property of E. coli strains causing sepsis and meningitis in neonates. Meconium had the highest content of neuraminic acid and the strongest inhibitory effect on bacterial adhesion. HMF also exerted high inhibitory activity while FF was markedly less active: To achieve inhibitory effects comparable to HMF a sixfold amount of FF was required. Glycoproteins from excretions were separated by gel chromatography. Fractions obtained were analyzed for adhesion-inhibiting activity. In all excretions analyzed, the mucin-containing fraction could be identified as the major inhibitory component. Inhibition was probably mediated by specific interaction of this fraction with S-fimbriae, as shown by binding of isolated fimbriae on Western blots after electrophoretic separation of glycoproteins. In conclusion, our data support the view that the mucin-containing fraction from meconium and human milk exerts antibacterial functions by preventing adhesin-mediated binding of pathogenic bacteria to mucosal epithelia.
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PMID:Inhibition of adhesion of S-fimbriated Escherichia coli to epithelial cells by meconium and feces of breast-fed and formula-fed newborns: mucins are the major inhibitory component. 135 27


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