Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection of splenectomized mice with Diplococcus pneumoniae, type III, resulted in a fourfold higher mortality rate than did infection of normal mice. Splenectomized animals were protected against fulminant, fatal sepsis by subcutaneous transplantation of autochthonous splenic tissue at the time of splenectomy. Animals with ectopic splenic tissue, and sham-splenectomized control mice, exhibited normal serum opsonin and leukophilic gamma-globulin activity, with respect to pneumococcus, that was lacking in splenectomized animals.
 ...
PMID:Protection against fulminant sepsis in splenectomized mice by implantation of autochthonous splenic tissue. 7 90

A model was developed in the rhesus monkey to determine if the marked wasting of body proteins associated with sepsis could be prevented by an intravenous supply of various nutritional substrates. All monkeys were given a basic infusion of 0.5 gm of amino acid nitrogen/kg body weight via an indwelling catheter in the jugular vein. Three groups were given diets with no added calories, 85 calories/kg from dextrose or 85 calories from lipid. In each group, six monkeys were inoculated with 3 x 10(8) Streptococcus pneumoniae and four with heatkilled organisms. In the monkeys infused with the amino acids alone, pneumococcal sepsis resulted in a fourfold increase in loss of body proteins compared with calorie-restricted controls. Addition of 85 calories/kg/day of either dextrose or lipid reduced body wasting associated with infectious disease. The calories from lipid were utilized bythe septic host as a source of energy, with a slightly reduced efficiency when compared with the isocaloric infusion of dextrose. The nitrogen sparing of the fat emulsion could not be accounted for by its glycerol content. Therefore, the septic monkey seemed to utilize fatty acids as an energy substrate. It appears that the carbohydrate calories tend to favor the synthesis of peripheral proteins (associated mainly with skeletal muscle), while lipid calories favor synthesis of visceral proteins such as plasma albumin and acute-phase proteins.
 ...
PMID:Protein-sparing therapy during pneumococcal infection in rhesus monkeys. 10 60

Thirteen cases of group D streptococcal neonatal sepsis and/or meningitis were identified at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital from 1970 to 1976. Ages at onset of disease ranged from 1 to 25 days. The most frequent symptoms were fever (five cases), lethargy (five cases), and respiratory difficulty (four cases). Blood cultures for seven infants were positive; CSF cultures for five infants were positive; and CSF and blood cultures for one infant were both positive. In 12 patients, parenteral antibiotic therapy consisted of a penicillin and an aminoglycoside. One infant with a severe meningomyelocele died. The other 12 infants showed a rapid clinical response with seven patients improving within 48 hours of the start of therapy. Infection with group D streptococcus results in a low-grade systemic disease in both full-term and premature infants that responds favorably to appropriate therapy.
 ...
PMID:Systemic group D streptococcal infection in newborn infants. 10 22

Ceforanide (BL-S 786) is a new long-acting parenteral cephalosporin which has the major pharmacologic advantage of requiring only twice a day dosage. We treated 28 adult patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia using doses of 500 or 1000 mg every 12 hours. Twenty-four of 28 infections were due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and/or Hemophilus influenzae, and all pathogens were susceptible in vitro to both cephalothin and ceforanide. Patients were treated for a mean of 7.5 days, and all showed a good clinical and radiographic response with no mortality. Of the 13 patients with H. influenzae, the organism could still be recovered during therapy in 9/12 and post therapy in 3/8. One clinical superinfection (sepsis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa) occurred during therapy. Side effects with therapy included thrombocytosis (15), asymptomatic eosinophilia (5), and mild elevation of the serum transaminases (3). These studies suggest that ceforanide is a safe and effective agent for the treatment of adult patients with bacterial pneumonia due to S. pneumoniae; further experience in therapy of H. influenzae is needed because of frequent failure of ceforanide to eradicate this organism from the sputum.
Infection 1979
PMID:Ceforanide (BL-S786) in the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. 31 29

Newborn infants with "early-onset" disease due to group B beta hemolytic streptococcus were studied over a 40-month period. Clinical presentations included asymptomatic bacteremia, mild transient illness, respiratory distress, meningitis, and overwhelming sepsis. Chronologically, 18 were ill at birth; 10 became ill after a symptom-free period; and four were asymptomatic. Sixty-six percent of the cases weighted less than 2500 grams, and 56% were born to mothers whose amniotic membranes were ruptured for over 20 hours. All 15 of the deaths occurred in low birth weight infants who were criticially ill from birth. A review of 128 consecutive deliveries of infants weighing under 2000 grams revealed 28 cases with prolonged ruptured membranes, and three of these 28 infants developed group B streptococcal infection. The infant of the colonized gravid woman in premature labor or with prolonged ruptured membranes is clearly at risk, and these results suggest that the management of "early-onset" disease should begin prior to delivery.
Infection 1978
PMID:Risk factors in early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal infections. 34 7

The role of complement in experimental disseminated candidiasis was studied in normal guinea pigs, animals congenitally deficient in the fourth component of complement (C4), and animals depleted of alternative pathway activity by cobra venom factor (CVF). Animals pretreated with CVF and challenged with Candida albicans had a high rate of mortality. Results of quantitative organ cultures corroborated prior reports that the kidney was the major target organ of infection. Infection of the kidney was markedly enhanced by CVF-induced depletion of the alternative pathway but not by classical pathway deficiency (deficiency in C4). There were differences among organs (kidney, liver, and spleen) in their requirement for complement to mount an effective host defense response. Ultimately, the integrity of the alternative pathway and late components of complement appears necessary for the limitation of and survival from sepsis due to C. albicans in nonimmune animals.
 ...
PMID:Role of complement in host defense against experimental disseminated candidiasis. 35 78

Thirty-six febrile neutropenic episodes were treated by granulocyte transfusions in 33 children. Septicemia and mucous membrane ulcerations were most commonly associated with the fever. Infection cleared in 81% of the episodes, eight per cent ended in death from bacterial infections, 11% from nonbacterial infections or hemorrhage. The median number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes given was 1.1 X 10(10)/m2/transfusion. Two to twenty-eight (median 8.5) transfusions were given over 3--34 days (median 10.5). The source of cells (parental or random) and the method of collection did not seem to affect the outcome. None of the 23 patients whose marrow recovered during the transfusions died of bacterial infections. Infection cleared even without marrow recovery in 62% of the patients, but then only 25% lived for more than two months after clearing of sepsis. In a subgroup of patients with nonlymphoblastic leukemia on the same chemotherapy and antibiotic treatment protocol, 8/11 (73%) survived bacteremia when white cell support was available; only 2/11 (18%) of a historical control group survived when such support was not available. Granulocyte support appears to be a valuable tool in helping neutropenic patients overcome their infections or, at the very least, helping them survive long enough for normal marrow recovery to occur.
 ...
PMID:Granulocyte transfusions in infected neutropenic children with malignancies. 44 Feb 6

An isolation unit consisting of 12 ventilated cubicles was investigated over 18 months. Out of 462 patients admitted, 262 (57%) required source and 200 (43%) protective isolation. Admissions of patients with staphylococcal sepsis fell from 16 in the first three months to six in the last three months. Staphylococcus aureus was recovered from 12% of nurses' fingers and often in small numbers from protective clothing and uniforms, but only two patients acquired a strain from a nurse or another patient. Gram-negative bacilli were rarely recovered from hands or protective clothing of nurses, and there was no evidence of spread of infectious diseases. This inexpensive unit, with simple but efficient isolation-nursing techniques, successfully prevented the spread of infection.
 ...
PMID:A unit for source and protective isolation in a general hospital. 48 3

This antimicrobial surveillance program clearly relates inpatient antimicrobial usage to therapeutic or prophylactic indications. One nurse-epidemiologist gathers data for a medium-sized Veterans Administration hospital, in addition to carrying out infection surveillance and educational responsibilities, and reviews the data weekly with an infectious disease physician. Usage of antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis is the area where violations of generally accepted criteria for usage can be most readily documented. Only 31% of usages were deemed appropriate. A similar percentage (about 65%) of antimicrobial usages were judged "appropriate" on the medical and surgical services in treatment of wound and urinary tract infection. Treatment of respiratory tract infection and sepsis was judge "appropriate" in over 85% of instances on the medical service. These categories contained too few cases to summarize on the surgical service.
 ...
PMID:A practical method of antimicrobial surveillance. 64 Aug 39

PC-904 was administered to 3 pediatric patients with serious infections resistant clinically to other antibiotics (2 cases of sepsis and 1 case of pseudomonal pneumonia). Daily dosage was 100 approximately 150 mg/kg and intravenous infusions were carried out in 2 or 3 divided doses. This drug showed clinically and bacteriologically good response in these patients without any side effect, and was considered to be a useful drug or worthwhile to use in the treatment of the serious infectious diseases such as sepsis or pseudomonal infections.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies of PC 904 in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 64


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>