Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a 12-week double-blind, group comparative trial, preceded by a 2-week baseline period, 38 asthmatic subjects of mixed aetiology and varying severity received either 4 mg nedocromil sodium by metered dose inhaler twice a day or a matching placebo preparation, in addition to their existing maintenance therapy of inhaled corticosteroids plus inhaled bronchodilators. Asthma severity and lung function were assessed at 4-weekly clinic visits, and symptomatology (morning tightness, daytime asthma, cough, night-time asthma), morning, afternoon and evening PEFR, and the use of inhaled bronchodilators were recorded on daily diary cards. Treatment with nedocromil sodium led to significant (P less than 0.05) improvements in clinic assessment of FEV1 and PEFR both before and after an inhaled bronchodilator from at least the eighth week onwards. Mid-study FVC was also significantly (P less than 0.05) improved. Daily PEFR increased throughout the study in the nedocromil sodium-treated subjects and the diurnal variation was reduced. Daily symptom severity was also reduced and these improvements occurred despite the similar or slightly reduced use of inhaled bronchodilators. However, none of these improvements in diary card parameters reached statistical significance. By the final week of the study subjects treated with nedocromil sodium predominantly had a mild form of asthma or no symptoms at all, and both patients and clinicians reported the effectiveness of nedocromil sodium; the subjects but not the clinicians finding it significantly more effective (P less than 0.05) than placebo. Nedocromil sodium was well tolerated although one patient was withdrawn owing to a persistent sore throat after 7 weeks of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of adding nedocromil sodium (Tilade) to the routine therapy of patients with bronchial asthma. 255 69

Sublingual hematoma is a rare but potentially fatal complication of oral warfarin sodium. Less than ten cases are reported in the English-language literature with only two of these appearing in the otolaryngologic literature. Spontaneous bleeding into the sublingual and submaxillary spaces creates a "pseudo-Ludwig's" phenomenon with elevation of the tongue and floor of mouth and subsequent airway compromise. Two new cases, along with a review of the literature are presented. Management is directed at prompt control of the airway and reversal of the coagulopathy. Sore throat is a uniform, early complaint that should be taken seriously in any patient receiving oral anticoagulation therapy.
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PMID:Upper airway obstruction secondary to warfarin-induced sublingual hematoma. 265 69

Fifty-one patients (22 male, 29 female) aged 22-60 years (mean age 41.2 years), predominantly extrinsic asthmatics, took part in this study, a follow-up to a 28-day, double-blind trial (Lal et al., Thorax 1984: 39: 809). Forty-four patients completed 12 months of treatment after a 4-week baseline; seven withdrew. A number of symptoms (e.g. coughing, wheezing, sore throat) were reported but none appeared particularly frequently; most were attributable to the technique of inhalation. After 4 weeks of treatment with nedocromil sodium (Tilade 4 mg q.i.d.), patients were encouraged to reduce use of inhaled corticosteroids (48 patients) and sodium cromoglycate (16). Inhaled bronchodilators were to be used as required and other medication was to continue as before. At the end of the study, 28 patients had stopped using inhaled steroids and 10 had significantly reduced the dosage (p less than 0.001, week 5 to end). Ten patients had stopped using sodium cromoglycate. Inhaled bronchodilator use was significantly reduced (p less than 0.001, weeks 1-8; p less than 0.05, weeks 9-12) early in the study but returned to baseline as inhaled steroid usage was reduced. Diary card assessments of wheezing and shortness of breath showed significant improvement, particularly in the early part of the study. Diary card PEFRs showed no marked changes but significant decreases, though small, were found in FEV1, FVC and PEFR on clinic visits. Clinical assessment showed improvement in the first half of the study; the differences were less marked as inhaled steroid usage declined. Final opinions of treatment effectiveness significantly favoured nedocromil sodium. This study demonstrates the acceptability, tolerability and safety of nedocromil sodium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An open assessment study of the acceptability, tolerability and safety of nedocromil sodium in long-term clinical use in patients with perennial asthma. 302 87

Budesonide is a non-halogenated glucocorticosteroid which has been shown to possess a high ratio of topical to systemic activity compared with a number of reference corticosteroids such as beclomethasone dipropionate, flunisolide, and triamcinolone acetonide. It appears to undergo extensive first-pass metabolism to metabolites of minimal activity which accounts for the low level of systemic activity. The majority of therapeutic trials in asthma have been of short term duration and have demonstrated that conventional doses of inhaled budesonide (200 to 800 micrograms/day) and beclomethasone dipropionate (400 to 800 micrograms/day) are of similar efficacy in both adults and children with moderate to severe asthma. Other studies have compared high doses of inhaled budesonide (400 to 3200 micrograms/day in 4 divided doses) with both alternate day (7.5 to 60 mg) and daily (7.5 to 40 mg) oral prednisone in patients with severe or unstable asthma. In the small number of such trials to date, inhaled budesonide was superior to prednisone with respect to the level of asthma control and the lesser influence on adrenal function. Long term open studies have similarly shown that inhaled budesonide can be gradually substituted for oral prednisone in steroid-dependent patients, often with a concomitant improvement in pulmonary function and asthma control. Intranasal budesonide (200 to 400 micrograms/day) relieves nasal symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic, perennial allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. In comparative studies in patients with seasonal rhinitis it has been shown to be of similar efficacy as intranasal flunisolide and intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate and superior to intranasal sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium) and the antihistamine dexchlorpheniramine. Following inhalation, the most commonly reported side effects have been candidiasis, dysphonia and sore throat, while after intranasal administration the most frequent adverse reactions have been nasal stinging, throat irritation, dry nose and slight nasal bleeding. At usual dosages, both formulations of budesonide appear to have little or no effect on adrenal function. Thus, at this stage in its development budesonide has been shown to offer an effective alternative to oral or other inhaled corticosteroids in the management of asthma and rhinitis. However, its relative efficacy and tolerability during long term use, compared with beclomethasone dipropionate, remains to be clarified.
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PMID:Budesonide. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic properties and therapeutic efficacy in asthma and rhinitis. 639 63

Acute epiglottitis in adults occurs more frequently than generally realized. Haemophilus influenzae type b is the major causative agent. While H influenzae resistant to ampicillin sodium has been associated with epiglottitis in children, no adult cases have been reported. We describe a 48-year-old woman with epiglottitis and associated typical rapid onset of sore throat, fever, respiratory distress, and swollen, red supraglottic structures. Blood cultures were positive for beta-lactamase-producing, ampicillin-resistant H influenzae. We conclude that H influenzae resistant to ampicillin should be considered when diagnosing and treating adult epiglottitis.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis and bacteremia with ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. 698 Jun 42

After a two week baseline, 209 asthmatic children (mean age 10 years, range 6-17) were randomly allocated to receive 4 mg nedocromil sodium (n = 110) or placebo (n = 99) four times daily for 12 weeks in addition to their current treatment. The children completed daily diary cards and visited the clinic at four week intervals. Statistically significant differences in favour of nedocromil sodium were seen for clinician assessment of asthma severity and diary card symptom scores, pulmonary function and inhaled beta 2 bronchodilator use. Total symptom score decreased by 50% from baseline in the nedocromil sodium group and by 9% in the placebo group during the final four weeks. Nedocromil sodium was considered very or moderately effective by 78% of children/parents (placebo 59%) and 73% of clinicians (placebo 50%). Nausea, headache and sleepiness, and dyspnoea led to withdrawal of one child from nedocromil sodium and placebo treatments, respectively. Reports of sore throat and headache were marginally greater with the nedocromil sodium treatment. It is concluded that nedocromil sodium was both effective and safe in the treatment of asthma in children.
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PMID:Double blind, placebo controlled study of nedocromil sodium in asthma. 838 17

A 5 year-old boy presented with fever, sore throat, diarrhea, and general soreness which evolved into encephalitis. His cerebrospinal fluid showed a cell count of 3 mononuclear cells/microliters, protein 2800 mg/l, and growth of Coxsackie virus B1. Cardiorespiratory arrest was noted after a convulsion and infusion of diazepam. Although he was immediately resuscitated, he remained unconscious with a modified Glasgow coma score of 4 or 3. He developed neurogenic diabetes insipidus 169 hours after the convulsion and died the next day. We conclude that although Coxsackie virus infection is usually benign it may become overwhelming and be complicated with neurogenic diabetes insipidus. It is important to recognize this potential sequel by regularly monitoring weight, intake and output, plasma sodium level, and urine specific gravity.
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PMID:Neurogenic diabetes insipidus in a child with fatal Coxsackie virus B1 encephalitis. 882 10

A 67-year-old male was admitted with consciousness disturbance (JCS, III-200) after completing a 12-day tour to east Africa without malaria chemoprophylaxis. When he visited the hospital one day prior to the admission complaining of fever and a slightly sore throat, he did not mention the travel history. Soon after his travel history was revealed, blood films were prepared which showed abundant ring forms accompanied with a small number of trophozoites and schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum, with the parasitemia of 26%. Despite intravenous quinine infusion, first that of loading dose, his consciousness state (JCS, III-300), renal and hepatic functions and anemia (Hb, 5.8 g/dL) deteriorated progressively. Moreover, metabolic acidosis worsened with pH of 6.954, HCO3- of 3.4 mEq/L, BE of--27.0 mEq/L, PCO2 15.5 mmHg by arterial blood gas analysis, although he received a large volume of sodium bicarbonate solution. The patient died on the 4th day of his illness. According to the literature, it is suggested that the treatment of metabolic acidosis in severe faciparum malaria with sodium bicarbonate is sometimes harmful, since it can result in sodium overloading, which may then precipitate pulmonary edema/ARDS. However, alternative treatment regimens have not yet been established. Future investigation on the etiology and the proper treatment of metabolic acidosis associated with severe falciparum malaria is highly needed.
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PMID:[A rapidly fatal case of severe falciparum malaria complicated with high-level metabolic acidosis]. 1086 Mar 64

The objective of this review was to compare the effects of prophylactic doses of nedocromil sodium (NCS) and sodium cromoglycate (SCG) on postexercise lung function, in persons diagnosed with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Randomized controlled trials were identified from the Cochrane Airways Review Group Asthma Register, plus hand searching for trials in journals, bibliographies of relevant studies and review articles. Randomized controlled trials comparing NCS to SCG in prophylactic treatment of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction were eligible. Studies were pooled using odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous outcomes or weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for continuous outcomes. No significant differences were noted between NCS and SCG with respect to the maximum per cent decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (WMD=-0.88; 95% CI -4.50-2.74), complete protection (OR=0.95; 95% CI 0.50-1.81), clinical protection (OR=0.71; 95% CI 0.36-1.39), unpleasant taste (OR=6.85; 95% CI 0.77-60.73), or sore throat (OR=3.46; 95% CI 0.32-37.48). Subgroup analyses based on age, dosages of medications and timing of exercise postinhalation were consistent with the overall pooled analyses. No significant differences were evident between the effects of nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate during the immediate postexercise period in adults and children with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, with regards to maximum per cent decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second, complete protection, or clinical protection. Side-effect profiles were similar.
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PMID:Nedocromil sodium versus sodium cromoglycate in treatment of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a systematic review. 1130 52

A case of spontaneous, isolated supraglottic haemorrhage in a patient recently started with warfarin sodium treatment is described. The symptoms of sore throat, dysphonia, stridor, dysphagia or a neck swelling in a patient taking anticoagulants should alert the clinician to the possibility of this rare but potentially fatal complication.
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PMID:Spontaneous supraglottic haemorrhage in a patient receiving warfarin sodium treatment. 1155 24


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