Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Samuel Pepys, as a young man, developed a bladder stone and, by the age of 25 years, realised that only surgery could deliver him from his agony. The chances of success in an age that was ignorant of sepsis were slender, but he opted for surgery. The operation, carried out through the perineum without anaesthetic by a master barber surgeon, was successful and Pepys survived. Although left sterile, he was far from impotent and he went on to achieve fame and fortune as Secretary to the Navy and President of the Royal Society. His greatest fame came after his death with the publication of his diary, which was to become one of the best known and best loved books in the language.
 ...
PMID:Samuel Pepys and his bladder stone. 146 56

Between July 1973 and October 1984, we performed proctectomy either as part of a primary proctocolectomy or as a secondary staged procedure in 388 patients with ulcerative colitis and in 39 patients with Crohn's disease. The proctectomies were performed using a two-team synchronous approach. An intersphincteric or perimuscular technique was employed. All perineal wounds were closed and drained by suction drainage and the pelvic peritoneum was closed in all cases. Two patients died in the early postoperative period, one from a pulmonary embolus and one from sepsis. Three patients had to be reexplored for postoperative hemorrhage, in all cases from a branch of the superior hemorrhoidal artery. Postoperative perineal hematoma developed in two patients and perineal abscess developed in four patients which necessitated opening of the perineal skin wound. Nonhealing of the perineal wound occurred in 3 of 388 patients with ulcerative colitis and in 5 of 39 patients with Crohn's disease. No perineal dehiscence or hernias were seen. Postoperatively, one man was permanently impotent and two had prolonged but temporary impotence. Three patients had retrograde ejaculation at last follow-up.
 ...
PMID:Proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease. 348 10

One hundred eighty-eight patients undergoing abdominal colectomy with distal mucosal proctectomy and endorectal ileal pouch-anal anastomosis were reviewed to assess long-term functional results and to identify factors that might influence them. There was no postoperative mortality, but 10 patients (5.3%) required permanent ileostomy because of postoperative complications or the development of unsuspected Crohn's disease. Immediate postoperative complications, including pelvic sepsis, small bowel obstruction requiring surgery, anastomotic stricture, and ileostomy dysfunction, were observed in 11%, 9%, 14% and 9% of patients, respectively. No males were impotent but nine (9%) developed retrograde ejaculation. Pouchitis occurred in 8% of patients. Among 157 patients assessed at least 60 days after ileostomy closure (mean +/- SD, 375 +/- 216 days), all evacuated their neorectum spontaneously, and stool frequency was 6.0 +/- 2.6 daily and 1.2 +/- 1.3 nightly. While continence was generally good, 2.5% of patients during waking hours and 4.5% during sleep had occasional frank soilage. Moreover, seepage was noted in 25 and 47% of patients during daytime and nighttime, respectively. Both stool frequency and degree of continence improved with time. Patients less than 50 years of age and those with polyposis coli had fewer stools and better continence than those older than 50 or those with ulcerative colitis. It is concluded that ileal "J" pouch-anal anastomosis can be performed safely and will provide acceptable anorectal function without late deterioration.
 ...
PMID:Ileal "J" pouch-anal anastomosis. Clinical outcome. 407 86

A 58-year-old man with dizziness and unsteady gait had a 10-year history of behavioral change, impotence, and a progressive peripheral neuropathy. CT revealed low-density, contrast-enhancing lesions in the right pontine tegmentum and the right medial temporal lobe. Temporal lobe biopsy contained a collection of mature histiocytes, with PAS-positive rod-shaped inclusions. These inclusions, when studied by electronmicroscopy, were seen to be membrane-bound bacilliform bodies. Peroral jejunal biopsy contained no such inclusions. Despite treatment with antibiotics, the patient's neurologic illness progressed, and he succumbed to intercurrent sepsis. We believe this to be the first instance in which a lesion of Whipple disease has been identified within the CNS by CT scan, and the diagnosis made antemortem, in the absence of demonstrable systemic disease.
 ...
PMID:Whipple disease of the nervous system. 617 57

A total of 342 benign prostatic hypertrophy patients were treated at the Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital from January 1972 to December 1988. Median duration of operating time was 74.4 minutes, 67 patients (20%) required a blood transfusion and the mean volume of blood per patient transfused was 1019.4 ml. Median post-operative catheter management was 7 days and the median post-operative ward time was 8.6 days. Two patients (0.5%) had a bladder lesion with peritoneal perforation and required a secondary operation for bladder suture. Secondary hemorrhaging return for treatment of clotting was seen in 11 cases (3.2%). Stress incontinence was noted in 11 cases (3.2%). Anterior urethral stricture was noted in 9 cases (2.6%), impotence occurred in only one case (0.3%) and TUR syndrome in 2 (0.6%). There were two post-operative deaths, for a mortality rate of 0.6 percent. The causes of death were sepsis in one patient and acute renal failure in the other.
 ...
PMID:[Complications of transurethral resection of prostate]. 769 73

We assessed the clinical characteristics of newly-diagnosed diabetic patients presenting to the Mulago Hospital Diabetic Clinic for the first time between 1 January 1993 and 10 August 1994. There were 252 patients: 117 men and 135 women. Mean age at onset of diabetes was 45 years (range 2-87 years) and peak incidence was at 40-49 years. Body mass index (BMI) was available in only 71 patients, of whom 53.5% (33.8% female, 19.7% male) were overweight (BMI > 25 in women, in > 27 men) and 11.3% (8.5% men, 2.8% women) were underweight (BMI < 20). Obesity was more marked in young women. Almost all patients presented with the classical symptoms of diabetes, and the majority were severely hyperglycaemic. A family history of diabetes was identified in 16%. Concurrent illnesses at diagnosis of diabetes were unusual. Sepsis was commonest (11.9%), followed by malaria (7.8%), tuberculosis (1.2%), AIDS (1.2%) and pancreatitis (0.8%). Peripheral neuropathy was present in 46.4% of patients, hypertension (BP > 150/100) in 27.3%, impotence in 22.2% of the men, proteinuria in 17.1%, ischaemic heart disease in 4.8%, foot ulcers in 4.0% and cataracts in 3.2%. Insulin was the most commonly prescribed treatment (52.8%); 31% of patients received oral hypoglycaemic agents, only 15.1% were managed on diet only, and 1.2% opted for herbal medicine.
 ...
PMID:The presentation of newly-diagnosed diabetic patients in Uganda. 891 47

Urologic emergencies are common in the cancer patient and relate mainly to complications of bladder hemorrhage, upper or lower urinary tract obstruction, urinary tract infection, and priapism. Hemorrhagic cystitis is commonly due to bladder injury from radiation therapy, viral infection, or metabolites of chemotherapeutic agents. Treatments aimed at ameliorating the effects of theses metabolites, such as mesna and intravenous (IV) hydration, coupled with cystoscopy, evacuation of clots, and formalin instillation, have given clinicians an effective means of avoiding exsanguinating hemorrhage from the bladder. Malignant ureteral obstruction is an ominous sign in the cancer patient and may be due to tumor compression, retroperitoneal adenopathy, or direct tumor invasion. The endourologic procedures of ureteral stenting and percutaneous nephrostomy are effective means of palliation; however, complications of infection, stent obstruction, and stent migration can result in hospital admission and a decline in quality of life. Median survival for patients with malignant ureteral obstruction is less than 7 months, regardless of the tumor of origin. Bladder outlet obstruction leading to urinary retention can be due to mechanical factors involving the bladder neck or prostate, or to a breakdown in the neurophysiologic function of the bladder. Every attempt is made to avoid surgical intervention or the placement of chronic in-dwelling catheter in these often debilitated patients. Patients are often effectively treated with a variety of pharmacologic agents, such as alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers or by the initiation of chronic intermittent catheterization. Urinary tract infections are particularly dangerous in neutropenic and bone marrow transplant patients, with bladder catheters the most common portal entry. The colonization and later infection by resistant nosocomial organisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, can rapidly lead to life-threatening sepsis. On rare occasions, emergency surgical intervention with adequate open drainage or nephrectomy is required to control such infections. Priapism can be caused by hematologic malignancy with hypercoagulation, metastatic disease involving the corpora cavernosa with thrombosis of the venous outflow from the penis, or rarely from intracavernous injections used for the treatment of impotence. If effective treatment exists for the primary tumor, improvement or resolution of the state of priapism may occur. Radiation therapy may be required to decrease the pain associated with malignant priapism, but surgical shunting procedures are rarely effective.
 ...
PMID:Urologic emergencies in the cancer patient. 1086 17

The free radical nitric oxide (NO) is considered one of the most versatile endogenous molecules and is a crucial signalling molecule in numerous biochemistry pathways of the human body. NO is directly related to pathological processes and plays an important role in many different and interrelated physiological processes. In some cases, a depletion of NO or an attenuation of its effector system could exist as in hypertension, angina and impotence; in others, an overproduction of NO may be a major cause of damage, as in circulatory shock, sepsis, neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory responses. By using certain functional groups present in molecules that already have potential therapeutic value, hybrid compounds, by means of inclusion of NO-donors (e.g., ester nitrates and nitrites, S-nitrosothiols, metal complexes, furoxans, oxadiazoles, diazeniumdiolates and NO nanoparticles), can be developed that have a NO release benefit along with maintaining the activity of the native drug. The objective of the design of NO-donor hybrid compounds is to achieve a balance between the release of therapeutic amounts of NO, especially in the site of action, and maintaining the native drug activity. This review explores some of the most promising recent advances in NO-donor drug development and addresses the challenges associated with NO as a therapeutic agent.
 ...
PMID:Recent Developments in Drug Design of NO-donor Hybrid Compounds. 2966 81