Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 27 children with various bacterial infections. The episodes of infections included pneumonia (6 cases), bronchopneumonia (11 cases), lung abscess (1 case), acute pharyngitis (2 cases), cervical lymphadenitis (1 case), infected cephalohematoma (1 case), urinary tract infection (1 case), sepsis (2 cases) and purulent meningitis (2 cases). CDZM was effective in all but one, and its efficacy rate was 96.3%. The main etiologic pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Branhamella catarrhalis. The elimination rate was 92.3%. As adverse reactions or abnormalities, diarrhea was encountered in 4 cases. A slight elevation of serum transaminases or eosinophils was observed in 4 cases. The serum half-life was approximately 1.8-1.9 hours in children after intravenous bolus injections. Concentrations of CDZM in cerebrospinal fluids were well above MIC values of CDZM against those organisms responsible for the infections. The data suggest that CDZM is a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with bacterial infections including purulent meningitis.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic study on cefodizime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in the pediatric infections]. 279 54

The clinical manifestations of patients with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) bacteremia presenting to an urban children's hospital were reviewed. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from blood cultures from 17 children over a three-year period. Systemic illnesses that may have predisposed these children to GAS bacteremia were identified in seven patients: preceding varicella infection (four patients) or malignant neoplasm/immunosuppressive therapy (three patients). Possible sources of GAS included compromised integument (seven patients), the oropharynx (six patients), or the lower respiratory tract (two patients). The clinical manifestations of GAS sepsis included the following: fever (15 patients); arthritis or arthralgias (four patients); cellulitis (three patients); maculopapular eruption (one patient); petechial or pustular exanthems (three patients); osteomyelitis (two patients); cervical adenitis (one patient); empyema (one patient); and meningitis with multiple brain abscesses (one patient). Two patients died of apparent overwhelming GAS sepsis while at home. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia can present with a wide range of clinical manifestations and cause mild to fulminant disease in children.
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PMID:Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci as a cause of bacteremia in children. 329 24

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new parenteral oxacephem antibiotic was investigated for its clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Twenty-eight patients were treated with 39-152 mg/kg per day of FMOX by intravenous administration. Diagnosis of patients were pneumonia in 15 patients, acute upper respiratory tract infection in 5, acute enterocolitis in 3, urinary tract infection in 2 and cholangitis, suppurative lymphadenitis and suspicious sepsis in 1 patient each. Clinical effect was excellent in 7 cases, good in 8, fair in 5, poor in 2 and 6 cases were excluded because therapy periods were too short and other antibiotics were used together. Efficacy rate was 68% and the rate of bacterial disappearance was 83%. 2. Rash was found in 5 cases and thrombocytosis was found in 1 out of 28 cases. However, no severe adverse reaction was encountered. 3. The peak serum level of FMOX was 51.0 micrograms/ml after 20 mg/kg of drip infusion for 30 minutes and the half-life was 17.2 minutes in alpha-phase and 58.2 minutes in beta-phase.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetics evaluation of flomoxef in pediatrics]. 343 Jul 19

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a newly semisynthesized cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activities of CZON against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and H. influenzae were compared with those of cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefazolin (CEZ). CZON was nearly as active as CEZ against S. aureus and S. epidermidis and superior to other antibiotics against other Gram-positive cocci. Against Gram-negative rods, CZON was as active as CMX and superior to other 5 antibiotics compared. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CZON at doses of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for 5 minutes in 1, 5 and 4 cases, respectively, were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON at these dose levels were 11.0, 43.8 and 111.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 2.4, 10.3 and 30.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 0.17, 0.72 and 1.28 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives of 1.79, 0.88 and 1.19 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates within 6 hours after administration were 47.9, 56.3 and 40.3%, respectively. Thirty-four pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 14, pyothorax 1, sepsis 1, suppurative lymphadenitis 1, UTI 13 and enteritis 1) were treated with CZON at a daily dose of 40-94 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d.. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 94.1%. No adverse reactions were observed except 2 cases with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also mild; slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 2, eosinophilia in 1 and thrombocytosis in 1. These results clearly indicate the usefulness of CZON in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam in the field of pediatrics]. 359 89

Cefmenoxime, an investigational semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated in 18 pediatric patients with a variety of infections. There were seven patients with urinary tract infections, two with wound infections, two with osteomyelitis, two with abscess infections, one with cervical adenitis, one with hidradenitis, one with pneumonia and sepsis, one with periorbital cellulitis, and one with ventriculitis. A total of 16 (88%) patients had a satisfactory clinical response demonstrated by improvement in clinical signs and symptoms. A total of 12 (67%) patients demonstrated eradication of their infecting organisms. Of the pathogens isolated in these patients, 16 isolates were susceptible to cefmenoxime. One patient developed a generalized urticarial rash that resolved within 24 h after cessation of cefmenoxime therapy. Mean peak level in serum after intravenous infusion was 55 micrograms/ml.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy and safety of cefmenoxime in children. 386 30

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed as follows on aztreonam (AZT), a new monobactam antibiotic. Pharmacokinetics Serum concentrations of AZT were measured in 1 patient given 20 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection. The peak concentration was 100 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, and T 1/2 was 1.85 hours. Clinical efficacy AZT was administrated intravenously to 10 patients in doses of 59.2-170.7 mg/kg (average 76.1 mg/kg) t.i.d. for 3-8 days (average 5.3 days); 5 with pneumonia, 1 with bronchitis, 1 with lymphadenitis, 1 with sepsis (suspected) and 2 with urinary tract infections. The overall efficacy rate was 80%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 5, good in 3, fair in 1 and poor in 1. Bacteriological efficacy was excellent, i.e., 4 of 4 Gram-negative strains disappeared. Any clinical side effects and laboratory abnormalities were not observed. The above results suggest that AZT is a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric bacterial infections, especially due to Gram-negative bacteria.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on aztreonam in the pediatric field]. 409 67

Ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX), a new parenteral cephalosporin, was used for pediatric infections and the following results were obtained. CTRX was administered twice daily by intravenous injection with about 20 mg/kg in 6 cases consisting of 2 cases with purulent lymphadenitis of the neck, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with sepsis and pyelonephritis and 1 with sepsis and purulent lymphadenitis of the neck. The result was excellent in 4 and good in 2. One case with H. influenzae meningitis, receiving 50 mg/kg CTRX by intravenous injection twice daily, showed an excellent response without having any sequela. Among those mentioned above, diarrhea in 2 cases and elevated GOT and GPT in 2 were observed, all of which were transitory and not serious. The blood level of CTRX at 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after intravenous injection with 20 mg/kg to a girl of 8 years and 8 months of age with urinary tract infection was 114, 86, 70, 42, 29 and 21.8 micrograms/ml, respectively. The half-life time was 3.5 hours while the urinary recovery rate up to 6 hours was 58.0%. The concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 case with H. influenzae meningitis ranged from 2.1 to 8.2 micrograms/ml at 3 hours after administration and from 1.15 to 2.65 micrograms/ml after about 12 hours (prior to the next administration). The above-mentioned results suggest that CTRX is a new antibiotic useful for pediatric infections caused with susceptible bacteria and is effective by intravenous injection with 10 mg/kg twice daily for moderate infections and with 20 mg/kg twice daily for severe ones, except for meningitis. As for purulent meningitis, the administration dosage and frequency will have to be further examined based on the intravenous injection with 50 mg/kg twice daily.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation on ceftriaxone in the field of pediatrics]. 609 7

The basic and clinical studies of cefotiam (CTM) in pediatric infections were carried out, and the following results were obtained: 1. The antibacterial activity of CTM against S. aureus was equal or slightly less than that of cefazolin (CEZ). Those of CTM against E. coli and K. pneumoniae were eight times more active than those of CEZ. 2. CTM 20 mg/kg was administered wither by 30 minutes or 1 hour intravenous drip infusion. The peak serum levels were obtained at the end of each drip infusion, with the mean peak levels being 44.8 and 41.4 mcg/ml respectively. The serum levels at 1.5 and 2 hours after drip infusion were 2.8 and 2.2 mcg/ml respectively, and at 3.5 and 4 hours after drip and 4 hours after drip infusion were 0.3 and 0.7 mcg/ml respectively. The half lives were 0.62 and 1.15 hours, respectively. The mean urinary excretion over 6 hours were 52.8% in ;the 30 minutes drip infusion group and 42.6% in the 1 hour drip infusion group. 3. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in sixteen cases suffering from tonsillitis (4 cases), pneumonia (4), bronchitis (2), cervical lymphadenitis (2), purulent meningitis (2), suppurative arthritis (1) and suspected sepsis (1). Good and excellent responses were obtained in 15 of 16 cases (93.8%). Bacteriological response in the form of eradication was noted in 4 of 6 cases. Side effect observed was rash in 1 case, and laboratory abnormalities were elevation of BUN in 1 case and elevation of GPT in 2 cases.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies of cefotiam in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 Apr 19

Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in children led to the following results. 1. Ceftizoxime compared favorably with cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ) for in vitro activity against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus (31 strains), Escherichia coli (29), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16). While somewhat less active against S. aureus than CEZ and CMZ, ceftizoxime was far more active than these 2 cephalosporin antibiotics against the test strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which included strains resistant to the 2 drugs. Ceftizoxime was not particularly active against Ps. aeruginosa, but this seeming disadvantage was offset by the absolute ineffectiveness of the 2 reference drugs on this obstinate organism. 2. The time course of mean serum ceftizoxime levels in 3 pediatric patients of 5--10 years old given a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg was as follows: 45.4 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 40.4 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 22.1 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 10.4 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 2.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 0.9 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The mean serum half life was 1.12 hours. The mean urinary levels of ceftizoxime at serial 2-hour collection intervals were as follows: 2,477 micrograms/ml for 1--2 hours, 1,235 micrograms/ml for 2--4 hours and 462 micrograms/ml for 4--6 hours. The mean urinary recovery up to 6 hours was 61.0%. 3. The clinical response of 28 children with infection to ceftizoxime treatment was 'excellent' in 22 children, 'good' in 4, and 'poor' in 2. These children comprised 11 with acute pneumonia, 3 with acute bronchitis, 4 with acute pyelonephritis, 2 each with acute purulent arthritis and acute enterocolitis, and 1 each with acute purulent tonsillitis, acute purulent lymphadenitis, furunculosis, subcutaneous abscess, subdural abscess and sepsis. The overall rate of effectiveness was 92.9%. Successfully eradicated strains in the bacteriological sense consisted of 4 strains each of H. influenzae and E. coli, 1 strain each of P. morganii, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, 1 of the 2 strains of S. enteritidis, and 1 of the 3 strains of S. aureus. The overall rate of bacteriological effectiveness was 81.3%. No clinical side effects were observed. Changes in laboratory test findings included slightly and transiently elevated GOT and GPT in 1 child and GOT alone in another child.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 13

The therapeutic effects of cefmenoxime (CMX), a new synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, were examined in the treatment of various pediatric infections. Patients treated were infants and children ranging from one-month-old to 13-year-old suffering from pharyngitis in 2 cases, bronchopneumonia in 3 cases, cervical lymphadenitis in 2 cases, urinary tract infections in 7 cases, tympanitis in 2 cases, suppurative meningitis, sepsis, subcutaneous apostem, acute enteritis, chest wall apostem, phlegmon, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in 1 case each, a total of 23 cases. As regards method of administration, CMX from a vial was dissolved in physiological saline or distilled water for injection, and the solution was administered by 3 to 5 minutes one short intravenous injection (14 cases), or CMX was diluted with large volume parenteral product and administered by 30 to 60 minutes drip infusion (9 cases). The dosage of the drug was 30 to 200 mg/kg/day; 103 mg/kg/day and under in 21 cases, 150 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day in 1 case each. The administration was continued for 3 to 27 days. As regards clinical efficacy, "good" or "excellent" results were obtained in all the cases except 2 cases, one was alpha-Streptococcus acute tympanitis supervening neuroblastoma, and the other was Pseudomonas urinary tract infection. The efficacy rate was 91.3% with excellent in 11 cases, good in 10 cases. As regards bacteriological effects, of 13 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 10 strains were eliminated and 3 strains were not changed, while of 10 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, 8 strains were eliminated and 2 strains were reduced; thus CMX showed better results against Gram-negative bacteria rather than against Gram-positive ones. The antimicrobial activity of CMX against Gram-positive bacteria was inferior to those of CTM and CEZ, but CMX showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. No clinical side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings obviously attributable to CMX were observed.
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PMID:[Therapeutic effects of cefmenoxime in the treatment of various infections on infants and children]. 630 39


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