Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From July 1986 through June 1990, 33,199 sera from various risk groups were collected in Veterans General Hospital-Taipei for detection of antibody against human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1). Sixty-five samples were proved positive by Western blot analysis. Among individual high risk groups, hemophiliacs had the highest positive rate of 20/60 (29.41%), followed by homosexual/bisexual males (41/1,264, 3.24%). The overall positive rate was 65/33,199 (0.19%). Ten cases were recognized as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 1 case had AIDS-related complex (ARC) and 4 case had other apparently symptomatic infections. Among these 15 cases, 7 expired, 1 lost of follow-up and 7 surviving cases are being treated with zidovudine (AZT). Most of symptomatic HIV-1 antibody positive cases had abnormal T4/T8 ratio of 0.39 +/- 0.54 as compared with the asymptomatic HIV-1 carriers at a ratio of 0.81 +/- 0.69. The opportunistic infections included Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in 6 case, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in 6 cases, herpes zoster virus infection in 3 case, candidiasis in 4 cases, syphilis in 3 cases, pulmonary tuberculosis in 2 cases, and others with cryptococcosis, salmonellosis, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection, gonorrhea, Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and bacterial sepsis, etc. The natural history of HIV-1 infection to AIDS involved acute and persistent multiple infections. Although prevalence of HIV-1 infection was low in Taiwan, nationwide surveillance of HIV-1 infection in various risk groups is still needed.
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PMID:Five-year experience of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 national screening program implemented at Veterans General Hospital-Taipei. 840 70

Analysis of the synovial fluid is the major investigation of monoarthritis. Appearance, viscosity (low if inflamed), cell number and differential, presence of crystals or organisms are all relevant. If septic arthritis is suspected, culture of other sites such as blood, urine, sputum etc. is essential, and may alone yield the organism. If mycobacterium is possible, synovial membrane staining and culture is usually necessary. Gonococcal may be lost in culture if the specimen is not immediately processed. Partially treated sepsis may produce sterile culture, and early work suggests that P.C.R. may diagnose these cases. Other investigations such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein indicate inflammatory activity, though they are not specific. Antibodies such as antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factors lead towards an "autoimmune" disease diagnosis, that do not alone measure activity. Specific antibodies to virus e.g. parvovirus may be diagnostic. The monoarthritis must be seen in the total patient context, where often clues e.g., asymptomatic uveitis (in juvenile chronic arthritis) and psoriasis may give the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Laboratory diagnosis of monarthritis: how much, what for, when?]. 850 31

This is a case report of a 35-year-old woman infected with the human immunodeficiency virus who presented with acute bacterial sepsis that proved to be secondary to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Typical skin and joint findings developed only after the acute sepsis had resolved. Patients with disseminated gonococcal infection rarely have signs of acute bacterial sepsis. This case raises the question of whether HIV-infected patients are at an increased risk of contracting severe gonococcal disease.
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PMID:Acute gonococcal sepsis in an HIV-infected woman. 857 12

In the postantibiotic era, systemic complications from a gonococcal infection are rare. Females tend to have a higher frequency of gonococcal sepsis than males. In contrast, males have a higher rate of gonococcal endocarditis. This article describes a case of a previously healthy young male who presented with aortic insufficiency and blood cultures positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Despite adequate antibiotic coverage, the patient's aortic insufficiency worsened, requiring aortic value replacement before discharge from the hospital. The patient's recovery was uneventful.
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PMID:Gonoccocal endocarditis. 869 95

In the tropical north of Australia there are high rates of infections in Aboriginal children living in remote communities. In addition to the burden of respiratory infections, diarrhoeal disease and skin sepsis, there are high rates of acute rheumatic fever, outbreaks of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and gonococcal conjunctivitis, endemic trachoma and various intestinal parasites. A number of infections generally restricted to the tropics are also present and can cause disease in both indigenous and non-indigenous children. These include melioidosis, Murray Valley encephalitis and dengue on the east coast. With global warming, these infections may become more common and more widespread within Australia and the potential for establishment of introduced infections such as Japanese encephalitis and malaria may increase.
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PMID:Childhood infections in the tropical north of Australia. 1153 49

The relationship between genital tract infection and preterm delivery has been established on the basis of biochemical, microbiological, and clinical evidence. In theory, pathogenic bacteria may ascend from the lower reproductive tract into the uterus, and the resulting inflammation leads to preterm labor, rupture of the membranes, and birth. A growing body of evidence suggests that preterm labor and/rupture of the membranes are triggered by micro-organisms in the genital tract and by the host response to these organisms, ie, elaboration of cytokines and proteolytic enzymes. Epidemiologic and in vitro studies do not prove a cause-and-effect relationship between infection and preterm birth. However, the preponderance of evidence indicates that treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic lower genital tract infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia will lower the risk of preterm delivery. Based on current evidence, pregnant women who note an abnormal vaginal discharge should be tested for BV, trichomonas, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. Those who test positive should be treated appropriately. A 3- to 7-day course of antibiotic treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy is clinically indicated to reduce the risk of pyelonephritis and preterm delivery. Routine screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea should be performed for women at high risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases. The practice of routine screening for BV in asymptomatic women who are at low risk for preterm delivery cannot be supported based on evidence from the literature. Routine screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy is cost-effective, particularly in high-prevalence populations. The results of antibiotic trials for the treatment of preterm labor have been inconsistent. In the absence of reasonable evidence that antimicrobial therapy leads to significant prolongation of pregnancy in the setting of preterm labor, antibiotics should be used only for protecting the neonate from group B streptococci sepsis. They should not be used for the purpose of prolonging pregnancy. Multiple investigations have shown that, in patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes, prophylactic antibiotics are of value in prolonging the latent period between rupture of the membranes and onset of labor and in reducing the incidence of maternal and neonatal infection. The most extensively tested effective antibiotic regimen for prophylaxis involves erythromycin alone or in combination with ampicilln. Controversy still exists regarding the appropriate length and route of antibiotic prophylaxis.
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PMID:Infection, antibiotics, and preterm delivery. 1170 17

Some 250 million cases of sexually transmitted disease (STD) occur each year, and in some countries 1 or even 2 women in every 10 are infected with an STD. STDs are likely to reach an advanced stage before women notice them. The consequences of STDs are devastating, according to a report by the Population Information Program of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, and they include stillbirths, blinding eye infections in the newborn, chronic female abdominal pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. There are social consequences for women such as divorce, and husbands may abandon infertile wives. Gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause both severe inflammation of the pelvis with acute pain and possible infertility. Pelvic inflammatory disease can permanently scar the fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy, which can be fatal when the fallopian tube ruptures. Babies born to mothers with gonorrhea and chlamydia are likely to develop eye infections that may make them blind. Chlamydia infection in pregnant women may also cause premature rupture of the membranes, sepsis, and the death of premature neonate. Infection may spread to the lungs of newborns, leading to chlamydial pneumonia. Syphilis can cause spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death, or congenital syphilis in the infant. Trichomoniasis and herpes can also be transmitted from mother to fetus. And infection with an STD increases the risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that prenatal care should always include checks for STDs. A WHO Technical Working Group on Care of Mother and Baby has stressed the importance of detecting and treating STDs in pregnant women. The working group urged training of health workers to distinguish between STDs and other infections. The group, which met July 5-9, 1993, outlined health center strategies for prevention and treatment.
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PMID:STDs infect 250 million a year. 1234

Encapsulated bacteria can cause severe infections following bone marrow transplantation, usually in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Presented here is the case of an allogenic bone marrow transplantation recipient with chronic GVHD who developed overwhelming pneumococcal sepsis 3 years following transplantation. One year earlier the male patient had developed non-meningococcal, non-gonococcal neisseria infection. The infection recurred repeatedly despite monthly replacement immunoglobulin prophylaxis. These infections were attributed to functional hyposplenism after a prominent number of Howell-Jolly bodies was noticed in a peripheral blood smear during the patient's most recent admission. The case report is followed by a discussion of the policy of administering antibiotic prophylaxis to patients with chronic GVHD.
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PMID:Pneumococcal sepsis due to functional hyposplenism in a bone marrow transplant patient. 1498 63

We describe the first reported case of gonococcal septic shock with associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and multisystem organ failure, in which the patient made a full recovery, and add to the paucity of descriptive literature on gonococcal sepsis. The case was a 36-year-old previously healthy Aboriginal female from northern Canada. Treatment included fluid resuscitation, vasoactive drugs, mechanical ventilation, antimicrobial therapy, corticosteroid replacement, activated protein C, and general supportive care. In addition to being the first reported case of gonococcal septic shock with associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and multisystem organ failure in which the patient made a full clinical recovery this is also the first case of gonococcal septic shock treated with activated protein C; an association between its use and the favorable outcome is postulated, but cannot be confirmed.
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PMID:Gonococcal septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multisystem organ failure: a case report. 2004 69

Gonococcal infections as well as other sexually transmited diseases have been increasing for several years. Short incubation period and rich symptomatology of gonococcal urethritis in man, make it an epidemiological indicator of high-risk sexual behavior. In women, cervicitis is often asymptomatic. Anorectitis is a classical form of gonococcal infection especially in men who have sex with men. Sepsis and conjunctivitis, while rare, are to be diagnosed as quickly as possible because of their severity. To limit the spread of gonococcal infections, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases must be strengthened, the screening of asymptomatic subjects can be improved by using the polymerase chain reaction technique and finally the latest therapeutic guidelines taking into account gonococcal antibiotic resistances must be applied.
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PMID:[Gonococcal infections]. 2046 31


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