Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Esophageal candidiasis (EC) is the most common type of infectious esophagitis. In the gastrointestinal tract, the esophagus is the second most susceptible to candida infection, only after the oropharynx. Immunocompromised patients are most at risk, including patients with HIV/AIDS, leukemia, diabetics, and those who are receiving corticosteroids, radiation, and chemotherapy. Another group includes those who used antibiotics frequently and those who have esophageal motility disorder (cardiac achalasia and scleroderma). Patients complained of pain on swallowing, difficulty swallowing, and pain behind the sternum. On physical examination, there is a plaque that often occurs together with oral thrush. Endoscopic examination is the best approach to diagnose this disease by directly observing the white mucosal plaque-like lesions and exudates adherent to the mucosa. These adherent lesions cannot be washed off with water from irrigation. This disease is confirmed histologically by taking the biopsy or brushings of yeast and pseudohyphae invading mucosal cells. The treatment is by systemic antifungal drugs given orally in a defined course. It is important to differentiate esophageal candidiasis from other forms of infectious esophagitis such as cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, gastroesophageal reflux disease, medication-induced esophagitis, radiation-induced esophageal injury, and inflammatory conditions such as eosinophilic esophagitis. Except for a few complications such as necrotizing esophageal candidiasis, fistula, and sepsis, the prognosis of esophageal candidiasis has been good.
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PMID:Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis: Current Updates. 3177 27

Intrauterine infections with the pathogens, including toxoplasmosis, other (syphilis, varicella, mumps, parvovirus, and HIV), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex (TORCH) in susceptible individuals during pregnancy, result in microcephaly, white matter disease, cerebral atrophy, and calcifications in the fetus. Pseudo-TORCH syndrome is an umbrella term, consisting of several syndromes, resultant from different genetic alterations and pathogenetic mechanisms. Band-like calcification with simplified gyration and polymicrogyria (BLC-PMG) is one of these conditions, resultant from biallelic mutations in the OCLN gene, located in the chromosome 5q13.2. OCLN gene encodes occludin, a tight junction protein, which is expressed in the endothelia. The absence of occludin in the developing brain subsequently results in abnormal blood-brain barrier, thus immune-cell mediated tissue damage and cortical malformation. Herein, we present a pediatric patient who had progressive microcephaly, spasticity, multi-drug resistant epilepsy, PMG and intracranial band-type calcifications, accompanied by central diabetes insipidus and renal dysfunction. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygote W58Ffs*10 (c.173_194del) frameshift mutation in the OCLN gene. Of 34 BLC-PMG cases with demonstrable OCLN mutations, only three had renal manifestations, which is responsible for the majority of the demises. This is the first case diagnosed as having central diabetes insipidus and responded to desmopressin treatment to the best of our knowledge, however, this clinical improvement could not prevent the patient from renal dysfunction. The patient deceased at four years of age from sepsis, therefore early diagnosis, optimal follow-up for renal involvement and infection prevention measures are necessary for the patients with BLC-PMG.
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PMID:A homozygote frameshift mutation in OCLN gene result in Pseudo-TORCH syndrome type I: A case report extending the phenotype with central diabetes insipidus and renal dysfunction. 3224 Aug 28

The incidence of infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) has been increasing over the last several years. Among the reasons for the expansion of these diseases and the appearance of new neuropathogens are globalization, global warming, and the increased proximity between humans and wild animals due to human activities such as deforestation. Neurotropism affecting normal brain function is shared by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Neuroinfections caused by these agents activate immune responses, inducing neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and neurodegeneration. Purinergic signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway associated with these neuropathologies. During neuroinfections, host cells release ATP as an extracellular danger signal with pro-inflammatory activities. ATP is metabolized to its derivatives by ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73; ATP and its metabolites modulate neuronal and immune mechanisms through P1 and P2 purinergic receptors that are involved in pathophysiological mechanisms of neuroinfections. In this review we discuss the beneficial or deleterious effects of various components of the purinergic signaling pathway in infectious diseases that affect the CNS, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, bacterial meningitis, sepsis, cryptococcosis, toxoplasmosis, and malaria. We also provide a description of this signaling pathway in emerging viral infections with neurological implications such as Zika and SARS-CoV-2.
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PMID:Purinergic signaling in infectious diseases of the central nervous system. 3271 99

A premature newborn with systemic sepsis due to Candida albicans and parapsilosis developed skin, eye, and mouth herpetic infection. Ocular disease presented atypically with vitritis and pre and subretinal hemorrhage due to herpes simplex virus-1 confirmed fulminant bilateral acute retinal necrosis. Pars plana vitrectomy revealed necrotizing retinitis with poor visual prognosis. The baby has survived suffering from multiple morbidities which include post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus, chronic lung disease, patent ductus arteriosus, and developmental delay.
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PMID:Bilateral acute retinal necrosis in premature newborn with skin, eye, and mouth infection presenting with vitreous and subretinal hemorrhage. 3282 61

Crusted scabies is a rare and extremely contagious infestation by Sarcoptes scabiei. Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (KVE) refers to herpes simplex virus infection superimposed on pre-existing dermatosis such as atopic dermatitis, Darier's disease, and pemphigus. We report a case of KVE superimposed on crusted scabies in a middle-aged woman. Her condition was complicated with sepsis. She was treated with IV meropenem, vancomycin, and acyclovir and was released 2 weeks later in good condition. To our knowledge, only rare cases of crusted scabies complicated by KVE have been reported.
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PMID:Crusted Scabies Complicated with Herpes Simplex and Sepsis. 3283 73

Herpes simplex virus 2 is well known to cause neurological complication. We describe the first reported case of reactivated HSV-2 myelitis, which was induced by immunosuppression due to sepsis. During the treatment of meningococcal meningitis, the patient developed quadriparesis, and later was diagnosed as HSV-2 myelitis, mimicking ICU acquired weakness. The case emphasizes the importance to exclude viral myelitis before making the diagnosis of ICU acquired weakness.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus type 2 myelitis mimicking ICU acquired weakness as a complication of meningococcal meningitis: A case report. 3320 70


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