Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 12-month-old child neutropenic since the age of 8 months, was referred to our institute for a sepsis from Candida albicans. On exploring the cause of neutropenia, an anti-NA1 antibody could be detected in the patient's serum. This antibody seemed to be responsible for the neutropenia because the child's PMN type was NA1+. The reactivity of the autoantibody with the patient's own granulocytes was confirmed by direct and indirect immunofluorescence studies performed on blood and marrow cells. A reduced number of T lymphocytes with poor PHA responsivity has been interpreted as the possible cause of the autoimmune disease. Steroid therapy did not cure the neutropenia but the child's general condition improved.
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PMID:Chronic autoimmune neutropenia due to anti-NA1 antibody. 37 Nov 32

Immune-mediated diseases represent some of the most frustrating types of disorders that are diagnosed and treated in veterinary medicine. Drug-induced immunosuppression is an attempt to control the aberrant immune response against self antigens but the immunosuppression can result in sepsis or other unacceptable adverse effects. If the pathophysiology of immune-mediated and autoimmune disease is considered, the immune response can be divided into several components and attempts can be made to selectively deal with each component separately. The components of the immune response that can be manipulated by therapy include antibodies, effector cells, the mononuclear phagocytic system, and the peripheral manifestations of disease. This article reviews the therapy of immune-mediated and autoimmune diseases based on a pathophysiologic approach and discusses conventional as well as current therapies in the treatment of these devastating diseases.
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PMID:Immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of immune-mediated disease. 152 51

Intravenous gamma-globulin (IVGG) has several potential uses in neonates. A considerable amount of study is going into the evaluation of its role in neonatal sepsis. Preliminary results from two large controlled trials suggest that there may be a reduction in nosocomial sepsis following infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in small premature infants, but the data are still incomplete. It is important to distinguish the two types of neonatal immune thrombocytopenia. In maternal autoimmune disease, neonatal intracranial hemorrhage has an incidence of only 1-2%, and treatment can be initiated postnatally in the thrombocytopenic neonate. Since antenatal hemorrhage is very rare, treatment of the mother for the sake of the fetus seems unnecessary. In alloimmune thrombocytopenia, on the other hand, intracranial hemorrhages occur in approximately 20% of all identified cases, and as many as one-half of these occur antenatally. Pilot studies of maternally administered IVGG have indicated that it may elevate the fetal platelet count and prevent intracranial hemorrhage.
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PMID:Neonatal uses of intravenous immunoglobulin. 170 87

A young man is reported with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus joint sepsis associated with dermatomyositis. His dermatomyositis failed to resolve on treatment with antimicrobial agents alone, indicating that if staphylococcal infection was the triggering event for the dermatomyositis then the subsequent process was apparently self perpetuating, requiring cytotoxic agents for its control. This case can be interpreted as possible further evidence for the triggering of autoimmune disease by infective agents.
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PMID:Dermatomyositis following chronic staphylococcal joint sepsis. 238 66

The clinical manifestations of a genetically determined deficiency of C3 were examined in a closed colony of dogs. One hundred and twelve dogs, including twenty C3-deficient dogs, were studied over a period of 6 years. Five of the C3-deficient dogs developed significant bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, sepsis, and pyometra, which were caused by Clostridium spp., Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. Two of the C3-deficient dogs who had had significant infections also subsequently developed renal disease. Secondary amyloidosis was the predominant renal lesion in one dog. The predominant renal lesion in the second dog was membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, although some amyloid was also present. The two dogs with renal disease also had positive rheumatoid factors. No other clinical or serological evidence of autoimmune disease or immune complex disease has been found. None of the dogs heterozygous for C3 deficiency, and none of the homozygous normal dogs in the colony has developed significant bacterial infections or renal disease. Thus, dogs deficient in C3, like C3-deficient humans, demonstrate both an increased susceptibility to infection and renal disease.
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PMID:The clinical manifestations of a genetically determined deficiency of the third component of complement in the dog. 298 27

Sonographic characteristics and percutaneous catheter drainage of thigh abscesses in 18 patients are described. Most of these patients had underlying diseases including osteomyelitis, trauma, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, lymphoma, sepsis, bleeding dyscrasia, and autoimmune disease. Previous procedures on these thigh collections included seven operations and 12 nondiagnostic ward aspirations. All collections were shown by sonography to be either anterior or anterolateral. Two cases referred for drainage were posteromedial; sonography showed these to be mycotic pseudoaneurysms. The abscesses were either anechoic or hypoechoic, and occasionally had debris and septations. Abscesses associated with underlying osteomyelitis abutted the femur; those related to other causes generally were more superficial within muscle or fascial layers. Sonographically guided catheter drainage successfully cured all patients, even those in whom ward aspiration or formal surgery had been unsuccessful. Sonography is a simple and inexpensive method of imaging and guiding the drainage of thigh abscesses. Percutaneous catheter drainage is the treatment of choice in cases in which simple emergency room or ward incision and drainage are inadequate.
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PMID:Sonography of thigh abscess: detection, diagnosis, and drainage. 330 56

The patient presented with a diabetes at the age of 3 years. At the age of 5 years she got persistent diarrhoea, lost weight and showed symptoms or arthritis and pericarditis. She was found to have total villous atrophy of the jejunum, which did not respond to dietary treatment, total parental nutrition, prednisone and cyclophosphamide medication. She had high titres of antinuclear antibodies and elevated serum IgG, but antibodies to DNA and to ribonuclearprotein were negative. A low titre of antibodies to human intestinal epithelial cells was found. The patient died of overwhelming fungal sepsis. We propose that the intestinal damage is part of the autoimmune disease. Careful study of jejunal biopsy specimens is helpful in distinguishing this type of patient from patients with coeliac disease.
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PMID:Fatal unresponsive villous atrophy of the jejunum, connective tissue disease and diabetes in a girl with intestinal epithelial cell antibody. 400 75

A phase I clinical trial was performed to detect adverse reactions in far advanced cancer patients treated with a unique specific cancer immunotherapy. The vaccines consisted of autologous tumor cell membranes and manganese phosphate gel. From 133 patients admitted into the trial, 95 vaccine batches were made. No batch was toxic in animals. One batch was bacteriologically contaminated. Sufficient patients survived or complied to receive 32 complete and 23 partial courses for a total of 707 SC and ID injections. Minor swelling and occasional minimal pain occurred at injection sites. There were two possible vaccine-related systemic reactions but no evidence of tumor transplantation, tumor acceleration, sepsis or autoimmune disease. Subjective and objective improvement occurred in a number of patients. The vaccines are safe. Their efficacy must be determined. The value of ID vaccine skin testing and the unexpectedly little bacteriological contamination require further study.
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PMID:Autologous anticancer antigen preparation for specific immunotherapy in advanced cancer patients. A phase I clinical trial. 715 75

Progress in the care of the critically ill patient with life-threatening infection has been hampered by inconsistent, often confusing terminology. The clinical syndrome of sepsis-familiar to all yet definable by none-describes a highly heterogeneous group of disorders with different causes and differing prognoses. The imminent availability of mediator-directed therapy has created a sense of urgency to develop better methods for delineating discrete clinical syndromes and to modulate the host response, which may bring both benefit and harm, depending on the clinical circumstances. The term systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was introduced several years ago to describe the familiar clinical syndrome of sepsis, independent of its cause. SIRS can result from trauma, pancreatitis, drug reactions, autoimmune disease, and a host of other disorders; when it arises in response to infection, sepsis is said to be present. SIRS describes a dynamic process that has adaptive survival value for the host. The maladaptive consequence of this process in the critically ill patient is the development of progressive but potentially reversible remote organ dysfunction-the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The development of cogent conceptual frameworks for classification of the septic response in critically ill patients is more than a question of linguistic pedantry. Optimal therapy presupposes identification of an homogeneous patient population with a characteristic disease process and a predictable response to an intervention. Although progress has been made in identifying such groups of critically ill patients, the disappointing results of clinical trials of agents that so clearly demonstrate efficacy in animal models indicates that considerable work remains.
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PMID:Sepsis, SIRS, and MODS: what's in a name? 866 29

Individuals with a consistently lower immune response may be more susceptible to infection but less prone to autoimmune disease or severe sepsis. The molecular mechanisms determining the low responder status are, however, unclear. We have screened 60 male donors for tumour necrosis factor (TNF) protein levels after stimulation of monocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Among these we identified three donors each that consistently had a level of less than 20% (low responders; LR) or of more than 80% (high responders; HR) of the maximum response seen in this population. Northern blot analysis of TNF mRNA after LPS stimulation revealed lower transcript levels in LR. Half life determination after actinomycin D blockade showed a similar decay rate for LR and HR and after blockade of degradation by cycloheximide treatment mRNA levels increased but LR remained lower compared to HR. These data indicate that the lower TNF mRNA levels in LR are not due to a more rapid mRNA degradation but rather a result of lower transcription. Transcripts for interleukin 6 (IL-6) were also low in LPS-stimulated monocytes of LR. Because expression of the LPS receptor CD14 was similar in LR and HR monocytes, our data suggest that differences in signal transduction account for the LR and HR phenotype.
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PMID:TNF gene expression in monocytes of low and high responder individuals. 912 9


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