Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cardiovascular response to fiberoptic oral intubation under total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol or a balanced volatile technique with thiopentone/enflurane was compared in 50 patients of physical status ASA 1 and 2 who were scheduled for elective ear, nose and throat surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive propofol or enflurane. There was no significant difference between the two anaesthetic techniques in haemodynamic profile either before, during or after fibreoptic intubation (the study design was adequate to detect a 20% difference with > 90% statistical power), in incidence of postoperative sore throat or in time taken for intubation. In no patient did the oxygen saturation decrease to below 95% or the CO2 tension exceed 5.8 kPa.
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PMID:Cardiovascular effects of fibreoptic oral intubation. A comparison of a total intravenous and a balanced volatile technique. 148 24

A randomized, double-blind study was carried out on 193 ASA I-II surgical patients to assess the effect of aerosolized lidocaine on sore throat, hoarseness and cough in connection with tracheal intubation. The study group received aerosolized lidocaine 100 mg 2 min before tracheal intubation, using a spray. The control group received no spray. The patients underwent a standardized general anaesthesia. The patients were interviewed when leaving the recovery room and the next day in the ward. Specific questions were asked regarding sore throat, cough and hoarseness. There were no significant differences between the two groups, which suggests that topical anaesthesia of the mucosa of the upper airway is ineffective as a means of ameliorating airway complaints in connection with tracheal intubation.
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PMID:Prophylactic laryngo-tracheal aerosolized lidocaine against postoperative sore throat. 151 31

Despite its frequent clinical use in analgesic agents, caffeine has not been accepted unequivocally as an analgesic adjuvant. To evaluate this activity of caffeine, we used new study methods in a randomized controlled trial on patients with acute sore throat due to tonsillopharyngitis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of one of three treatments: 800 mg of aspirin with 64 mg of caffeine (n = 70), 800 mg of aspirin (n = 68), or placebo (n = 69). Under double-blind conditions, during a 2-hour evaluation period, patients used different rating scales to assess pain intensity, change in pain, relief, and two qualities of throat pain, how swollen the throat felt, and difficulty swallowing. Aspirin with caffeine and aspirin alone were significantly more effective than placebo for all efficacy measurements from 30 minutes through 2 hours and overall. The aspirin-caffeine combination also showed evidence of activity at 15 minutes on the relief scale. Aspirin with caffeine was more effective than aspirin alone after 30 minutes and over the entire study period. For patients with fever, both active treatments were equally effective antipyretic agents. We conclude, therefore, that 800 mg of aspirin, given alone or with 64 mg of caffeine, is an effective analgesic and antipyretic agent. Because the aspirin-caffeine combination is significantly more effective than aspirin alone as an analgesic, we also conclude that 64 mg of caffeine is an analgesic adjuvant.
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PMID:Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant. A double-blind study comparing aspirin with caffeine to aspirin and placebo in patients with sore throat. 201 56

Fibreoptic orotracheal intubation was compared with orthodox laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation using a total i.v. technique with propofol in 60 ASA I and II patients. There was no significant difference between the two techniques in haemodynamic profile (before, during and following the intubation procedure) and incidence of postoperative sore throat. Minimal oxygen saturation was 96% during the study; maximal end-tidal PCO2 after intubation was 5.4 kPa. Intubation time was faster (P less than 0.01) in the orthodox group (30.7 (SEM 2.3) s) than in the fibreoptic group (52.7 (4.8) s).
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PMID:Comparison of orthodox with fibreoptic orotracheal intubation under total i.v. anaesthesia. 203 22

In 1985 Brain et al. published their first experience with the laryngeal mask, developed by themselves. With this mask it is possible to seal the larynx and ventilate a patient during anesthesia without endotracheal intubation. Meanwhile, further reports of successful use have been published, especially in Great Britain. We decided to investigate this new anesthetic device. In 15 patients (ASA groups I and II) undergoing elective operations in the supine position the laryngeal mask was inserted after induction of anesthesia with propofol and alfentanil (Fig. 1). Positioning of the laryngeal mask was carried out as described by Brain. In all patients the laryngeal masks could be inserted without any problems, manual ventilation of the patient was performed immediately, and ventilating pressures never exceeded 15 cm H2O. We observed neither complications related to airway control nor technical problems. Cardiovascular parameters and arterial oxygen saturations were always in the normal range (Fig. 2). In 3 patients quick movements of the head were carried out during repositioning of a fractured zygomatic arch, but no complications due to a possible changed position of the laryngeal mask occurred. Postoperatively two patients reported airway complaints such as sore throat. Our investigation confirmed the previously described advantages of the laryngeal mask. We consider its use to be especially indicated in general anesthesia for short surgical or diagnostic procedures or if specific complications of endotracheal intubation should be avoided. A critical aspect in the use of the laryngeal mask is the fact that there is no complete isolation of the trachea and, therefore, an insufflation of the stomach or aspiration could occur, especially during critical situations (e.g. bronchospasms).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The use of the laryngeal mask--a practical method?]. 205 28

A patient (ASA class I) scheduled for an elective gynecological operation, could not be intubated by conventional means, as no part of the glottis could be seen on direct laryngoscopy. Endotracheal intubation was successful on the first attempt using a lighted intubation stylet (Tube-Stat, Concept Corporation, Clearwater, Florida, USA). Transillumination of the neck tissues acted as a guide for correct placement of the endotracheal tube. Postoperatively, the patient complained of hoarseness and sore throat that cleared up completely within 5 days. Cases of difficult-intubation are often impossible to recognize preoperatively [3]. When problems arise, a difficult-intubation drill should be instituted without delay. The view obtained at laryngoscopy in our patient corresponded to a Grade III case according to the classification of Cormack and Lehane [3]. Our usual routine in such cases calls for blind intubation using a flexible introducer passed posteriorly to the epiglottis or blind nasal intubation. Recent reports testify to the potential dangers of blind procedures [4, 19, 23]. Light-wand-guided intubation has been reported to be an easily learned, atraumatic alternative to laryngoscopic or blind nasal intubation [6, 9]. We employed the Tube-Stat light-wand in a series of routine surgical cases with encouraging results. Our case report documents our first patient intubated with the light-wand after failure of conventional larnygoscopy. The first lighted stylet was described some 30 years ago, and the method of transillumination as an aid in difficult intubation developed over the following years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The Tube-Stat: a useful aid in difficult intubation]. 271 27

Eighty-eight patients in ASA classes 1 or 2 and aged between 18-65 years, who were to undergo anaesthesia, were allocated randomly to a group with or without an airway. Methohexitone, nitrous oxide, alfentanil and enflurane were used, with the patients breathing spontaneously. This study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of sore throat, or any other related symptom, and concludes that the use of an oropharyngeal airway does not increase morbidity among nonintubated patients.
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PMID:Postoperative sore throat related to the use of a Guedel airway. 341 26

This study investigated plasma concentration profiles, pharmacokinetic characteristics and side-effects of lidocaine following 3 different administration techniques. Sixty ASA I/II patients undergoing elective ENT-operations were randomised into 4 groups. Lidocaine 1% (1 mg/kg) was administered 50 min before the end of the operation, via a regular endotracheal tube (group 1), a suction-catheter deep endobronchially (group 2), or an EDGAR-(Endobronchial-Drug and Gas Application during Resuscitation)-tube characterized by a separate injection channel ending at the orifice of the tube (group 3). For the control group, a regular endotracheal tube was inserted without lidocaine administration (group 4). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg), sufentanil (0.5 micrograms/kg), and vecuronium (0.08 mg/kg) and continued as total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (8 mg/kg/h) and oxygen in air (FiO2 = 0.33). A control and 13 blood samples were taken up to 180 min after lidocaine administration. Lidocaine plasma concentrations were determined using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (TDxFLx). Heart rate, blood pressure, endtidal PcO2, and oxygen saturation were similar in all groups investigated. Ventilation was interrupted for 3.6 +/- 0.5 s in group 1 and 10.2 +/- 0.8 s in group 2, to administer lidocaine. Patients from group 3 were ventilated continuously because of a separate injection channel integrated in the EDGAR-tube. Sore throat was significantly increased in group 2 as compared with groups 1, 3 and 4. Asorption of lidocaine in groups 1-3 resulted in maximal mean plasma concentrations ranging from 0.78 to 0.85 micrograms/ml after 16.9 to 22.4 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The technique of endobronchial lidocaine administration does not influence plasma concentration profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters in humans. 778 24

Are patients who are provided with details about anaesthesia risks on the eve of surgery better informed, and does the information increase their anxiety? Forty (ASA Class I or II) patients scheduled for surgery requiring general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to either a routine or a detailed information group. Levels of anxiety were assessed by the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Actual knowledge of risks was assessed by a special visual analogue scale. Patients had experienced an average of five previous anaesthetics and so most patients in both groups knew the risks of common complications such as nausea and sore throat and were able to represent them accurately on the visual analogue scale. The detailed group, however, had gained more accurate knowledge of the likelihood of two rare complications, death (P < 0.001) and serious tooth damage (P < 0.05). Notwithstanding, there was no difference between the groups in anxiety. Thus, provision of detailed information about the risks of the complications of general anaesthesia did increase patients' knowledge but did not increase patients' levels of anxiety.
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PMID:The effects of providing preoperative statistical anaesthetic-risk information. 812 37

One hundred ASA grade 1 and 2 patients requiring orotracheal intubation for various general surgical procedures were randomly assigned to receive either expert rigid laryngoscopic or novice fibreoptic orotracheal intubation under total intravenous anaesthesia. Five anaesthesia residents in the 4th year, with no prior experience in fibreoptic laryngoscopy, participated in a fibreoptic training course, viewing two instructional videos and practising on the intubation manikin. Each resident intubated 20 patients in a randomised fashion either as an expert laryngoscopist or as a fibreoptic novice. The time (SEM) to achieve successful intubation was statistically different for fibreoptic and rigid intubation (77.2 (5.1) s vs 17.7 (1.6) s, p < 0.01). The time to achieve successful rigid laryngoscopic intubation remained constant over the ten intubations, whereas time required for fibreoptic intubation decreases significantly (p < 0.01). The learning objectives (fibreoptic intubation times in 60 s or less and with 90% or greater success rate on the first intubation attempt) were met by all residents. The haemodynamic profile was similar for fibreoptically intubated and conventionally intubated patients and there was no difference between the first two or the last two fibreoptic or rigid intubations. The study was designed to detect a difference of 10% in means (assuming alpha = 0.05 and beta < or = 0.2). The incidence of postoperative sore throat, dysphagia or hoarseness was similar in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Teaching fibreoptic intubation in anaesthetised patients. 817 44


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