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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this questionnaire study, the authors compared the prevalence of certain symptoms and signs associated with Sick Building Syndrome and perceptions relative to environmental discomfort of employees in a central-air-conditioned dropping center and in natural-ventilation commercial shops located on the streets of Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. There was a statistically significant higher prevalence of symptoms (e.g., water and itching of eyes, sore throat, nose irritation, difficulty breathing, skin irritation, sneezing) that were characteristic of Sick Building Syndrome in the air-conditioned building than in the naturally ventilated stores. The results indicated that there exists a continuing need for further research in Brazilian work environments.
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PMID:Effect of ventilation systems on prevalence of symptoms associated with "sick buildings" in Brazilian commercial establishments. 1100 34

Some 150 cases of oncocytic laryngeal cysts have been published. We report another case of laryngeal oncocytic cysts with atypical presentation of acute, progressive stridor and sore throat. Literature was reviewed with special regard to etiology, clinical presentation, imaging, incidence, localization, associated lesions and treatment options. Oncocytic laryngeal cysts are rare, but may be underreported. They represent a separate clinicopathological entity in the group of all laryngeal cysic lesions and occur in persons over 60 years. The symptomatology varies from asymptomatic to hoarseness and dyspnea. Diagnosis is made by histological examination. Treatment is surgical. Although it is a benign lesion, follow up is recommended, as recurrence is possible.
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PMID:Oncocytic laryngeal cysts: a case report and literature review. 1125 95

Pneumomediastinum in children is diagnosed in two circumstances: cervical subcutaneous emphysema or radiological findings. The predominant symptoms are dyspnoea, stabbing chest pain, sore throat and dysphagia. Traumatic injuries and pulmonary diseases such as asthma are the most common causes of pneumomediastinum. It may rarely result from iatrogenic manoeuvres or acidocetosis. Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema is seldom reported in children. Chest X-ray films are essential investigations. The treatment is directed towards the underlying cause, with conservative management being sufficient in most cases. However, the risk of surveying of pneumothorax or tension pneumomediastinum justifies close clinical follow-up in a specialised care unit. The onset of these pathologies necessitates a more aggressive therapy by aspiration through percutaneous catheter placed in the mediastinum.
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PMID:[Pneumomediastinum in children]. 1149 20

Today, rheumatic fever is the most common cause of heart disease in children and young adults, and it accounts for about half of all cardiovascular diseases causing death in the first four decades of life, in India. In the present study, conducted during 1991-1992 at Chennai, India, a total of 666 school girls aged 5-15 years were examined clinically for one or more of the following signs and symptoms: repeated sore throat, joint pain/swelling, epistaxis, chest pain, breathlessness, palpitation, abdominal pains, etc. Out of the 666 children screened, 124 were recruited for the present study, based on their meeting one or more of the above mentioned clinical criteria. They were screened for the presence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, and for antistreptolysin O and C-reactive protein. Thus, the aim of the present study was to reduce the load of streptococcal infection and the consequent risk of developing rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. In the present study group, 89.5% of the children indicated a history of repeated sore throat. However, only 4.0% of the children in the study group were positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. The antistreptolysin O and C-reactive protein levels were higher in 11- to 15-year-old patients than in 5- to 10-year-old patients in the study group.
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PMID:Isolation of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in the tonsillopharynx of school children in Madras City and correlation with their clinical features. 1168 81

An 18-year-old man was admitted because of high fever, a sore throat and dyspnoea. Additional investigations revealed tonsillitis, lung abscesses and thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. Lemierre's syndrome was diagnosed.
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PMID:[Diagnostic image (111). A dyspnoeic man with fever and a sore throat. Lemierre's syndrome]. 1242 62

Acute epiglottitis can be a serious life-threatening disease because of its potential for sudden upper airway obstruction. It is a well-recognised entity in children but it is uncommon in adults and therefore is often misdiagnosed. In this retrospective study we present twelve cases of acute epiglottitis in adults. The diagnosis was made by visualisation of the epiglottis using fibreoptic laryngoscopy. The illness was managed using a standardised management protocol (see Appendix). The most frequent symptoms were odynophagia (100%), inability to swallow secretions (83%), sore throat (67%), dyspnoea (58%) and hoarseness (50%). Body temperature was elevated (>37.2 degrees C) in 75% and 50% of the patients had tachycardia (>100 bpm). The supposedly typical sign of stridor was found in only 42% of the cases. A routine oropharyngeal examination does not exclude epiglottitis, 44% of our patients had a normal oropharynx and the diagnosis could only be made following fibreoptic laryngoscopy. Nasotracheal intubation was necessary in four patients. A 40-year-old man with sore throat, hoarseness, cough and odynophagia was initially seen by a physician. With the suspected diagnosis of an infection - induced exacerbation of bronchial asthma, he was treated with antibiotics, paracetamol und corticosteroids. On admission six hours later the patient was in coma. The diagnosis was not made until conventional oral endotracheal intubation (without a tracheotomy set placed at the bedside) was attempted. Unfortunately the intubation failed and the patient died. Medical management of epiglottitis in adults includes an antibiotics, NSAIDs and possibly inhalation with adrenaline. The maintenance of an adequate open airway is the main concern in adults as well as in children. Although most adults have no signs of airway obstruction, the clinical threshold for insertion of an airway should remain low, as it is the only way of preventing death. A high index of suspicion is needed to recognise this rare disease correctly and patients must be admitted to a hospital with intensive care facilities, where the diagnosis can be confirmed and intubation performed if necessary and thus reduce the mortality rate.
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PMID:Acute epiglottis in adults. 1255 59

Differentiation between abacavir hypersensitivity and viral respiratory infections is problematic. Fifteen cases of abacavir hypersensitivity were matched to 30 controls with culture proven influenza A with no abacavir exposure. Rash was associated with hypersensitivity (odds ratio [OR] = 13.1, P = 0.02) as was the presence of nausea (OR = 30, P < 0.001), vomiting (OR = 17.1, P = 0.001) or diarrhoea (OR = 22, P < 0.001). The number of gastrointestinal symptoms was also predictive of hypersensitivity reaction (P < 0.001). Respiratory symptoms (cough, sore throat, or dyspnoea) were not associated with abacavir hypersensitivity (OR = 0.08, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the following associations for abacavir hypersensitivity: the number of gastrointestinal symptoms (OR = 8.6, P = 0.0032), cough (OR = 0.039, P = 0.02) and rash (OR = 16.9, P = 0.07). Abacavir hypersensitivity is strongly associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Cough without GI symptoms is associated with influenza.
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PMID:Comparison of symptoms of influenza A with abacavir-associated hypersensitivity reaction. 1286 29

Respiratory difficulty is a common presenting complaint in the outpatient primary care setting. Because patients may first seek care by calling their physician's office, telephone triage plays a role in the early management of dyspnea. Once the patient is in the office, the initial goal of assessment is to determine the severity of the dyspnea with respect to the need for oxygenation and intubation. Unstable patients typically present with abnormal vital signs, altered mental status, hypoxia, or unstable arrhythmia, and require supplemental oxygen, intravenous access and, possibly, intubation. Subsequent management depends on the differential diagnosis established by a proper history, physical examination, and ancillary studies. Dyspnea is most commonly caused by respiratory and cardiac disorders. Other causes may be upper airway obstruction, metabolic acidosis, a psychogenic disorder, or a neuromuscular condition. Differential diagnoses in children include bronchiolitis, croup, epiglottitis, and foreign body aspiration. Pertinent history findings include cough, sore throat, chest pain, edema, and orthopnea. The physical examination should focus on vital signs and the heart, lungs, neck, and lower extremities. Significant physical signs are fever, rales, wheezing, cyanosis, stridor, or absent breath sounds. Diagnostic work-up includes pulse oximetry, complete blood count, electrocardiography, and chest radiography. If the patient is admitted to the emergency department or hospital, blood gases, ventilation-perfusion scan, D-dimer tests, and spiral computed tomography can help clarify the diagnosis. In a stable patient, management depends on the underlying etiology of the dyspnea.
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PMID:Acute dyspnea in the office. 1462 Jun

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cause morbidity, hospital admissions, and mortality, and strongly influence health-related quality of life. Some patients are prone to frequent exacerbations, which are associated with considerable physiologic deterioration and increased airway inflammation. About half of COPD exacerbations are caused or triggered primarily by bacterial and viral infections (colds, especially from rhinovirus), but air pollution can contribute to the beginning of an exacerbation. Type 1 exacerbations involve increased dyspnea, sputum volume, and sputum purulence; Type 2 exacerbations involve any two of the latter symptoms, and Type 3 exacerbations involve one of those symptoms combined with cough, wheeze, or symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Exacerbations are more common than previously believed (2.5-3 exacerbations per year); many exacerbations are treated in the community and not associated with hospital admission. We found that about half of exacerbations were unreported by the patients, despite considerable encouragement to do so, and, instead, were only diagnosed from patients' diary cards. COPD patients are accustomed to frequent symptom changes, and this may explain their tendency to underreport exacerbations. COPD patients tend to be anxious and depressed about the disease and some might not seek treatment. At the beginning of an exacerbation physiologic changes such as decreases in peak flow and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)) are usually small and therefore are not useful in predicting exacerbations, but larger decreases in peak flow are associated with dyspnea and the presence of symptomatic upper-respiratory viral infection. More pronounced physiologic changes during exacerbation are related to longer exacerbation recovery time. Dyspnea, common colds, sore throat, and cough increase significantly during prodrome, indicating that respiratory viruses are important exacerbation triggers. However, the prodrome is relatively short and not useful in predicting onset. As colds are associated with longer and more severe exacerbations, a COPD patient who develops a cold should be considered for early therapy. Physiologic recovery after an exacerbation is often incomplete, which decreases health-related quality of life and resistance to future exacerbations, so it is important to identify COPD patients who suffer frequent exacerbations and to convince them to take precautions to minimize the risk of colds and other exacerbation triggers. Exacerbation frequency may vary with the severity of the COPD. Exacerbation frequency may or may not increase with the severity of the COPD. As the COPD progresses, exacerbations tend to have more symptoms and take longer to recover from. Twenty-five to fifty percent of COPD patients suffer lower airway bacteria colonization, which is related to the severity of COPD and cigarette smoking and which begins a cycle of epithelial cell damage, impaired mucociliary clearance, mucus hypersecretion, increased submucosal vascular leakage, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Elevated sputum interleukin-8 levels are associated with higher bacterial load and faster FEV(1) decline; the bacteria increase airway inflammation in the stable patient, which may accelerate disease progression. A 2-week course of oral corticosteroids is as beneficial as an 8-week course, with fewer adverse effects, and might extend the time until the next exacerbation. Antibiotics have some efficacy in treating exacerbations. Exacerbation frequency increases with progressive airflow obstruction; so patients with chronic respiratory failure are particularly susceptible to exacerbation.
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PMID:Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1465 61

Pneumomediastinum and cervical emphysema usually occur following esophageal or chest trauma. Rarely do they occur as a complication of childbirth, and only approximately 200 such cases have been reported in the literature worldwide. We describe a new case, and we review the clinical picture, pathophysiology, and management of these conditions. In view of the head and neck symptoms of pneumomediastinum and cervical emphysema during labor--which include dyspnea, cough, sore throat, pain on swallowing, and dysphagia--otolaryngologists might be consulted and should therefore be aware of these conditions in order to recognize and treat them.
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PMID:Cervical emphysema secondary to pneumomediastinum as a complication of childbirth. 1470 79


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