Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is a frequently used efficient airway device, yet it sometimes seals poorly, thus reducing the efficacy of positive-pressure ventilation. The Perilaryngeal Airway (CobraPLA) is a novel airway device with a larger pharyngeal cuff (when inflated). We tested the hypothesis that the CobraPLA was superior to the LMA with regard to insertion time and airway sealing pressure and comparable to the LMA in airway adequacy and recovery characteristics. After midazolam and fentanyl administration, 81 ASA physical status I-II outpatients having elective surgery were randomized to receive an LMA or CobraPLA. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2.5 mg/kg IV), and the airway was inserted. We measured 1) insertion time; 2) adequacy of the airway (no leak at 15-cm-H2O peak pressure or tidal volume of 5 mL/kg); 3) airway sealing pressure; 4) number of repositioning attempts; and 5) sealing quality (no leak at tidal volume of 8 mL/kg). At the end of surgery, gastric insufflation, postoperative sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia were evaluated. Data were compared with unpaired Student's t-tests, chi2 tests, or Fisher's exact tests; P < 0.05 was significant. Patient characteristics, insertion times, airway adequacy, number of repositioning attempts, and recovery were similar in each group. Airway sealing pressure was significantly greater with CobraPLA (23 +/- 6 cm H2O) than LMA (18 +/- 5 cm H2O, P < 0.001). The CobraPLA has insertion characteristics similar to the LMA but better airway sealing capabilities.
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PMID:The new perilaryngeal airway (CobraPLA) is as efficient as the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) but provides better airway sealing pressures. 1528 43

Sore throat is a common postoperative complaint. We investigated whether preemptive benzydamine hydrochloride (BH) treatment could prevent sore throat due to a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) cuff inflated with air. One-hundred ASA status I-II patients who underwent general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, four puffs of BH were applied to the pharynx 30 min before the operation and 5 min before the induction of anesthesia. Distilled water with a similar bottle was applied with the same protocol in the second group. Anesthetic induction was provided with propofol and fentanyl. The pressure of the LMA cuff inflated with room air was measured after the first adjustment and after 30, 60, and 90 min of inflation in both groups. At the end of operation, the LMA was removed after the recovery of spontaneous breathing. After the operation, patients were asked about sore throat symptoms at the first, second, and fourth hours. There were no significant differences between groups for cuff pressures, cuff volumes, analgesic doses, or operation times. However, sore throat symptoms were significantly less severe for the BH group during both resting and swallowing. In conclusion, preemptive topical BH may decrease the incidence of sore throat due to LMA use.
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PMID:Does benzydamine hydrochloride applied preemptively reduce sore throat due to laryngeal mask airway? 1533 99

It was the aim of this clinical study to demonstrate the efficacy of 1000 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, CAS 50-78-2) in combination with 60 mg pseudoephedrine (PSE, CAS 90-82-4), compared with placebo, in the symptomatic treatment of nasal congestion associated with the common cold. A further aim was to demonstrate the efficacy of 500 mg ASA + 30 mg PSE and of 1000 mg paracetamol (CAS 103-90-2) + 60 mg PSE (active control) in the symptomatic treatment of nasal congestion. The study was designed as a randomized, two-center, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-dose efficacy and safety trial over 6 h and was carried out in the USA. In total, at two centers, 643 patients who had a history and diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), were included; they showed symptoms such as nasal congestion, scratchy/sore throat, headache, generalized muscle ache, earache, runny nose, fever, sneezing etc. The investigational drugs ASA and PSE were both provided as granules in sachets and the granules were dissolved in water before administration; the combined preparation of paracetamol + PSE was administered as commercially available tablets encapsulated for blinding. For all preparations, matching placebos were provided. The primary efficacy variable was the area under the curve for differences from baseline on a nasal congestion scale in the first 2 h after treatment. To be eligible for the study, otherwise healthy volunteers were to present with nasal stuffiness of recent onset that reached a score of at least 6 on the 11-point scale for nasal congestion (0 = not stuffy, 10 = very stuffy). The primary analysis of the primary efficacy variable was calculated by analysis of variance including treatment group, severity (moderate/severe) and center as main strata. The analysis was performed using the intent-to-treat population. All active treatments proved to be statistically significantly superior to placebo with regard to the primary efficacy variable. Significant superiority of active treatment compared with placebo could also be demonstrated for an interval of up to 6 h after intake of the drug and for the relief of nasal congestion. The lower dose did not reveal significant different results compared with placebo for relief of nasal congestion in patients with a severe nasal congestion score at baseline. As well in patients with moderate nasal congestion score (NCS) at start of the study the difference from baseline in the NCS compared with placebo was not statistically significant. Thus a trend towards better efficacy in the higher dose could be assumed. No difference was found between 1000 mg ASA + 60 mg PSE and the active control. There were no differences between the two centers. The treatment proved to be safe and well tolerated, without relevant differences between the four treatment groups. Main adverse events were found to be related to the upper respiratory tract infection or were of gastrointestinal nature. In conclusion, the combination of ASA with PSE can be considered as an effective and safe remedial for the symptomatic treatment of the nasal congestion during URTI.
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PMID:Clinical, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigating the combination of acetylsalicylic acid and pseudoephedrine for the symptomatic treatment of nasal congestion associated with common cold. 1550 Jan 97

The laryngeal mask airway (LMA)-Fastrach silicone wire-reinforced tracheal tube (FTST) was specially designed for tracheal intubation through the intubating LMA (ILMA). However, conventional tracheal tubes have been successfully used to accomplish tracheal intubation. We designed this study to evaluate the success rate of blind tracheal intubation through the ILMA by using the FTST, the Rusch polyvinyl chloride tube (PVCT), and the Rusch latex armored tube (LAT). One-hundred-fifty healthy adults of ASA physical status I and II who were undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups. FTST (n=50), prewarmed PVCT (n=50), and LAT (n=50) were used for tracheal intubation. Ease of tracheal intubation was assessed by the time taken, the number of attempts, and the number of maneuvers required for success. In addition, numbers of failed intubation attempts and times taken for ILMA removal were also recorded. After surgery, the incidence of trauma, sore throat, and hoarseness was noted. Significantly more frequent success in tracheal intubation was achieved with the PVCT and FTST (96%) compared with the LAT (82%) (P <0.05). Tracheal intubation on the first attempt was similar with the PVCT and FTST (86%) and was significantly more frequent than with the LAT (52%) (P <0.05). Esophageal placement was significantly more frequent with the LAT (29.7%) when compared with the PVCT and FTST (1.8% and 7.4%, respectively) (P <0.05). The authors conclude that a prewarmed PVCT can be used as successfully as the FTST for blind tracheal intubation through the ILMA, whereas the LAT is associated with more frequent failure and esophageal intubation.
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PMID:Conventional tracheal tubes for intubation through the intubating laryngeal mask airway. 1717 79

We determine the feasibility of using the intubating laryngeal mask airway Fastrach (ILM) as a ventilatory device during emergence from anesthesia after use as an airway intubator in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Thirty-five patients (ASA 2-3, 53-84 yr) were studied. Induction was with midazolam/fentanyl/etomidate and maintenance was with sevoflurane 1-2% in O2 33-50% and N2O. Neuromuscular blockade was with cisatracurium. Tracheal intubation was with a flexible lightwand via the ILM. After successful intubation, the ILM remained in the pharynx, but with the cuff deflated. After surgery, but before anesthesia was discontinued, baseline cardiovascular variables were recorded. The ILM cuff was then reinflated, the tracheal tube removed, the anesthesia breathing system connected to the ILM and anesthesia discontinued. Any changes in the cardiovascular variables greater than +/- 20% baseline values were noted from cuff reinflation to 1 minute after ILM removal. Any adverse respiratory (laryngospasm, coughing, gagging, stridor, SpO2 <94%, end-tidal carbon dioxide >45 mmHg, regurgitation/aspiration) or electrocardiographic (ST segment or rhythm changes) events were also noted. Patients were questioned about postoperative sore throat at 2 and 24 hr. ILM insertion and intubation through the ILM were successful in all patients. Adequate ventilation was achieved in all patients before intubation and after extubation. The mean (range) time taken from cuff reinflation to ILM removal was 9 (5-21) min. The rate pressure product remained within +/- 20% baseline values in all patients. There were no adverse respiratory or electrocardiographic events. There were no adverse neurological events. The surgical field was satisfactory. Postoperative sore throat occurred in 14% at 2 hr and 0% at 24 hr. We conclude that the ILM can be used as a ventilatory device for emergence from anesthesia after use as an airway intubator for carotid endarterectomy.
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PMID:The intubating laryngeal mask airway Fastrach for emergence after carotid endarterectomy. 1638 Dec 61

Trials of the King LT trade mark (LT, King Systems, Noblesville, IN) in controlled ventilation of the lungs have shown that it is an effective supraglottic airway device. We designed this study to evaluate the King LT regarding ease of insertion, position within the airway, and anatomic sealing properties during spontaneous ventilation in 50 ASA physical status I-III, Mallampati I-III, adult patients undergoing routine general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with up to 2 microg/kg fentanyl and 1.5-2 mg/kg propofol and maintained with 70% N2O/30%O2 and isoflurane. Insertion time, oropharyngeal leak pressures, fiberoptic position, and spirometry and hemodynamic data were recorded. Any complications were noted. Insertion was determined to be easy and a patent airway was achieved in all patients. First, second, and third attempt insertion rates were 86%, 12%, and 2%, respectively. Time to place the King LT trade mark was <5 s in 90% of cases. Baseline leak pressures were 31 +/- 8.8 cm H2O (17-50 cm H2O). Complications included laryngospasm (1) and coughing (3) on extubation. The incidence of sore throat at 1 h and 24 h postoperatively was 22% and 15%, respectively. The King LT trade mark is a simple and reliable supraglottic airway device for airway management during spontaneous ventilation.
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PMID:An evaluation of the insertion and function of a new supraglottic airway device, the King LT, during spontaneous ventilation. 1642 73

Postoperative sore throat (POST), although a minor complication, remains a source of postoperative morbidity. We compared the efficacy of dispersible aspirin gargle to benzydamine hydrochloride (a topical nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug) gargles for prevention of POST. We enrolled 60 consecutive female patients, 16-60 yr of age, ASA physical status I or II, undergoing elective modified radical mastectomy under general anesthesia in this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind study. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 subjects each: Group 1 (C) mineral water; Group 2 (AS) tab aspirin 350 mg; and Group 3 (BH) 15 mL of benzydamine hydrochloride (0.15%). All the medications were made into 30 mL of solution. Patients were asked to gargle this mixture for 30 s, 5 min before induction of anesthesia. Grading of POST was done at 0, 2, 4, and 24 h postoperatively on a 4-point scale (0-3). Aspirin gargles reduced the incidence of POST for 4 h whereas benzydamine hydrochloride gargles reduced POST for 24 h. POST was more severe in the control group at 0 and 2 h (P < 0.05). Aspirin and benzydamine hydrochloride gargles significantly reduced the incidence and severity of POST (P < 0.05).
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PMID:An evaluation of the efficacy of aspirin and benzydamine hydrochloride gargle for attenuating postoperative sore throat: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study. 1700 Aug 20

We tested the hypothesis that the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway is superior to laryngoscope-guided tracheal intubation for gynaecological laparoscopy. One-hundred and eighty consecutive patients (ASA grade 1-2, aged 18-80 y) were divided into two equal-sized groups for airway management with the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway or tracheal tube. Induction was with fentanyl/propofol, maintenance with sevoflurane and muscle relaxation with atracurium. The following primary variables were tested: time to achieve an effective airway, ventilatory capability, peak airway pressure before and after pneumoperitoneum, duration of surgery and pneumoperitoneum and haemodynamic responses. Data about gastric size, airway trauma and sore throat were collected. The number of attempts for successful insertion were similar but effective airway time was shorter for the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (20 +/- 2s vs 37 +/- 3 s, P < 0.001). All devices were successfully inserted within three attempts. There was no episode of failed ventilation or hypoxia. The haemodynamic stress responses to insertion and removal were greater for the tracheal tube than the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway. The duration of surgery, duration of pneumoperitoneum and intra-abdominal pressures were similar Gastric size was similar at the start and end of surgery. There were no differences in the frequency of complications or sore throat. We conclude that the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway is a similarly effective airway device to conventional laryngoscope-guided tracheal intubation for gynaecological laparoscopy, but is more rapidly inserted and associated with an attenuated haemodynamic response to insertion and removal.
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PMID:The ProSeal laryngeal mask airway is an effective alternative to laryngoscope-guided tracheal intubation for gynaecological laparoscopy. 1732 66

In a randomised double blind prospective study, we tested the hypothesis that postoperative pain is lower in patients who receive an ProSeal LMA laryngeal mask airway compared with a tracheal tube. One hundred consecutive female patients (ASA I-II, 18-75 years) undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgery were divided into two equal-sized groups for airway management with the ProSeal LMA or tracheal tube. Anaesthesia management was identical for both groups and included induction of anaesthesia using propofol/fentanyl, and maintenance with propofol/remifentanil, muscle relaxation with rocuronium, positive pressure ventilation, gastric tube insertion, dexamethasone/tropisetron for anti-emetic prophylaxis, and diclofenac for pain prophylaxis. All types of postoperative pain were treated using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine. Patients and postoperative staff were unaware of the airway device used. Data were collected by a single blinded observer. We found that pain scores were lower for the ProSeal LMA at 2 h and 6 h but not at 24 h. Morphine requirements were lower for the ProSeal LMA by 30.4%, 30.6% and 23.3% at 2, 6 and 24 h, respectively. Nausea was less common with the ProSeal LMA than with the tracheal tube at 2 h and 6 h but not at 24 h. There were no differences in the frequency of vomiting, sore throat, dysphonia or dysphagia. We conclude that postoperative pain is lower for the ProSeal LMA than the tracheal tube in females undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic surgery.
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PMID:A study of airway management using the ProSeal LMA laryngeal mask airway compared with the tracheal tube on postoperative analgesia requirements following gynaecological laparoscopic surgery. 1769 18

We compared the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and the laryngeal tube (LT) with the perilaryngeal airway (CobraPLA, PLA) in anaesthetised, paralysed children having brief surgical procedures. After obtaining informed consent, 90 paediatric ASA Status 1 and 2 patients awaiting short surgical procedures were randomised to have their airways managed with an LMA, LT or PLA. Anaesthesia was induced with sevoflurane (2.5 to 4%) and muscle paralysis with mivacurium (0.2 mg/kg intravenously). The number of insertion attempts, time taken to insert the device, haemodynamic responses to insertion (mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, pulse oximetry and end-tidal CO2), clinical performance and occurrence of postoperative sore throat were recorded. When the airway device was removed, it was examined for visible blood. Patients and parents were asked about the occurrence of sore throat, dysphonia and dysphagia 24 hours postoperatively. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, pulse oximetry and end tidal CO2 did not differ among the groups. Insertion times for the devices were similar (LMA: 19+/-11 seconds, LT 21+/-12 seconds, PLA: 18+/-12 seconds), as were the rates of successful insertion at first attempt (LMA 66.7%; LT 70.0%; PLA 73.3%). The number and type of airway interventions to achieve an effective airway were comparable. When the airways were removed, positive blood traces were noted on 20% of the LMAs, 20% of the PLAs and 10% of the LTs. Haemodynamic, ventilation and oxygenation variables throughout the surgery were similar with LMA, LT and PLA and there were no significant differences in insertion time or signs or symptoms of mucosal trauma when these devices were used in paralysed children.
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PMID:Comparison of the laryngeal mask (LMA) and laryngeal tube (LT) with the perilaryngeal airway (cobraPLA) in brief paediatric surgical procedures. 1856 5


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