Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Silver sulfadiazine cream (SSD) has been used successfully in the management of burn wound sepsis. Silver deposition has been found in the skin, gingiva, cornea, liver, and kidney of patients treated with this cream, causing argyria, ocular injury, leukopenia, and toxicity in kidney, liver, and neurologic tissues. Monitoring concentrations of silver in blood and urine of patients receiving this treatment has become necessary, but sensitive and suitable methods adaptable to a clinical laboratory are still needed. We have developed a flameless thermal atomic absorption spectrophotometric method to measure silver concentrations in blood, urine, and other tissues. The detection limit is 0.4 microgram/L; the within-run precisions (CV) are 5.16%, 3.83%, and 2.79% for concentrations of 5, 13.5, and 42 micrograms/L, respectively; and the between-run precisions are 4.3% and 3.2% for concentrations of 13.5 and 42 micrograms/L. The concentrations of silver in blood, urine, liver, and kidney of subjects without industrial or medicinal exposure are less than 2.3 micrograms/L, 2 micrograms/day, 0.05 microgram/g wet tissue, and 0.05 microgram/g wet tissue, respectively. In SSD cream-treated burn patients, plasma concentrations may be as great as 50 micrograms/L within 6 h of treatment and can reach a maximum of 310 micrograms/L. Silver in urine is detectable after one day of treatment and may reach a maximum of 400 micrograms/day. After absorption, silver was found to be deposited in various tissues. Tissue silver concentrations in one burn patient who died of renal failure after eight days of treatment were 970, 14, and 0.2 micrograms/g wet tissue in cornea, liver, and kidney, respectively.
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PMID:Determination of silver in blood, urine, and tissues of volunteers and burn patients. 191 65

Among 2,700 babies born in a maternity hospital there were 71 (2.6%) cases of eye sepsis, mostly mild. Forty-four of these cases were screened for inclusions of TRIC agent. Four certain positives and a further four very suggestive cases were found-an incidence of 18% of the cases of eye sepsis investigated. The true incidence is probably somewhat higher.Follow-up showed that even minimal and transitory eye sepsis from TRIC infection in the neonate can lead to permanent scarring of the conjunctiva and cornea, with or without pannus.
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PMID:TRIC agent as a cause of neonatal eye sepsis. 567 54

Twenty-four pair of eyes donated to the Minnesota Lions Eye Bank were studied to determine the effect of corneal procurement methods on tissue quality. Eyes studied were ineligible for transplantation because of a preexisting medical condition other than sepsis or age of > 75 years. The procurement technique was randomized for each donor. One cornea was procured in situ (IS), whereas the fellow eye was enucleated and processed in the laboratory (EN). Procurement protocols were standard Eye Bank Association of America methods. Tissue characteristics were scored according to standard eye bank protocols. Cultures were performed at the time of tissue procurement and following storage for 7 days in Dexol media. With the exception of endothelial striae, no statistical difference was found between groups for any tissue characteristics. The average score for endothelial striae in the IS group was greater than twice that of the EN group. Initial cultures were positive in 10 of 24 in the IS group and four of 24 in the EN group. Each group had three positive end-storage cultures. These results demonstrate superior tissue decontamination after initial processing and less endothelial cell trauma with standard enucleation when compared to in situ corneal excisions.
Cornea 1994 Jul
PMID:Whole globe enucleation versus in situ corneal excision: a study of tissue trauma and contamination. 792 29

We report the case of a 66-year-old black woman who presented with concomitant acute infectious keratitis, bacteremia, and septic arthritis caused by Streptococcus pneumonia. The septic arthritis resolved rapidly with surgical drainage and intravenous antibiotics, but despite aggressive topical and intravenous antibiotic therapy for the infectious keratitis, the cornea perforated, the patient developed endophthalmitis, and the eye eventually was eviscerated. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of this nature. This patient had undergone splenectomy > 50 years prior to developing these infections. Although the risk of serious infection in clinically significant bacteremia is greatest in the perioperative period after splenectomy, these patients are at increased risk of such events for a lifetime. Because encapsulated bacteria, especially Pneumococcus, pose the greatest risk of sepsis and infection in asplenic patients, pneumococcal vaccination of penicillin prophylaxis must always be considered in these patients. A careful and complete medical history and systemic evaluation remain a crucial element of the evaluation and management of serious infectious keratitis.
Cornea 1996 Jul
PMID:Pneumococcal keratitis, bacteremia, and septic arthritis in an asplenic patient. 877 71

Invasive bacterial eye infections in the neonate range from perforating keratitis to endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa has gained clinical and therapeutic importance since mortality rates are high and prognosis concerning preservation of vision is poor, especially in premature infants. We presented two cases with meningitis, septicemia and P. aeruginosa endophthalmitis. If premature infants develop a sepsis-like picture with cloudy cornea and purulent conjunctivitis, we have to consider the possibility of endophthalmitis and do a full ophthalmologic evaluation. Treatment should be started early and consists of systemic antibiotic therapy, as in septicemia. As P. aeruginosa spreads easily, prompt isolation and strict handwashing are indicated.
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PMID:Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis in prematurity: report of two cases. 915 72

Metastatic meningococcal endophthalmitis, although rare, is a rapidly progressive and sight-threatening infection. We present a 10-month-old infant with meningococcal meningitis who developed unilateral metastatic endophthalmitis. If patients develop a sepsis-like picture with cloudy cornea and purulent conjunctivitis, we have to consider the possibility of endophthalmitis and full ophthalmological evaluations are indicated. Treatment should be started as early as possible. The outcome of endophthalmitis is frequently permanent visual impairment. Endophthalmitis is a true medical emergency requiring early antibiotic therapy with full dose of antimicrobials to avoid morbidity and blindness.
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PMID:Endophthalmitis as a complication of meningococcal meningitis: report of one case. 1091 May 99

Thymosin beta(4) (Tbeta(4)), a highly conserved peptide with immunomodulatory properties, is the major actin-sequestering peptide in mammalian cells. Recent studies have established that Tbeta(4) can accelerate wound healing in full thickness skin wounds and following burn injuries to the cornea. In the eye studies, the accelerated healing due to Tbeta(4) was accompanied by a significant reduction in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration and a several-fold decrease in interleukin-1beta (p< or =0.015) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1alpha) (6-keto-PGF1alpha, p< or =0.05). Given the recognized role of proinflammatory cytokines in septic shock and of extracellular F- and G-actin in the pathophysiology of multiple organ dysfunction, we have investigated the role of Tbeta(4) in sepsis. We report that an LD(50) dose of LPS (24 mg/kg) in rats resulted in a significant reduction of Tbeta(4) levels in the blood. Furthermore, administration of 100 microg of Tbeta(4) immediately following and at 2 and 4 h after an LD(50) dose of LPS (60 mg/kg) in mice significantly reduced mortality rates (p< or =0.024) and lowered blood levels of a number of inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, and other molecules that are highly elevated following endotoxin administration. In studies in human subjects given low doses of endotoxin (4 ng/kg LPS) and in patients with septic shock, we have also observed significant decreases in blood levels of Tbeta(4). The rapid disappearance of Tbeta(4) in the blood following LPS administration or during septic shock suggests that Tbeta(4) may be involved in early events leading to activation of the inflammatory cascade and ultimately the clinical sequelae of sepsis. The results of this study indicate that Tbeta(4) may have utility in the clinic in the treatment of septic shock and in syndromes associated with actin toxicities.
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PMID:Thymosin beta(4) reduces lethality and down-regulates inflammatory mediators in endotoxin-induced septic shock. 1286 Jan 78

Systemic inflammatory diseases commonly affect the sclera, cornea, retina, and orbit, and can pose a serious threat to sight. They encompass both primary and secondary vasculitic disorders and specific granulomatous inflammatory conditions. As well as direct eye involvement from the systemic inflammatory process, there can be signs of ocular ischaemia due to carotid or ophthalmic arteritis, hypertensive retinopathy, and ocular complications such as chloroquine maculopathy related to anti-inflammatory drug treatment. Additionally, systemic infection relating to the eye, either as the result of primary infective disease processes or infection secondary to immunosuppression, might be mistaken as endogenous intraocular inflammation. Infection can closely mimic the ocular signs of endogenous inflammation, and in selected patients (such as those who have been immunosuppressed to treat vasculitis and who additionally have had invasive surgery, indwelling intravenous catheters, or systemic sepsis), it might be necessary to specifically exclude infection by the sampling and culturing of intraocular fluids and tissue.
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PMID:The eye in systemic inflammatory diseases. 1558 11