Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The dose-response (dose, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 mg) profiles of 10 atopic and 10 nonatopic subjects were determined for nasal patency, secretion weight, pulmonary function, eustachian tube function, middle-ear function, and symptoms after intranasal inhalation challenges with histamine, bradykinin, methacholine, prostaglandin D2, and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). Results demonstrated that challenge with PGF2 alpha increased nasal patency, whereas challenge with all other substances decreased patency. The relationship between substances in eliciting a nasal congestive response was prostaglandin D2 greater than histamine greater than bradykinin greater than methacholine. A similar effect ordering was noted for the postchallenge development of eustachian tube dysfunction. Secretion weights were significantly greater after challenge with histamine compared to all other substances. A decrease in pulmonary function was observed only after challenge with PGF2 alpha, although the effect was not statistically significant. No changes in middle-ear pressure were observed for challenges with any of the substances. Only histamine challenge provoked sneezing, whereas challenge with either of the prostaglandins provoked cough. With the exception of methacholine, all substances caused symptoms of rhinorrhea, congestion, and sore throat. Bradykinin was particularly effective in provoking "pain/pressure"-related symptoms. With the exception of secretion weight, the differences between responses of atopic and nonatopic subjects were not statistically significant. These results document mediator specificity in the physiologic and symptomatic responses to intranasal challenge.
 ...
PMID:Physiologic responses to intranasal dose-response challenges with histamine, methacholine, bradykinin, and prostaglandin in adult volunteers with and without nasal allergy. 226 47

Kinins are generated in nasal secretions during allergic reactions and during induced rhinovirus colds. To determine if kinins may contribute to the symptomatology of these inflammatory reactions, 8 subjects were challenged with increasing doses of bradykinin or with placebo. Levels of albumin, histamine, and N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME)-esterase were measured in nasal lavages, and symptom scores were noted. No symptoms or increases in mediators or protein were observed after placebo challenge. Symptom scores increased in a dose-dependent manner, however, in response to bradykinin challenge. Increased symptoms were associated with significant increases in albumin and TAME-esterase activity, but no increases in histamine were observed. Nasal conductance measurements confirmed that bradykinin induces dose-dependent unilateral obstruction in the challenged nostril. Other common symptoms were rhinorrhea and, of particular relevance to rhinovirus infections, a persistent sore throat. We conclude that bradykinin causes increased vascular permeability and rhinitis, which are independent of mast cell mediator release. Kinins may, therefore, contribute to the symptomatology of inflammatory reactions of the upper airways, including the common cold.
 ...
PMID:Nasal provocation with bradykinin induces symptoms of rhinitis and a sore throat. 334 41

Nasal challenge with bradykinin has been previously reported to cause sore throat. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of sore throat by comparing the effects of nasal and oropharyngeal challenge with bradykinin on the sensation of sore throat. Twelve healthy volunteers (6 male, 6 female, mean age 29.9 years), were given nasal followed by oropharyngeal challenge with bradykinin. The nasal and oropharyngeal challenges were separated by 1 week and 1 mg of bradykinin dissolved in 10% ethanol in 0.9% saline was administered as a spray to both nasal passages or to the posterior oropharyngeal wall and tonsillar fauces. The same group of volunteers were also given a control nasal challenge with the ethanol/saline vehicle. Subjects were asked to score symptoms of throat irritation using a ten point visual analogue scale with the extremes labelled 'Worst ever throat irritation' and 'No throat irritation', before and at intervals after bradykinin challenge. Nasal challenge with vehicle did not cause any throat irritation, but both nasal and oropharyngeal challenge with bradykinin caused a significant increase in throat irritation scores at 5 and 15 min following challenge when compared with baseline scores. At 30 min following challenge, the throat irritation scores obtained on nasal challenge were significantly greater than those obtained on oropharyngeal challenge. The results demonstrate that nasal challenge with bradykinin causes a sensation of sore throat which is just as intense as that caused by oropharyngeal challenge and with the sensation of sore throat persisting for a longer period on nasal challenge when compared with oropharyngeal challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Sore throat following nasal and oropharyngeal bradykinin challenge. 807 65

1. Bradykinin and related kinins may act on four types of receptors designated as B1, B2, B3 and B4. It seems that the B2 receptors are most commonly found in various vascular and non-vascular smooth muscles, whereas B1 receptors are formed in vitro during trauma, and injury, and are found in bone tissues. 2. These BK receptors are involved in the regulations of various physiological and pathological processes. 3. The mode of kinin actions are based upon the interactions between the kinin and their specific receptors, which can lead to activation of several second-messenger systems. 4. Recently, numerous BK receptors antagonists have been synthesized with prime aim to treat diseases caused by excessive kinin production. 5. These diseases are RA, inflammatory diseases of the bowel, asthma, rhinitis and sore throat, allergic reactions, pain, inflammatory skin disorders, endotoxin and anaphylactic shock and coronary heart diseases. 6. On the other hand, BK receptor antagonists could be contraindicated in hypertension, since these drugs may antagonize the antihypertensive therapy and/or may trigger the hypertensive crisis. 7. It is worth suggesting that the BK receptor agonists might be useful antihypertensive drugs.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic prospects of bradykinin receptor antagonists. 838 49

Bradykinin and related kinins may act on two types of receptors designated as B1 and B2. It seems that the B2 receptors are most commonly found in various vascular and non-vascular smooth muscles, whereas B1 receptors are formed in vitro during trauma, and injury, and are found in bone tissues. These bradykinin (BK) receptors are involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes. The mode of kinin actions are based upon the interactions between the kinin and their specific receptors, which can lead to activation of several second-messenger systems. Recently, numerous BK receptor antagonists have been synthesized with prime aim to treat diseases caused by excessive kinin production. These diseases are rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory diseases of the bowel, asthma, rhinitis and sore throat, allergic reactions, pain, inflammatory skin disorders, endotoxic and anaphylactic shock and coronary heart diseases. On the other hand, BK receptor antagonists could be contraindicated in hypertension, since these drugs may antagonize the antihypertensive therapy and/ or may trigger the hypertensive crisis. It is worth suggesting that the BK receptor agonists might be useful antihypertensive drugs.
 ...
PMID:Basic and clinical aspects of bradykinin receptor antagonists. 2513 37