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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The styloid process is a slender spike-like bony process that is attached to the base of the skull that has been of interest to physicians for centuries. From this process is the attachment for five structures--three muscles and two ligaments are attached to it. Any of these soft tissues of the styloid process are prone to be torn due to trauma by way of detachment of the periosteum from the bone. These lesions may occur from auto accidents, falls, sports injuries, to prolonged medical or dental procedures requiring excessive mouth opening. The detachment of Sharpey's fibres results in the release of noxious chemicals such as kinins, histamines, prostaglandins, etc, which can produce a withdrawal reflex, causing muscle tension, ischaemia, spasm and pain. Pain transmission via C fibres may induce a host of autonomic responses as well. We have observed 11 common pains and symptoms that are associated with soft tissue lesions of the styloid process and stylomandibular ligament. They are (1) headaches localised in the anterior temporal fossa, (2) sore throat and difficulty swallowing in the absence of inflammation, (3) pain radiating to the temporomandibular joint and ear, (4) voice alteration, (5) dry, non-productive cough, (6) pain in the masseter muscle, (7) restricted mandibular opening or the "closed lock", (8) development of the "open lock", (9) sinusitis, congested stuffy nose or post nasal drip, (10) tinnitus, and (11) excessive lacrimation and bloodshot eyes. A few drops of local anesthetic into the styloid process and stylomandibular ligament attachment can temporarily relieve the pain and symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Temporal headaches and associated symptoms relating to the styloid process and its attachments. 760 81

A cross-sectional study was conducted over a 1-year period (1 January-31 December 2000) during which cases suffering from uncomplicated tonsillopharyngitis were recruited from the private and public health services in Alexandria. The objective was to determine the prevalence of group A-beta haemolytic streptococci (GABHS) among children suffering from tonsillopharyngitis and to identify the clinical criteria predicting GABHS pharyngitis in children. A total of 578 children aged between 1 and 15 years with a mean of 6.3 +/- 3.7 years, presenting with sore throat were enrolled in the study. Demographic data and presenting signs and symptoms for each patient were recorded on a standardized form and a throat swab was taken using the filter paper technique. The overall prevalence of GABHS was 17 per cent and the highest isolation rate was reported in children aged 10-15 years. Non-GABHS comprised 11.9 per cent of the total isolates. The most prevalent of them were group C and G streptococci. The highest frequency of both GABHS and non-GABHS was in early spring. Significant predictors of GABHS pharyngitis were: age 10-15 years, the presence of dysphagia, vomiting, pharyngeal exudate, and scarlatiniform rash. Watery eyes and/or rhinitis had a protective value against the diagnosis of GABHS pharyngitis, while fever was considered to be a non-specific finding in cases with GABHS pharyngitis. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed higher sensitivity to both penicillin and erythromycin. Only 1 per cent of the GABHS isolates showed resistance to cephadroxil. We concluded that a syndrome of signs and symptoms could be used as a clinical predictor for the diagnosis of GABHS pharyngitis.
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PMID:Identification of clinical criteria for group A-beta hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in children living in a rheumatic fever endemic area. 1240 71

The review discusses the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the symptoms of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. An understanding of symptom mechanisms is important for the clinical diagnosis of rhinosinusitis and is important in assessing the efficacy of surgical and medical treatments for rhinosinusitis. The review will discuss the four primary symptoms used to diagnose rhinosinusitis: nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain and loss of sense of smell; and the secondary symptoms, cough, sneezing, sore throat and voice changes, epiphora, fever, and psychological effects and fatigue. The review will highlight that our understanding of a key diagnostic symptoms facial pain is limited, and that the incidence of pain with rhinosinusitis is controversial. Sneezing is a common symptom of acute rhinosinusitis with allergy but is not normally described as symptom in chronic rhinosinusitis and this anomaly is in need of more research. The mechanism of unilateral nasal obstruction with rhinosinusitis is discussed.
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PMID:Mechanisms of the symptoms of rhinosinusitis. 2174 66