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Query: UMLS:C0242706 (hyperoxia)
 5,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inhalation of the equimolecular mixture N2O - O2 rapidly achieves good analgesia in cases of coronary occlusion. This mixture was used with 51 patients (37 to 85 years old) with beneficial results on pain in 4 cases out of 5. This effect can be improved by giving a small amount of pethidine with the inhalation. In this way the respiratory depression of the full dose of narcotic analgesics is avoided. In halation of the mixture does not produce undesirable cardio-circulatory or respiratory changes. The oxygen content of the mixture increases patients' PaO2 without the risk of hyperoxia.
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PMID:[Nitrous oxide analgesia in myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. 60 76

Methemoglobin (MtHb) formation was studied during reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta and its branches. It was established that the appearance of pain at rest and trophic tissue disorders in the lower extremities causes intensification of MtHb formation. The intensity of MtHb formation increases sharply during the operation and is determined by the injurious character of the intervention, level of arterial blood oxygenation, and the efficacy of nociceptive pulsation block. Arterial blood hyperoxia proved to be among the most important factors of increased MtHb formation and decreased blood oxygen capacity. Nociceptive pulsation block is less effective in general anesthesia than in epidural anesthesia and also increases the content of MtHb in the blood and the severity of the stress and reperfusion damages of the tissues and organs. On the basis of the results of the study it is concluded that normoxia of arterial blood and denervation of the operative zone reduce the risk of ischemic and hypoxic complications in patients with generalized atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[The effect of the methods of anesthesiological assistance and blood oxygenation on the oxygen-transport properties of the blood in reconstructive interventions on the abdominal aorta and vessels of the lower extremities]. 176 6

Values for local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) were measured in three dimensions utilizing xenon enhanced computerized tomography among patients during spontaneously occurring cluster headaches, during headache-free intervals and immediately after terminating attacks by inhalation of 100% oxygen. Results were compared with values measured among age-matched normal volunteers. LCBF values measured in five cluster patients while headache-free did not differ from similar measures among age-matched normal volunteers. In three patients during attacks of spontaneously occurring cluster headache, LCBF values for temporal cortex, basal ganglia and subcortical white matter were increased. Immediately after terminating attacks of cluster by 100% oxygen inhalation for five minutes, LCBF values for temporal cortex and basal ganglia became significantly decreased below normal values in five patients with spontaneously occurring cluster headache. Prompt relief of head pain by inhalation of 100% oxygen is associated with abolition of the hyperperfusion of both cortical and subcortical brain structures that occurs during spontaneously occurring cluster headaches and is followed by excessive cerebrovascular constriction. It remains to be determined whether the cerebral hyperemia occurring during cluster headaches is causally related to the head pain or is secondary to the pain itself. Rapid termination of head pain by hyperoxia associated with excessive cerebral vasoconstriction suggests that this vascular phenomenon is unique to cluster headache and offers clues to its pathogenesis.
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PMID:Cerebral hyperemia during spontaneous cluster headaches with excessive cerebral vasoconstriction to hyperoxia. 205 May 16

The opportunities for very low birth weight infants (birth weight < 1500 g) and extremely low birth weight infants (birth weight < 1000 g) to undergo surgery are increasing. These infants are prone to prematurity-related morbidities including respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity, patent ductus arteriosus and necrotising enterocolitis. Evidence is accumulating that preterm infants are also sensitive to pain and stress. The pharmacokinetics of drugs in preterm infants is not fully understood but smaller doses of anaesthetic drugs are usually required in preterm infants compared to term infants and older children and their effects last longer due to low clearance rates and longer elimination half-lives. Key anaesthetic considerations are (i) inspired oxygen concentration that should be adjusted to avoid hyperoxia, (ii) haemodynamic parameters that should be kept stable and (iii) prevention of hypothermia by using adequate measures to keep the infants warm. These precautions must be continuously taken during the operation and the transport to and from the operating theatre.
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PMID:Anaesthetic considerations for the management of very low and extremely low birth weight infants. 1517 4

Anesthesia may be an important factor in maximizing the success of microsurgery by controlling the hemodynamics and the regional blood flow. The intraanesthetic basic goal is to maintain an optimal blood flow for the vascularized free flap by: increasing the circulatory blood flow, maintaining a normal body temperature to avoid peripheral vasoconstriction, reducing vasoconstriction resulted from pain, anxiety, hyperventilation, or some drugs, treating hypotension caused by extensive sympathetic block and low cardiac output. A hyperdynamic circulation can be obtained by hypervolemic or normovolemic hemodilution and by decrease of systemic vascular resistance. The importance of proper volume replacement has been widely accepted, but the optimal strategy is still open to debate. General anesthesia combined with various types of regional anesthesia is largely preferred for microvascular surgery. Maintenance of homeostasis through avoidance of hyperoxia, hypocapnia, and hypovolemia (all factors that can decrease cardiac output and induce local vasoconstriction) is a well-established perioperative goal. As the ischemia-reperfusion injury could occur, inhalatory anesthetics as sevoflurane (that attenuate the consequences of this process) seem to be the anesthetics of choice.
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PMID:Anesthesia for free vascularized tissue transfer. 1894 83

Introduction: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) involves breathing 100% oxygen in a specialized compression chamber leading to hyperoxia. This treatment modality is associated with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and healing properties in people and laboratory animals. However, there are relatively few reports that evaluate the effects of HBOT in companion animals. The goal of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of HBOT on surgically induced systemic inflammation and oxidation in dogs. Material and Methods: Twelve healthy female beagle dogs were spayed and randomized into control and HBOT groups (n = 6). Both groups received conventional post-ovariohysterectomy therapy, and the HBOT group received two hyperbaric treatments at 2.0 atmosphere of absolute pressure and 100% oxygen for 35 min, 6 and 18 h after surgery. Blood samples were collected 3 h prior to ovariohysterectomy, 6, 18, and 30 h after surgery, prior to HBOT when applicable. Inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein, circulating cytokines, and changes in iron homeostasis were evaluated at each time point to determine the effects of surgery and HBOT on inflammation. Similarly, serum total oxidant status and total antioxidant status were measured to assess the oxidative stress. Pain and incision scores were recorded and compared between groups. Results: Following ovariohysterectomy, all dogs had significantly increased serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, KC-like, IL-6, and increased unsaturated iron-binding capacity compared to their pre-surgical values (p < 0.02), while serum iron, total iron-binding capacity and transferrin saturation were significantly decreased after surgery (p < 0.02). There was no significant difference between the control group and the HBOT group for any of the variables. There were no overt adverse effects in the HBOT group. Conclusion: This is the first prospective randomized controlled study to investigate the effects of HBOT on surgically induced systemic inflammation in dogs. While elective ovariohysterectomy resulted in mild inflammation, the described HBOT protocol portrayed no outward adverse effect and did not induce any detectable pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant effects. Additional investigation is required to identify objective markers to quantify the response to HBOT and determine its role as an adjunctive therapy in dogs with more severe, complicated or chronic diseases.
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PMID:Effects of Ovariohysterectomy and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Systemic Inflammation and Oxidation in Dogs. 3201 Jul 16

Despite numerous studies, controversies about the best intraoperative FiO2 remain. In 2016, the World Health Organization recommended that adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia should be ventilated intraoperatively with an 80% FiO2 to reduce surgical site infection (SSI). However, several data suggest that hyperoxia could have adverse effects. In order to determine the potential effect of FiO2 on SSI, we included in this systematic review 23 studies (among which 21 randomised controlled trials [RCT]) published between 1999 and 2020, comparing intraoperative high versus low FiO2. Results were heterogeneous but most recent studies on one hand, and the largest RCTs on the other hand, reported no difference on the incidence of SSI regarding intraoperative FiO2 during general anaesthesia. There was also no difference in the incidence of SSI depending of intraoperative FiO2 in patients receiving regional anaesthesia. The review on secondary endpoints (respiratory and cardiovascular adverse events, postoperative nausea and vomiting, postoperative length-of-stay and mortality) also failed to support the use of high FiO2. On the opposite, some data from follow-up analyses and registry studies suggested a possible negative effect of high intraoperative FiO2 on long-term outcomes. In conclusion, the systematic administration of a high intraoperative FiO2 in order to decrease SSI or improve other perioperative outcomes seems unjustified in the light of the evidence currently available in the literature.
Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2020 Oct 07
PMID:Effects of intraoperative high versus low inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) on patient's outcome: a systematic review of evidence from the last 20 years. 3303 60