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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 31-year-old man, who had undergone splenectomy 18 months previously because of hereditary spherocytosis, suddenly became ill, with fever, vomiting, epigastric pain and shock, and died 10 hours after the onset of his symptoms. Autopsy showed influenzal viremia, pneumococcemia and bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. The rapid course of the patient's illness emphasizes the serious risk of sepsis for individuals who have had a splenectomy. Anti-influenza immunization in such patients should be considered.
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PMID:Postsplenectomy sepsis due to influenzal viremia and pneumococcemia. 0 5

The occurrence of sepsis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenza and of herpes zoster (HZ) was reviewed in a series of 72 consecutive, previously untreated children and adolescents with Hodgkin disease. There was not a statistically significant difference in the risk of developing sepsis within five years of diagnosis between patients who had (16.6%) or had not (6.2%) undergone splenectomy. Sepsis occurred most frequently among patients treated initially with total nodal irradiation and combination chemotherapy. The estimated risk of HZ during the first five years after diagnosis was 34%. Patients treated initially with irradiation and combination chemotherapy had a significantly greater risk of developing HZ than patients treated initially with only irradiation (P less than 0.05). Although trends were present which suggested that splenectomy and the extent of disease at diagnosis may influence the occurrence of HZ, these did not achieve statistical significance. Survival was not influenced by the occurrence of HZ.
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PMID:The incidence of post-splenectomy sepsis and herpes zoster in children and adolescents with Hodgkin disease. 31 50

Septicemic melioidosis in association with acute influenza A was diagnosed in a Vietnam veteran. The case illustrates that activation of melioidosis can occur long after exposure to a known endemic area and may be precipitated by infections with other common pathogens. Hence, physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion of melioidosis when dealing with unexplained sepsis in Vietnam veterans. Prolonged therapy with appropriate antimicrobial agents is needed to eradicate this infection.
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PMID:Septicemic melioidosis. Occurrence following acute influenza A six years after exposure in Vietnam. 67 9

Analysis is made of the results of the reduction program of infantile mortality which began in 1970. Said reduction dropped from 38.7 in 1970 to 22.8 per thousand live births in 1976, for a diminution of 41.5%. The early neonatal decreased from 18.2 to 12.3 per thousand live births for a drop of 32.7%. The late noenatal decreased from 5.3 to 2.30/100 live births with 57.2% reduction and the postneonatal dropped from 15.2 to 8.2 per thousand live births for a diminution of 46.5%. Infantile mortality is reported for the different departments and the order in which the main causes of death are grouped is stressed as follows; 1st, perinatal affections (B43-B44); 2nd, congenital anomalies (B42); 3rd, influenza and pneumonia (B31-B32); 4th, enteritis and other acute diarrheal diseases (B4) AND 5th, sepsis (A21). The average number of puericulture office visits per infant under 1 year of age increased from 2.7 to 6.7. Institutional births increased from 93.3 to 97.8%. The steps taken to achieve these results are described.
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PMID:[Infant mortality in cuba; analysis of a program for its reduction (1970-1976)]. 68 27

An outbreak of influenza A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) involving five infants in a neonatal intensive care unit is described. The clinical signs and symptoms were indistinguishable from those seen in bacterial sepsis. There was no evidence of meningoencephalitis. All infants recovered without any sequelae.
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PMID:Outbreak of influenza in a neonatal intensive care unit. 92 33

Six selected cases with neonatal and fetal cochlear pathology are presented. Those denoting cochlear sepsis are: H. influenza purulent labyrinthitis, cytomegalovirus endolabyrinthitis, and aseptic meningitis and labyrinthitis. Those denoting cochlear neural aplasia are Goldenhar's syndrome, left-sided cardiac hypoplasia with partial basal turn neural aplasia, and cerebral cortical and ventricular hemorrhage with modiolar extension. These findings are compared to the fluorocitrate ototoxicity model for neural deafness in the guinea pig. This study suggests hypotheses for viral trophism in the inner ear and neural degeneration of the cochlea as mechanisms for sensorineural deafness.
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PMID:Histopathologic and experimental models for sensory and neural deafness. 99 43

Acemannan, a complex carbohydrate shown to stimulate interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha and prostaglandin E2 production by macrophages, has also demonstrated antiviral activity in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus, Newcastle disease virus and influenza virus. A pilot study was undertaken to determine acemannan's effect in 49 feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infected cats with clinical signs of disease (Stage 3, 4 or 5), 23 of which had severe lymphopenia. Cats received acemannan either by intravenous (Group 1) or subcutaneous (Group 2) injection once weekly for 12 weeks, or by daily oral (Group 3) administration for 12 weeks. Upon entry into the study, cats were randomly assigned to one of the three groups. Laboratory analyses were performed at the beginning of the study and at Weeks 6 and 12. Cats were allowed to continue with a predetermined maintenance regimen of acemannan after completing the 12-week study. Thirteen cats died during the course of treatment. Upon necropsy, the most frequent histopathologic findings were neoplastic, kidney and pancreatic disease. Friedman's two-way ANOVA test showed no significant differences in efficacy among groups administered acemannan by the different routes. Therefore, groups were combined and a signed-ranks test was used to determine changes over time. A significant increase was seen in lymphocyte counts (P < 0.001). Neutrophil counts decreased significantly (P = 0.007), as did incidence of sepsis (P = 0.008). When cats entering with lymphopenia were analyzed separately, a much greater increase in lymphocyte counts was noted (235%) compared with non-lymphopenic cats (42%). A survival rate of 75% was found for all three groups. Thirty-six of 49 animals are alive 5-19 months post-entry. These results suggest that acemannan therapy may be of significant benefit in FIV-infected cats exhibiting clinical signs of disease.
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PMID:Pilot study of the effect of acemannan in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. 133 96

At the height of the United Kingdom influenza A epidemic in December 1989, three children receiving treatment for non-T cell acute leukaemia developed pancytopenia with concomitant influenza A infection. Bone marrow histology showed prominent marrow erythrophagocytosis by morphologically mature histiocytes, consistent with the picture of virus associated haemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS). In two cases there was an initial spontaneous recovery, though recurrence of VAHS developed in one case in association with a different viral infection (cytomegalovirus) following autologous bone marrow transplantation. The third child died from cardiorespiratory failure secondary to infection with influenza A and Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis. It is suggested that influenza A should be added to the list of infective causative agents.
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PMID:Influenza A and the virus associated haemophagocytic syndrome: cluster of three cases in children with acute leukaemia. 203 Jan 47

Listeria monocytogenes can cause sepsis and meningitis during the neonatal period. Six cases of early onset neonatal sepsis caused by Listeria monocytogenes are reported here. These cases were diagnosed in a private hospital at Santiago, Chile from December 1984 throughout November 1986. The incidence rate was 1.4 x 1,000 liveborns. Clinical findings included prematurity (6), meconium stained amniotic fluid (6), hepatomegaly (6), splenomegaly (6), maculopapular exanthem (4), anal prolapse (3) and meningitis (1). Additionally 5 patients developed respiratory distress and 4 required ventilatory support. Overall mortality was 50% (3/6). All deaths were related to respiratory failure and occurred during the first week of disease. All patients received ampicillin and amikacin early in the course of their infection. Listeriosis of the newborn infant might be preventable by prompt recognition and treatment of maternal infections. Since Listeria infection in pregnancy is usually mild and symptoms and signs are nonspecific, prevention may be difficult. Pregnant women with fever of no clear origin or with an influenza like syndrome should be screened for listeriosis with cultures from blood, vagina and cervix samples.
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PMID:[Early onset neonatal septicemia caused by Listeria monocytogenes]. 215 19

A prospective study was conducted to determine the frequency and distribution of bacterial and viral pathogens in infants hospitalized with suspected sepsis and to evaluate the potential of virus detection for improving patient management. A causative organism was detected in 157 (67%) of 233 previously healthy infants less than 3 months of age, who had been hospitalized for suspected sepsis: 19 (8%) had bacterial infections, 135 (58%) had viral infections, and 3 (1%) had mixed viral-bacterial infections. Viral infections occurred in a seasonal pattern: enteroviruses were responsible for most of the hospitalizations during summer and fall (65/110; 63%) and respiratory syncytial and influenza A viruses were responsible for most of the infections during winter (44/81; 55%). In contrast, bacterial infections were not seasonally distributed. Virus was detected in 33% of the 138 infected infants within 24 hours, and in 64% within 3 days. We conclude that viral infections are prevalent among infants hospitalized for suspected sepsis, and most can be detected early enough to influence patient management.
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PMID:Epidemiology and laboratory diagnosis of infection with viral and bacterial pathogens in infants hospitalized for suspected sepsis. 254 31


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