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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefsulodin (CFS) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 14 children with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The diagnoses included pneumonia (4), sepsis (1), presumed sepsis (4), acute postoperative ascending cholangitis (1), acute postoperative peritonitis with wandering pneumonia (1), acute enterocolitis with acute UTI (1), recurrent UTI (1), and acute cystitis (1). CFS was administered intravenously with a daily dose of 93 to 299 mg/kg in the cases with normal renal functions. CFS was effective in all but one case both clinically and bacteriologically. A case of pneumonia whose isolate was resistant to CFS responded poorly. Mild transient eosinophilia was observed in 3 cases, but no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Peak MIC values of 18 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were 1.56 mcg/ml, 0.39 to 0.78 mcg/ml and 12.5 mcg/ml for CFS, gentamicin, and sulbenicillin, respectively. A half life of the serum CFS levels was 1.09 hours after intravenous bolus injection of 20 to 25 mg/kg of CFS (n = 2). A cerebrospinal-fluid level and biliary levels measured in cases with inflamed meninges or with cholangitis were well above the MIC value. From the present study, CFS appeared to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible Pseudomonas infections. Combined use of another antibiotic should be considered in the case with polymicrobial infections because of the CFS's very narrow spectrum.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefsulodin in Pseudomonas infections in children]. 716 64

In a review of 13 documented cases of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), an increased incidence of life-threatening bacterial infections as well as a propensity to minor infections was observed. Five of 13 patients had had at least one episode of pneumonia, two had meningitis, and one had sepsis. A comprehensive immunologic evaluation of FAS was completed, and results were compared to an age-matched control group of children with intrauterine growth retardation without FAS. Children with FAS were shown to have decreased E rosette-forming lymphocytes (35 +/- 5% versus 55 +/- 5% or 1328 +/- 274 versus 2333 +/- 112 per mm3), low EAC rosette-forming lymphocytes (15 +/- 2% versus 18 +/- 1% or 524 +/- 109 versus 740 +/- 75 per mm3), and diminished mitogen-induced stimulation responses to mitogens: 31616 +/- 5337 versus 58076 +/- 4455 cpm for phytohemagglutinin, 17582 +/- 5436 versus 35018 +/- 5346 for pokeweed mitogen, and 32460 +/- 7044 versus 54996 +/- 5531 for concanavalin A, P less than 0.05. Nine patients had dysgammaglobulinemia, FAS subjects also had a marked eosinophilia (624 +/- 154 versus 72 +/- 27 mm3). Other parameters of immune function including absolute lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, total hemolytic complement, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity, and nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction assays, were not different from control children. Impairment of immunity may explain an increased susceptibility to infection in FAS.
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PMID:Immune deficiency in fetal alcohol syndrome. 719 40

Clinical trials of cefoxitin, a new cephamycin antibiotic were carried out on 17 infantile patients with infections (respiratory tract infection 15, meningitis 1 and sepsis 1). Two patients of the above patients were excluded from the clinical evaluation except side effects because diseases were out of the object of this study. Cefoxitin was given at a dose of 50-104 mg/kg/day q.i.d. except 1 patient (b.i.d.) by a single intravenous injection for 2-27 days. The clinical efficacy obtained was good in 11 patients, fair in 2 patients and poor in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 73.3%. Side effects were observed in 4 patients (eosinophilia 1, skin rash 2 and transient elevation of GOT, GPT and LDH 1).
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PMID:[A clinical study of cefoxitin in children (author's transl)]. 728 23

The safety of ceftriaxone has been evaluated in 80 neonates who were treated empirically for suspected infection with either ceftriaxone and ampicillin (group A, age 0-72 h) or ceftriaxone and vancomycin (group B, age greater than 72 h). Within 48 h after birth 2 group A patients died from sepsis (Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 case each); 1 group B patient died from sepsis (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). All bacterial isolates from group A patients were susceptible to ceftriaxone, but in 4 of the 8 group B patients with positive cultures a change in antibiotic therapy was required. Eosinophilia, thrombocytosis and an increase in serum alkaline phosphatases were observed in a limited number of patients during and after discontinuation of treatment. Direct hyperbilirubinemia ( > 2 mg/dl) occurred in 2 cases during treatment. Gallbladder sludge was sonographically diagnosed in 6 patients, but disappeared within 2 weeks after detection. One neonate had exanthema. Nurses rated ease of administration as very good. Ceftriaxone appears to be an interesting alternative in the empiric antibiotic treatment in the early neonatal period.
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PMID:Clinical experience with ceftriaxone treatment in the neonate. 755 13

A recent Ethiopian immigrant to Israel presented with pneumococcal sepsis, massive splenomegaly and lymph-adenopathy. Investigations revealed many features of both hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and hyperreactive malarious splenomegaly (HMS). Proguanil therapy for HMS was followed by rapid, marked decrease in spleen size, disappearance of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells characteristic of HCL, and increasing eosinophilia, but unchanged lymphadenopathy.
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PMID:Massive splenomegaly responsive to proguanil and with features of hairy cell leukaemia. 777 47

Cefozopran (CZOP) was administered via intravenous injection to 9 patients (ages ranging from 1 month to 13 years) with pediatric bacterial infections, at daily dose levels between 56.7 and 200 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4 doses. The following results were obtained. 1. Eight patients, including 1 with purulent meningitis, 1 with sepsis, 3 with acute pneumonia and 3 with lymphadenitis, were treated and subjected to clinical evaluation. Clinical effects were excellent in 6 cases and good in 2, with an overall efficacy rate of 100%. One case with pyoderma was not evaluated because of a combined use of an external antibiotic. 2. Organisms suspected as pathogens included 5 strains: 3 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus and 1 of Escherichia coli. Bacteriologically, all the strains were eradicated. 3. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test results were observed in 4 cases; wheal in 1 case, elevated GOT and GPT in 2 cases and eosinophilia in 1 case. 4. From the results described above, we considered that CZOP would be an effective drug for use in pediatric bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefozopran in pediatrics]. 785 86

To evaluate the clinical significance of eosinophilia in newborn infants, 261 admissions to the neonatal unit over a 12-month period were studied retrospectively; 33 babies with eosinophilia (> 1.0 x 10(9)/l) were studied. Clinical and laboratory data for the first month of life were compared, where available, between gestational age-matched pairs with and without eosinophilia. Of the 33 babies with eosinophilia, 23 were > 26 weeks' gestation and all had age-matched controls; 10 were < or = 26 weeks' gestation but had no appropriate gestational age-matched controls. Babies > 26 weeks' gestation with eosinophilia had a significantly higher number of septic episodes than controls: 20 of 23 versus 4 of 23. All 10 babies < or = 26 weeks' gestation with eosinophilia developed sepsis. Infections with gram-negative organisms and necrotizing enterocolitis occurred only in babies who developed eosinophilia. In 5 babies no cause for the eosinophilia was found. In conclusion, eosinophilia in the newborn is usually explainable and is most often associated with infection.
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PMID:Eosinophilia in newborn infants. 798 53

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) which is a broad-spectrum agent against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria was used in combination with fosfomycin (FOM) as a second-line chemotherapy for severe infections associated with hematologic disorders. FOM was partnered with IPM because FOM may enhance the bacteriocidal effects of IPM when given as pretreatment to IPM/CS therapy. Fifty two patients were treated with IPM/CS plus FOM. Of them, 41 were evaluated for effectiveness. Eleven patients were not evaluated: 4 were treated with a combination of other regimens such as cefixime, gamma-globulin, G-CSF and a large dose of methyl prednisolone; 2 were given IPM/CS plus FOM as a first choice; 3 were observed to have gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea which led to the discontinuation of the combination therapy; and 2 were thought to be suffering from not infectious but tumor fever. An excellent response was observed in 15 (36.6%) patients and a good response in 10 (24.4%), for a overall efficacy rate of 61.0%. Efficacies was 71.4% (5/7) in patients with sepsis, and 60.0% (9/15) in patients whose peripheral granulocyte count was below 100/microliters before chemotherapy. The elimination rates of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria were 57.1% (4/7) and 75.0% (6/8), respectively. In particular, 75.0% (3/4) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified were eliminated. Two patients who suffered from tumor fever, 2 who did not receive chemotherapy before the combination chemotherapy and 3 who did not receive a full course of the combination chemotherapy because of side effects, were included in the final evaluation of safety. Side effects were observed in 18 of 48 patients (37.5%). In 1 patient, skin eruption occurred 3 days after the initiation of the combination chemotherapy. In 17 patients, gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting were identified after a few days of IPM/CS plus FOM administration. Degree's of the symptoms were mild, however. Therefore, the treatment was not withdrawn. No abnormal laboratory results such as eosinophilia, liver disfunction or renal disfunction were observed. These results show that IPM/CS plus FOM is effective as a second-line combination chemotherapy for the treatment of severe infections in patients with hematologic disorders.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium and fosfomycin as second-line combination chemotherapy in severe infections associated with hematologic disorders]. 833 78

Carbamazepine is a drug commonly used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. It is an iminostilbene derivative that is extensively metabolized by the liver. We describe a 66-year-old man with dysesthetic pain from cervical myelopathy who developed cholestatic hepatitis, skin rash, and eosinophilia after carbamazepine was administered for 5 weeks (total dose of 18.9gm). Withdrawal of carbamazepine led to complete resolution of both clinical and biochemical abnormalities within 3 weeks. Clinicians should be alert to this rare complication because it can be confused clinically with biliary tract sepsis and viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Carbamazepine-induced hepatitis in a patient with cervical myelopathy. 860 Aug 77

Total parenteral nutrition with lipids is a well-accepted modality of metabolic support in seriously ill trauma patients. Intolerance to lipid administration is unusual when dosage limits are not exceeded, and few hematologic disturbances have been recorded with modern fat emulsions. In the course of intravenous alimentation of six adults admitted for traumatic lesions, eosinophilia with or without leukocytopenia was noticed after periods of four days to five weeks. Principal clinical events and hematologic derangements were documented in this population. Sepsis was not always present in the patients by the time of the complication, and in those that did require antibiotics and other drugs, the prescription remained unchanged along the episode. Discontinuation of the nutritional regimen with lipids was followed by normalization of the hematologic profile, suggesting that an acute or sub-acute allergic reaction was responsible. The appearance of skin rash in two occasions reinforces this hypothesis, and the possibility of hemophagocytosis merits consideration in two of the cases who displayed reversible acute leukocytopenia. It is concluded that blood cell aberrations are possible during intravenous feeding with lipids in trauma subjects, but tend to respond to suppression of the lipid-containing nutritional prescription.
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PMID:Hematologic disorders in trauma patients during parenteral alimentation with lipids. 900 34


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