Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242706 (hyperoxia)
 5,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation does not end with restoration of spontaneous circulation; rather, it must be continued with the application of all the measures that allow organ function to be maintained. The initial goal of hemodynamic treatment is to achieve normal blood pressure for the patient's age by means of fluids and/or vasoactive drugs. The aim of respiratory treatment is to normalize ventilation and oxygenation without causing further lung injury, avoiding hyperoxia and hyperventilation as well as hypoxia and hypercapnia. Neurological stabilization aims to reduce secondary brain damage, by avoiding hypertension and hypotension, maintaining normal ventilation and oxygenation, and treating hyperglycemia, agitation and seizures. Although no specific studies in children are available, data from adults have shown that early moderate hypothermia attenuates brain damage secondary to cardiorespiratory arrest, without increasing complications. After the arrest, the need for analgesia and/or sedation must be considered. The process of transportation to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) requires the following steps: stabilizing the patient, checking for and stabilizing fractures and external wounds, ensuring a stable airway and intravenous lines, assessing the need for nasogastric and bladder tubes, taking blood samples for analyses, contacting the PICU and informing the staff about the child's condition, choosing the optimal vehicle for transportation according to the child's condition and the distance, checking pediatric equipment and medications, selecting experienced staff and, finally, maintaining close surveillance and monitoring during transportation.
 ...
PMID:[Post-resuscitation stabilization and transportation]. 1734 Jul 87

The ventilatory response to hypoxia depends on the carotid body function and sleep-wake states. Therefore, the response must be measured in a consistent sleep-wake state. In mice, EMG with behavioral indices (coordinated movements, CMs; myoclonic twitches, MTs) has been used to assess sleep-wake states. However, in neonatal mice EMG instrumentation could induce stress, altering their behavior and ventilation. Accordingly, we examined: (1) if EMG can be eliminated for assessing sleep-wake states; and (2) behavioral characteristics and carotid body-mediated respiratory control during sleep with EMG (EMG+) or without EMG (EMG-). Seven-day-old DBA/2J and A/J mice were divided into EMG+ and EMG- groups. In both strains, CMs occurred when EMG was high; MTs were present during silent/low EMG activity. The durations of high EMG activity and of CMs were statistically indifferent. Thus, CMs can be used to indicate wake state without EMG. The stress caused by EMG instrumentation may be distinctively manifested based on genetic background. Prolonged agitation was observed in some EMG+ DBA/2J (5 of 13), but not in A/J mice. The sleep time and MT counts were indifferent between the groups in DBA/2J mice. The EMG+ A/J group showed longer sleep time and less MT counts than the EMG- A/J group. Mean respiratory variables (baseline, hyperoxic/hypoxic responses) were not severely influenced by EMG+ in either strain. Individual values were more variable in EMG+ mice. Carotid body-mediated respiratory responses (decreased ventilation upon hyperoxia and increased ventilation upon mild hypoxia) during sleep were clearly observed in these neonatal mice with or without EMG instrumentation.
 ...
PMID:Behavioral and respiratory characteristics during sleep in neonatal DBA/2J and A/J mice. 1881 55

Organisms are known to be equipped with an adaptive plasticity as the phenotype of traits in response to the imposed environmental challenges as they grow and develop. In this study, the effects of extreme changes in oxygen availability and atmospheric pressure on physiological phenotypes of Drosophila melanogaster were investigated to explore adaptation mechanisms. The changes in citrate synthase activity (CSA), lifespan, and behavioral function in different atmospheric conditions were evaluated. In the CAS test, hyperoxia significantly increased CSA; both hypoxia and hyperbaric conditions caused a significant decrease in CSA. In the survivorship test, all changed atmospheric conditions caused a significant reduction in lifespan. The lifespan reduced more after hypoxia exposure than after hyperbaria exposure. In behavioral function test, when mechanical agitation was conducted, bang-sensitive flies showed a stereotypical sequence of initial muscle spasm, paralysis, and recovery. The percentage of individuals that displayed paralysis or seizure was measured on the following day and after 2 weeks from each exposure. The majority of flies showed seizure behavior 15 days after exposure, especially after 3 h of exposure. The percentage of individuals that did not undergo paralysis or seizure and was able to move in the vial, was also tested. The number of flies that moved and raised the higher level of the vial decreased after exposure. Animal's speed decreased significantly 15 days after exposure to extreme environmental conditions. In summary, the alteration of oxygen availability and atmospheric pressure may lead to significant changes in mitochondria mass, lifespan, and behavioral function in D. melanogaster.
 ...
PMID:Effects of oxygen concentration and pressure on Drosophila melanogaster: oxidative stress, mitochondrial activity, and survivorship. 2552 52

Acute ischemic stroke continues to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent advances in mechanical thrombectomy techniques combined with prereperfusion computed tomographic angiography for patient selection have revolutionized stroke care in the past year. Peri- and postinterventional neurocritical care of the patient who has had an emergent large-vessel occlusion is likely an equally important contributor to the outcome but has been relatively neglected. Critical periprocedural management issues include streamlining care to speed intervention, blood pressure optimization, reversal of anticoagulation, management of agitation, and selection of anesthetic technique (ie, general vs monitored anesthesia care). Postprocedural critical care issues that might modulate neurological outcome include blood pressure and glucose optimization, avoidance of fever or hyperoxia, fluid and nutritional management, and early integration of rehabilitation into the intensive care unit setting. In this review, we sought to lay down an evidence-based strategy for patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing emergent endovascular reperfusion.
 ...
PMID:Neurocritical Care of Emergent Large-Vessel Occlusion: The Era of a New Standard of Care. 2743 6