Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer patients show an immune deficit whose beginnings are influenced to one extent or another, by two factors: the cancer itself, and the antimitotic-immunosuppressive treatment to which the patient is subjected. The immune deficit will have repercussions in the anti-infectious defense that these patients show: --Greater number of infections. --Greater severity of infections. --Tendency towards generalization and showing of septicemic states. The problem is most serious in hematological tumors (leukemia, lymphosarcoma) where the primary cause of death is infection. During the period of activity of the disease, and also in relation to the antimitotic treatment, the PMN will decrease in absolute count and will function poorly. The consequence will be a high frequency of bacterial infections, sepsis, pneumonia, skin infections, etc., predominantly caused by gram-negative germs and staphylococcus (any germ considered not to be "very virulent" can be found); and it will result in a high mortality rate. When these children are in remission or have solid tumors, the problem is not so acute, and bears more relation to antimitotic treatment and other extraneous factors (hospitalization, catheters, antibiotics, gastrointestinal ulcers...). Patients most frequently show localized bacterial, viral and protozoon infections (varicella, zooster, herpes simplex, cytomegalia, pneumocystis) because of the predominance of cellular immunity deficit.
 ...
PMID:Immunosuppression. Role on the infectious diseases of oncologic children. 57 77

The Authors report a case of two pre-term monocorial twins affected by HSV-1 infection (Herpes Simplex Virus type 1), with generalized sepsis and involvement of the central nervous system (CNS), born by mother with primary infection who presented a typical vesicular eruption a week before delivery. As the HSV-1 was a disseminated type and the CNS was involved in both the twins, the diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory findings (specific IgM and IgG) and on the use of Delpech-Lichtblau antibody liquoral index, a significant results both in the first and the second twin. Intensive care and early specific treatment with Acyclovir allowed a slow but progressive improvement of the twins' clinical picture. The antibody liquoral index may therapy of the viral sepsis cases involving the CNS, more than the cultural or antigen isolation of the treated virus.
 ...
PMID:[Herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy: epidemiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic data. An unusual case of HSV-1 in monozygotic twins]. 128 30

Two fatal cases of haemophagocytic syndrome diagnosed on the basis of autopsy findings at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados, are presented. They were both young patients, a male 20 years of age and a female 28 years of age, with common clinical features of severe constitutional symptoms, pharyngeal haemorrhages, pancytopenia, and fever. The female patient had elevated titres to herpes simplex virus indicative of recent infection as well as postmortem evidence of overwhelming mixed bacteria sepsis. In both cases, histopathological studies showed lymphoid depletion and histiocytes displaying haemophagocytosis.
 ...
PMID:Haemophagocytic syndrome. 178

Acute oral problems that frequently occur during oncologic therapy include mucositis, infection, and hemorrhage. Certain chemotherapeutic agents consistently produce significant mucositis. Herpes simplex virus infection is a frequent cause of oral ulceration. Gram-negative oral bacilli can cause severe local necrosis of oral tissues and lethal bacteremia and sepsis. Sepsis with oral streptococci is common in the early postengraftment period following bone marrow transplant. A case report describes the successful use of a new hemostatic agent to control hemorrhage in a patient with severe thrombocytopenia in leukemic relapse. Long-term dental complications of oncologic therapy include abnormal dental and craniofacial development. Dental abnormalities in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia are more severe if oncologic therapy begins before 5 years of age and if cranial irradiation is used. The combination of high-dose cranial irradiation (2400 cGy) and chemotherapy before 5 years of age results in deficient mandibular growth. In children with reduced growth hormone production and deficient mandibular growth due to treatment with bone marrow transplantation, stimulation of mandibular condylar growth is reported following the use of growth hormone.
 ...
PMID:Dental management of the pediatric oncology patient. 183 63

Recent advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infection-associated preterm labor are discussed. This includes antepartum treatment of vaginal infections, amniocentesis for culture and glucose levels, and adjunctive antibiotic treatment of preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Risk factors for neonatal group B streptococcus sepsis are described and testing for rapid detection of maternal group B streptococcus colonization is discussed, as are recent prospective studies of pregnancy outcome following human parvovirus B19 infection. Studies quantifying the transmission of herpes simplex virus to neonates following vaginal delivery to mothers with recurrent infections are discussed, as well as the results of several studies using rapid detection kits for the virus.
 ...
PMID:Obstetric and neonatal infection. 195 5

During the past two decades, an explosive growth in both the prevalence and types of sexually transmitted diseases has occurred. Up to 55 percent of homosexual men with anorectal complaints have gonorrhea; 80 percent of the patients with syphilis are homosexuals. Chlamydia is found in 15 percent of asymptomatic homosexual men, and up to one third of homosexuals have active anorectal herpes simplex virus. In addition, a host of parasites, bacterial, viral, and protozoan are all rampant in the homosexual population. Furthermore, the global epidemic of AIDS has produced a plethora of colorectal manifestations. Acute cytomegalovirus ileocolitis is the most common indication for emergency abdominal surgery in the homosexual AIDS population. Along with cryptosporidia and isospora, the patient may present to the colorectal surgeon with bloody diarrhea and weight loss before the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Other patients may present with colorectal Kaposi's sarcoma or anorectal lymphoma, and consequently will be found to have seropositivity for HIV. However, in addition to these protean manifestations, one third of patients with AIDS consult the colorectal surgeon with either condylomata acuminata, anorectal sepsis, or proctitis before the diagnosis of HIV disease. Although aggressive anorectal surgery is associated with reasonable surgical results in some asymptomatic HIV positive patients, the same procedures in AIDS (symptomatic HIV positive) patients will often be met with disastrous results. It is incumbent upon the surgeon, therefore, to recognize the manifestations of HIV disease and diagnose these conditions accordingly.
 ...
PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. The challenge of the nineties. 224

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection involving the skin in three transplant patients is presented. Patient 1, whose infection apparently was localized only to a cutaneous wound induced by extravasated ionotropic solution, survived. Mixed CMV and Candida infections developed in patient 2 in the cutaneous ulcer. He died of disseminated herpes simplex virus infection in two weeks. Patient 3 had CMV pneumonia and purpuric maculopapular eruption. He died of Pseudomonas sepsis 17 weeks later. Eighteen cases with CMV skin lesions are reported in the English literature. The clinical findings and the outcome of the current and the reported cases are analyzed. All patients were immunocompromised. CMV infection, when detected in the skin, appears to be associated with grave prognosis. Seventeen of 20 patients whose final outcome was recorded died within six months after the onset of CMV skin lesions. The outcome of one case is unknown. The mortality was 85%. The fatal cases had either concurrent disseminated CMV infection or mixed cutaneous or systemic infections. When the infection is localized in the skin wounds, the prognosis seems fairly good. All three such patients survived.
 ...
PMID:Cytomegalovirus infection involving the skin in immunocompromised hosts. A clinicopathologic study. 254 21

A number of viruses cause acute central nervous system disease. The two major clinical presentations are aseptic meningitis and the less common meningoencephalitis. Clinical virology laboratories are now more widely available than a decade ago; they can be operated on a modest scale and can be tailored to the needs of the patients they serve. Most laboratories can provide diagnostic information on diseases caused by enteroviruses, herpesviruses, and human immunodeficiency virus. Antiviral therapy for herpes simplex virus is now available. By providing a rapid diagnostic test or isolation of the virus or both, the virology laboratory plays a direct role in guiding antiviral therapy for patients with herpes simplex encephalitis. Although there is no specific drug available for enteroviruses, attention needs to be paid to these viruses since they are the most common cause of nonbacterial meningitis and the most common pathogens causing hospitalization for suspected sepsis in young infants in the United States during the warm months of the year. When the virology laboratory maximizes the speed of viral detection or isolation, it can make a significant impact on management of these patients. Early viral diagnosis benefits patients with enteroviral meningitis, most of whom are hospitalized and treated for bacterial sepsis or meningitis or both; these patients have the advantage of early withdrawal of antibiotics and intravenous therapy, early hospital discharge, and avoidance of the risks and costs of unnecessary tests and treatment. Enteroviral infection in young infants also is a risk factor for possible long-term sequelae. For compromised patients, the diagnostic information helps in selecting specific immunoglobulin therapy. Good communication between the physician and the laboratory will result in the most benefit to patients with central nervous system viral infection.
 ...
PMID:Role of the virology laboratory in diagnosis and management of patients with central nervous system disease. 264 21

We report seven elderly patients with COPD who developed serious infectious complications during prolonged treatment with high doses of corticosteroids. Infections included invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, Herpes simplex stomatitis and esophagitis, cytomegalovirus pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, fungemia and meningitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans. Each of the three patients who developed invasive aspergillus pneumonia died. The efficacy of prolonged therapy with high doses of corticosteroids in patients with COPD is not proven. These cases illustrate the potential for serious infections in patients with COPD treated with corticosteroids.
 ...
PMID:Serious infectious complications of corticosteroid therapy for COPD. 272 Dec 49

Herpesvirus infections are commonly seen in immunosuppressed patients and may account for considerable morbidity and some mortality. We prospectively studied 52 patients with severe burn injuries in order to determine the prevalence of viral infections in this group of patients. Serologic testing was done each week to diagnose primary and reactivation infections. Twenty-seven of 52 patients (52%) became infected with either herpes simplex virus (HSV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) or both. HSV infection was associated with older age, tracheal intubation, facial burn, inhalation injury, length of hospitalization, and the presence of full-thickness burn. CMV infection was associated with duration of hospitalization and full-thickness burn. Transfusion of blood products was not correlated with an increased incidence of primary or reactivation CMV infections. There was a significant correlation between the presence of these viral infections and bacterial sepsis (p less than 0.05). There was no significant association of HSV or CMV infections with mortality.
 ...
PMID:Herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus infections in burned patients. 298 25


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>