Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The insertion of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) may result in postoperative sore throat. The choice of induction drug on airway morbidity after LMA insertion may be important. We performed this study to compare the incidence of postoperative pharyngeal morbidity after the insertion of a LMA in 340 patients administered either 2 mg/kg propofol (group P) or thiopental 5 mg/kg (group T) for induction of anesthesia. Patients were maintained at 1-2 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration sevoflurane in 50% oxygen/air. Spontaneous or assisted spontaneous ventilation was maintained. An investigator blinded to group allocation visited patients at 2, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. Adverse responses were noted (yes/no) at each time point including sore throat, sore mouth, sore jaw, hoarseness, dysphonia, and dysphagia. At 2 h postoperatively, the incidence of sore throat, dysphagia, and postoperative nausea and vomiting in group T was higher than in group P (24% vs 13% for sore throat, 15% vs 3% for dysphagia, 20% vs 11% for nausea, 14% vs 6% for vomiting, P < 0.05). The number-needed-to-treat to prevent sore throat and dysphagia was 10 and 8, respectively (95% confidence intervals, 5-43). We concluded that, when propofol, rather than thiopental, is used for the induction of anesthesia, it results in a lower incidence of early pharyngeal morbidity and postoperative nausea and vomiting after the insertion of a LMA.
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PMID:Propofol causes less postoperative pharyngeal morbidity than thiopental after the use of a laryngeal mask airway. 1871 36

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) arises outside the bone marrow, particularly in the head and neck region (nasopharynx, nose cavity, sinuses, and tonsils), and can be associated with multiple myeloma (MM). Three cases of EMP in the head and neck region are described: a first case describes an EMP of the subglottis 3 years after treatment of MM, a second case of an EMP solitary in the middle ear presenting as a jugular foramen syndrome, and a third case of an EMP localised at the epiglottis, recurring at the floor of the nose cavity. Treatment of each EMP was surgical. We reviewed literature about aetiology, clinical course, diagnostics, treatment and prognosis. Important presenting symptoms vary from epistaxis, rhinorrhoea, a sore throat, dysphonia to haemoptoea. Association with MM must be confirmed or excluded. Histopathological examination, with immunological staining or flow cytometry confirms the diagnosis. CT and MRI are useful in staging EMP. The treatment of EMP is surgery and/or radiotherapy. The prognosis depends on tumour size (>5 cm) and nodal involvement. The 10-year survival rate is 50-80%.
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PMID:Extramedullary plasmacytomas in the head and neck region. 1829 69

Sore throat and dysphonia are a significant source of postoperative discomfort for patients scheduled for breast surgery who have been intubated for general anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative pharyngo-laryngeal pain and dysphonia in the use of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or tracheal intubation in these patients. In a prospective, double-blind, randomised clinical trial we studied 53 women undergoing elective breast surgery to test the hypothesis that the use of the LMA could reduce the incidence of pharyngo-laryngeal morbidity compared with tracheal intubation. Postoperative sore throat and hoarseness were assessed at 6 and 24h by a standardised interview. The incidence of postoperative sore throat was significantly higher in the case of tracheal intubation at 6h (74% vs. 27%, p=0.0003) and at 24h (27% vs. 0%, p=0.004). The incidence of hoarseness was significantly higher in the tracheal intubation group than in the LMA group at 6h after surgery (40% vs. 15%, p=0.04), but not at 24h. Compared with tracheal intubation, the use of the LMA is associated with a lower incidence of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness and may contribute for improving patient comfort after breast surgery.
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PMID:Pharyngo-laryngeal discomfort after breast surgery: comparison between orotracheal intubation and laryngeal mask. 1910 89

We compared the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and the laryngeal tube (LT) with the perilaryngeal airway (CobraPLA, PLA) in anaesthetised, paralysed children having brief surgical procedures. After obtaining informed consent, 90 paediatric ASA Status 1 and 2 patients awaiting short surgical procedures were randomised to have their airways managed with an LMA, LT or PLA. Anaesthesia was induced with sevoflurane (2.5 to 4%) and muscle paralysis with mivacurium (0.2 mg/kg intravenously). The number of insertion attempts, time taken to insert the device, haemodynamic responses to insertion (mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, pulse oximetry and end-tidal CO2), clinical performance and occurrence of postoperative sore throat were recorded. When the airway device was removed, it was examined for visible blood. Patients and parents were asked about the occurrence of sore throat, dysphonia and dysphagia 24 hours postoperatively. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, pulse oximetry and end tidal CO2 did not differ among the groups. Insertion times for the devices were similar (LMA: 19+/-11 seconds, LT 21+/-12 seconds, PLA: 18+/-12 seconds), as were the rates of successful insertion at first attempt (LMA 66.7%; LT 70.0%; PLA 73.3%). The number and type of airway interventions to achieve an effective airway were comparable. When the airways were removed, positive blood traces were noted on 20% of the LMAs, 20% of the PLAs and 10% of the LTs. Haemodynamic, ventilation and oxygenation variables throughout the surgery were similar with LMA, LT and PLA and there were no significant differences in insertion time or signs or symptoms of mucosal trauma when these devices were used in paralysed children.
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PMID:Comparison of the laryngeal mask (LMA) and laryngeal tube (LT) with the perilaryngeal airway (cobraPLA) in brief paediatric surgical procedures. 1856 5

The diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is increasingly common in otolaryngology practice. Patients with nonspecific throat and voice symptoms, such as throat clearing, hoarseness, cough, sore throat, and globus, are frequently treated empirically with antireflux medication by otolaryngologists and primary care physicians. Physical findings such as laryngeal erythema, edema, and posterior laryngeal mucosal thickening are also frequently attributed to LPR. The literature has been inconsistent, with few prospective, randomized trials showing efficacy for this clinical practice. Because of the lack of specific signs and symptoms of LPR, clinicians should be aware of other potential causes for these clinical presentations. Recently published studies describe the association between allergy or asthma and many of the same symptoms attributed to reflux disease. Muscle tension dysphonia can also present with hoarseness and symptoms of throat irritation. Although LPR can cause the symptoms and signs described previously, it should not be the only diagnosis considered by the evaluating physician. Failure to consider other possible causes may result in unnecessary treatment and potential delay in diagnosis. This article discusses this topic, citing some of the pertinent literature published over the past 2 years.
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PMID:Otolaryngological perspective on patients with throat symptoms and laryngeal irritation. 1862 26

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with laryngopharyngeal symptoms, the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and Helicobacter Pylori infection and treatment response to proton pump inhibitors. Forty-five patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux diseases related symptoms (sore throat, throat burning, throat clearing, globus sensation, cough, halitozis, dysphonia, dysphagia, postnasal dripping, vocal fatigue, and sputum) were included in this study. For pre-therapeutic and post-therapeutic comparison, symptoms and laryngological findings were graded on a 4-point scale. The patients underwent upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy. During endoscopy, antral biopsies from the stomach were obtained to detect H. Pylori. Antireflux medication with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and H. Pylori eradication therapy if present were prescribed to the patients. The improvement in symptoms and laryngological findings were evaluated after treatment. By means of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), reflux was detected in only 11% of patients. But there can be reflux patients other than the detected ones. Although, H. Pylori was present in 62% of patients, no correlation was found between H. Pylori positivity and symptoms. All patients responded well to antireflux treatment and H. Pylori eradication therapy. Laryngopharyngeal symptoms and findings can be predictors of gastroesophageal diseases when response to reflux treatment is taken into account.
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PMID:Association of laryngopharyngeal manifestations and gastroesophageal reflux. 1864 36

Endotracheal intubation (ETT) can cause emergence phenomena (EP) including coughing, sore throat, and dysphonia. Two methods used to prevent EP are the administration of local anesthetics directly onto airway structures using a specialized laryngotracheal instillation of topical anesthesia (LITA) tube (Sheridan Catheter Corporation, Argyle, New York) or the placement of a local anesthetic into the ETT cuff. The purpose of this study was to determine which method was better at preventing ERl In this prospective, randomized, comparative analysis, a sample of 160 ASA class I through III patients were randomly assigned to receive their EP prophylaxes either by placement of alkalinized lidocaine directly into the ETT cuff at intubation or by injection into a specialized port on the LITA tube approximately 30 minutes before extubation. Variables measured included the incidence and severity of sore throat, coughing, and dysphonia for the first 24 hours following surgery. The incidence of cough and sore throat was higher in the LITA group, achieving significance in the postanesthesia care unit and after discharge to home. No difference in any of the other variables was noted between groups. Our study demonstrated greater efficacy in decreasing the incidence and severity of EP by placing an alkalinized solution of lidocaine into the ETT cuff on intubation.
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PMID:Comparison of 2 laryngeal tracheal anesthesia techniques in reducing emergence phenomena. 1909 Mar 10

The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the objective vocal quality and the vocal characteristics (vocal risk factors, vocal and corporal complaints) in 143 female student teachers during the 3 years of study. The objective vocal quality was measured by means of the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI). Perceptual voice assessment, the Voice Handicap Index, questionnaires addressing vocal risks, and vocal and corporal complaints during and/or after voice usage were performed. Student teachers have a normal perceptual and objective vocal quality corresponding with a DSI% of 76. The analysis of variance revealed a significant improvement of the vocal quality between the first and the third year of study. No psychosocial handicapping effect of the voice was observed, though there are some vocal complaints and almost all student teachers reported the presence of corporal pain during and/or after speaking. Especially sore throat and headache were mentioned as the most present corporal pain symptoms. Due to the decreased awareness and the multifactorial genesis of the potential vocal risk factors, the student teachers are at risk for developing an occupational dysphonia during their teaching career. Because teaching is a high-risk profession for the development of voice problems, the incorporation of a direct vocal training technique to increase vocal endurance during teaching together with a vocal hygiene program, dietetics, and a stress management training program during the 3 years of study is needed to prevent occupational dysphonia.
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PMID:The vocal quality in female student teachers during the 3 years of study. 1983

The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the objective vocal quality and the vocal characteristics (vocal risk factors, vocal and corporal complaints) in 197 female students in speech-language pathology during the 4 years of study. The objective vocal quality was measured by means of the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI). Perceptual voice assessment, the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), questionnaires addressing vocal risks, and vocal and corporal complaints during and/or after voice usage were performed. Speech-language pathology (SLP) students have a borderline vocal quality corresponding to a DSI% of 68. The analysis of variance revealed no significant change of the objective vocal quality between the first bachelor year and the master year. No psychosocial handicapping effect of the voice was observed by means of the VHI total, though there was an effect at the functional VHI level in addition to some vocal complaints. Ninety-three percent of the student SLPs reported the presence of corporal pain during and/or after speaking. In particular, sore throat and headache were mentioned as the prevalent corporal pain symptoms. A longitudinal study of the objective vocal quality of the same subjects during their career as an SLP might provide new insights.
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PMID:The objective vocal quality, vocal risk factors, vocal complaints, and corporal pain in Dutch female students training to be speech-language pathologists during the 4 years of study. 1989 99

A 61-year-old man receiving anticoagulant therapy after the aortic valve replacement underwent emergency surgery for acute appendicitis. Although the patient was intubated with difficulty, no immediate complications were evident after extubation. On the evening of the first postoperative day he complained of a sore throat, difficulty in swallowing and dysphonia. The swelling of the tongue with right-side predominance and the swelling of the right neck were observed. The right-sided sublingual hematoma was confirmed by CT. The symptoms improved with steroid administration. The possibility of airway obstruction due to hematoma of the tongue should be considered in patients on anticoagulant therapy.
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PMID:[Case of sublingual hematoma following difficult laryngoscopy in a patient on anticoagulant therapy]. 2134 59


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