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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of Premature Rupture of foetal Membranes (PROM) before term still remains controversial. 110 pregnant women with PROM were assigned to either group A (no treatment) or group B (treatment group). The rates of premature deliveries were similar in the two groups, 71% versus 77% (p = 0.56). Additionally, low birth weight, Apgar score, foetal distress, neonatal icterus and foetal sepsis were all observed in similar proportions in both groups. 6.5% of the subjects in group A developed endometritis as against 5.7% in group B (p = 0.69). Perinatal mortality rates were high (33.3% and 50%, in group A and B, respectively), but not statistically different in the two groups (p = 0.13). Prophylactic antibiotics do not seem to influence maternal and foetal outcome in patients who present with PROM in this environment.
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PMID:[Premature rupture of membranes: maternal and fetal outcome in the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis]. 1021 26

It is well known that prenatal steroid therapy (ST) reduces the mortality rate and the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and intraventricular haemorrhage in premature infants. The benefits and safety of repeated courses of antenatal ST are doubtful due to possible side effects in the mother and baby. Experimental studies in animals have shown that multiple courses of antenatal ST have deleterious effects on lung growth and organisation, brain myelination, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and retina development. In humans, exposure to multiple courses of antenatal ST is associated with small head circumference at birth and increased incidence of maternal endometritis and early-onset neonatal sepsis. When administered soon after birth, ST may enable a reduction in ventilator settings and facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation, but although associated with rapid improvement in lung function, it does not modify mortality or long-term outcome and has many acute side effects. Deleterious effects on lung maturation and neuro-developmental outcome, including cerebral palsy, have also been reported. The paucity of follow-up data is a major problem, and further prospective trials are needed.
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PMID:[Pre- and post-natal corticosteroids: side effects]. 1142 81

Group B streptococcus is a possible cause of chorioamnionitis, endometritis and urinary tract infections in pregnant woman. Maternal risk factors and the vertical transmission of GBS and neonatal GBS infection occur through the following fever during labor, the rupturing of membranes more than 18 hours before delivery, prematurity and chorioamnionitis. GBS can induce early-onset neonatal disease (sepsis, meningitis or pneumonia) during the first week of life and late-onset neonatal infection (leptomeningitis) within the first 12 weeks of life. Numerous strategies for preventing neonatal group B streptococcal infection were investigated: 1) the treatment of GBS-colonized women during the third trimester of pregnancy did not prove to be effective because it does not reduce maternal colonizzation rates at delivery; 2) the neonatal universal post-partum prophylaxis with penicillin G was ineffective and increased neonatal mortality due to penicillin-resistant bacterial infection; 3) the intrapartum maternal chemoprophylaxis with penicillin G or ampicillin in GBS-colonized women, in women with risk factors, or in women with both GBS colonization and risk factors. The latter strategy proved to be the most effective because it reduces the risk of early-onset GBS infection by 75% and 95% when associated with post-neonatal prophylaxis. To date, there are no guidelines on the management of the asymptomatic neonate whose mothers have been treated with chemopropylaxis intra-partum.
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PMID:[Prophylaxis of group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections]. 1142 3

A 7-month outbreak of 15 cases of postpartum sepsis with group A haemolytic Streptococci (GAS) was stopped when a carrier was identified. Comparing delivery dates with duty rotas revealed that the carrier had been present during delivery in 13 of the 15 cases. The epidemic GAS type, T3-13-B3264, was found in a carbuncle in her groin and in atopic dermatitis lesions behind her ears and on her eyelids. Thus, it was not the microbiological screening of staff that helped detect the carrier. The outbreak went unnoticed for 6 months, as no 2 cases were diagnosed by the same physician and 5 cases were diagnosed by different general practitioners. The main risk factors for infection were presence of the carrier relative risk (relative risk RR 47.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.9-209.5) and suturing of episiotomy (RR 11.0; 95% CI 2.6-47.9). We recommend that a thorough epidemiological investigation should be carried out in every single case of GAS postpartum infection. Despite initial intravenous treatment with penicillin, 8 patients experienced > 15 recurring postpartum GAS infections, such as endometritis, wound infection, tonsillitis, erysipelas and Brodie's abscess. Eradication of GAS should be confirmed after completion of treatment.
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PMID:A 7-month outbreak of relapsing postpartum group A streptococcal infections linked to a nurse with atopic dermatitis. 1172 37

A live male infant was born at 37 weeks' gestation after a normal pregnancy to a 34-year-old mother. The baby developed bacteraemia with Streptococcus pneumoniae and recovered completely following treatment with antibiotics. The mother simultaneously developed bacteraemia with the same organism and died from septic shock. Blood culture isolates from mother and child were both serogroup 23F, and were shown to be identical by DNA fingerprinting. The literature reports rare cases of vaginal carriage and/or endometritis with this organism resulting in neonatal sepsis. Transmission to the neonate may have been ascending or haematogenous. A postmortem examination was refused.
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PMID:Neonatal pneumococcal sepsis in association with fatal maternal pneumococcal sepsis. 1178 27

Premature delivery is still a significant problem in Obstetrics. It has multiple causes, with around 50% thought due to infection. Of note infection as a pathogenesis is more likely in those pre-term births occurring <30 weeks gestation and is largely sub-clinical. Potential pathogens largely arise from the ascending route and from the endogenous vaginal flora, causing chorioamnionitis. Resultant morbidity from the release of endo+/exotoxins from such pathogens, the stimulation and production of inflammatory cytokine pathways, prostaglandins, metalloproteinases includes maternal sepsis (chorioamnionitis, septicaemia, post-partum endometritis), pre-term delivery (infant pre-maturity and its consequences, increased susceptibility to cerebral palsy and neonatal sepsis). As well, infection increases mortality due to fetal loss (extreme pre-maturity) as well as severe neonatal sepsis.
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PMID:Mechanisms, organisms and markers of infection in pregnancy. 1238 41

Group B streptococcus (GBS) or Streptococcus agalactiae is recognized as a mayor cause of neonatal meningitis, sepsis and infections during pregnancy. However, in recent years there have been several reports concerning GBS infections in non pregnant adult population, specially in immunocompromised hosts and in patients with severe underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cancer. We report a series of 45 cases which occurred in nonpregnant adult population during a period of two years. The average age was 50.8 years and most patients (38/44) had one or more risk factors: diabetes mellitus was the most significant underlying disease. The most frequent infection localization was skin and soft tissues followed by urinary tract infection. Several isolated cases of pneumonia, bacteremia, endocarditis, endometritis and peritonitis were observed. GBS infections should no longer be exclusively considered as perinatal and peripartum events. New clinical presentations are arising in non pregnant adult population with special incidence in immunocompromised hosts. We are obliged to keep this in mind and remember that SGB may be a possible etiologic agent for infections, particularly in skin and soft tissues of diabetic patients.
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PMID:[Group B streptococcal infections in adults, excluding genital infections]. 1260 8

This retrospective study evaluated complications associated with caesarean section in HIV-infected women. For each HIV-positive patient ( n=45) a control group of ten seronegative women ( n=450) was matched for age, number of foetuses, gestational age, indication for caesarean section, status of the membranes and kind of anaesthesia. All women delivered in the same hospital using a uniform protocol. We evaluated the duration of stay in hospital after operation, the need for antibiotics after caesarean section, the incidence of minor postoperative complications (mild anaemia, mild temperature or fever 24 h after surgery, wound haematoma or infection, urinary tract infection, endometritis) and major postoperative complications (severe anaemia, pneumonia, pleural effusion, peritonitis, sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thromboembolism). Most HIV-positive women (64.5%) had a complicated recovery after surgery. A higher incidence of major and minor postoperative complications were observed in the HIV-positive group than in the control group. There was a statistically significant greater incidence of mild anaemia, mild temperature or fever, urinary tract infection and pneumonia in the HIV-positive group. HIV-positive women with less than 500x10(6) CD4(+) lymphocytest/l had higher post-caesarean section morbidity than HIV-positive women with more than 500x10(6) CD4(+) lymphocytest/l. The median duration of hospital stay was significantly higher in the HIV-positive group (median 7 days) than in the HIV-negative group (median 4 days). The rate of HIV vertical transmission was 8.8%. Higher post-caesarean section morbidity was found in HIV-positive women than in controls. Unfortunately, the HIV-positive women (with low CD4 lymphocytes counts), whose infants theoretically will benefit most from caesarean delivery, are also the women who are most likely to experience post-operative complications.
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PMID:Post-operative complications after caesarean section in HIV-infected women. 1450 67

Antenatal corticosteroid administration for enhancing fetal lung maturity can be expected to induce negative maternal and fetal side-effects. Maternal short-term effects after multiple courses of corticosteroids are an increase of infections and a higher incidence of endometritis and chorionamnionitis in patients with premature rupture of membranes. A single dose of corticosteroid induces an increase in the count of maternal white blood cells and metabolic effects such as the augmentation of amino acid concentration and of fasting glucose levels in maternal plasma. Negative fetal effects of antenatal corticosteroids are a reduction of fetal body and breathing movements and a reduction of fetal heart rate variation, without any changes in Doppler waveform patterns of fetoplacental vessels. It has been suggested that a multiple course of corticosteroids antenatally might induce negative effects on fetal intrauterine growth and on neonatal birth weight. In addition, multiple courses are associated with an increased risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis.
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PMID:Undesired effects of steroids during pregnancy. 1559 Apr 25

We present a case of a postpartum female with iliopsoas fasciitis in the puerperium. Two days after a spontaneous vaginal delivery at 38 weeks without any complications, the patient complained of pain in the left thigh and hip, associated with a temperature of 38 degrees C. Consequently, she could not walk 4 days after delivery and her body temperature had increased to 39 degrees C. Extreme left flank pain and tenderness in the left pelvic wall were prominent, whereas the tenderness in the pelvis was moderate. Magnetic resonance imaging led us to diagnose iliopsoas fasciitis. This was complicated by sepsis but improved after a protracted antibiotic treatment without any surgical intervention. A literature review revealed that serious complications, including sepsis or permanent functional disturbance, could arise although retroperitoneal fasciitis and/or abscesses are very rare after vaginal delivery. Iliopsoas fasciitis could be considered when patients complain of extreme pain in the pelvic wall, sacroiliac joint region, or thigh-symptoms that are uncommon in uncomplicated endometritis.
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PMID:Postpartum retroperitoneal fasciitis: a case report and review of literature. 1573 91


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