Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven patients, aged 12 to 19 years, had atypical measles. Prodromal symptoms of fever, malaise, myalgia, headache, nausea, and vomiting were commonly followed by coryza, sore throat, conjunctivitis, photophobia, nonproductive cough, and pleuritic pain. The characteristic rash was erythematous, maculopapular, and progressed frequently to vesicular, petechial, or purpuric lesions. It initially involved palms and soles with subsequent spread to proximal extremities and the trunk, sparing the face. Six of six chest roentgenograms showed infiltrates. Findings not previously described in atypical measles included liver enzyme elevations, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, possible transmission among three siblings, and suspected cardiac involvement. Measles complement fixation titers compatible with recent infection were seen in all patients. All patients had previously received killed measles vaccine. A substantial number of persons who are older adolescents or young adults may be at risk of developing atypical measles.
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PMID:Atypical measles in adolescents and young adults. 44 83

The indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test for coronavirus 229E antibodies was used for serodiagnostic and seroepidemiologic studies in a population of children. Subjects ranged in age from 5 to 19 years and lived in a home which participated in a longitudinal surveilance of respiratory illness (1960-1968). During this period 1477 respiratory illnesses were observed; 63 (4%) were associated with sero-response (fourfold or greater antibody rises) to 229E. An additional 105 sero-responses were associated with unreported or subclinical illness. The frequency of these infections was cyclical, and 229E and coronavirus OC 43 infections peaked in different years among the same population. Sero-responses occurred mainly in the fall, winter and spring quarters. Preexisting antibody was demonstrated in one-third of the children with 229E sero-responses. Clinical studies indicated that the most frequent complaints with 229E infections were sore throat, coryza and cough, and the most frequent findings were pharyngeal injection, coryza and fever.
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PMID:Seroepidemiologic survey of coronavirus (strain 229E) infections in a population of children. 111 61

A prospective evaluation was made of an algorithm for a selective use of throat swabs in patients with sore throat in general practice. The algorithm states that a throat swab should be obtained (a) in all children younger than 15 years; (b) in patients aged 15 years or more who have pain on swallowing and at least three of four signs (enlarged or hyperaemic tonsils; exudate; enlarged or tender angular lymph nodes; and a temperature > or = 38 degrees C); and (c) in adults aged 15-44 years with pain on swallowing and one or two of the four signs, but not both cough and coryza. Group A streptococci were found by laboratory culture in 30% of throat swabs from 1783 patients. Using these results as the reference, the algorithm was 95% sensitive and 26% specific, and assigned 80% of the patients to be swabbed. Its positive and negative predictive values in this setting were 36% and 92%, respectively. It is concluded that this algorithm may be useful in general practice.
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PMID:An algorithm for a selective use of throat swabs in the diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngo-tonsillitis in general practice. 148 Aug 70

The current pattern of antibiotic use by drug store personnel in Bangkok was examined. Ten well-trained medical students (simulated patients) presented to 40 randomly selected drug stores with common complaints, namely urethral discharge, acute watery diarrhoea, fever with sore throat, coryza, skin infection and acute dysuria. Analysis of medications obtained revealed that 50-100% of drug stores dispensed antibiotics for each condition. Co-trimoxazole, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, penicillin V and tetracycline were commonly given. Most antibiotics were dispensed inappropriately with respect to choice of drug and duration of treatment. The cost per treatment varied from 20 cents to 6 $US. Strategies to promote rational use are proposed.
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PMID:Antibiotic dispensing by drug store personnel in Bangkok, Thailand. 335 19

A case study was conducted among college women using a student health service at a university in southern Michigan to identify and evaluate behavioral factors which may be determinants of urinary tract infection. Women who presented to the student health service with symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection and found to have pyuria on urinalysis were offered the opportunity to participate in a clinical trial comparing antibiotic regimens in the treatment of their urinary infection. Women with identified structural abnormalities of the urinary tract were not admitted to the study. On their 1st visit, women enrolled in the antibiotic study were asked to complete a questionnaire for the epidemiologic study described here. Midstream specimens were obtained during the 1st visit prior to therapy and were cultured quantitatively using standard methods. A patient with symptoms of acute urinary tract infection was included as a case if the urine culture was positive or probable. 2 different control groups were used to assess risk factors for urinary tract infection. For the 1st control group, women presenting to the student health service with coryza and/or sore throat, an oral temperature of less than 38.9 degrees Centigrade, and a clinical diagnosis of uncomplicated viral upper respiratory infection were asked to complete the same questionnaire as cases. For the 2nd control group, women attending the gynecology clinic at the same student health service for routine scheduled pelvic examinations and/or contraceptive services were asked to complete the same questionnaire. Cases were entered into the study from March through December 1982. The students used as controls participated from March 1982 through March 1983. The subjects completed a standard self-administered multiple-choice questionnaire, asking primarily about activities during the 3 weeks prior to completion of the questionnaire. 47 women with presumptive urinary tract infection participated in the clinical trial. 43 cases of confirmed urinary tract infection were identified, 38 with a positive and 5 with a probable urine culture result. In all, 149 upper respiratory infection controls and 227 gynecology controls participated. The history of previous urinary tract infection was significantly greater in cases than in either of the control groups. 4 variables were included in the final logistic model: coital frequency within 3 weeks, use of the diaphragm within 3 weeks, history of previous urinary tract infection, and age. Coital frequency during the previous 3 weeks was associated strongly with illness, with generally higher risk at higher frequencies. A significant association with the diaphragm was observed in comparison with both control groups. The findings failed to show an association with many of the factors commonly believed to be important such as type of clothing worn and volume of fluids consumed.
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PMID:Risk factors for urinary tract infection. 363 Oct 58

Strains of human coronavirus (HCV) isolated between 1974 and 1976 have been studied in vitro and in volunteers. All strains caused colds in volunteers, and those cultivable in tissue culture (TC) produced significantly more coryza and less sore throat than strains growing only in organ culture (OC). The TC strains were serologically related to 229E, but these isolates produced colds with a frequency and severity that contrasted with the effects of 229E itself. Tests on volunteers' preinfection sera showed that the prevalence of antibody to 229E had increased during the period 1961-1979 and that during 1977-1979 only 11% of subjects had no neutralising antibody against 229E. Susceptibility to the 229E-related isolates PR and TO was associated with low preinfection serum neutralising antibody against the homologous virus, and paired sera frequently showed fourfold or greater antibody rises, most commonly against the homologous strain. Volunteers infected with TO were immune when reinoculated with the same strain approximately 1 year later, but other similar volunteers were at least partly susceptible to infection with a heterologous 229E-related virus after similar time intervals. Although the strains of HCV that were grown in tissue culture were all related to the prototype 229E, they appeared not to be identical with it, and this heterogeneity is probably a significant factor in the epidemiology of HCV infections.
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PMID:The behaviour of recent isolates of human respiratory coronavirus in vitro and in volunteers: evidence of heterogeneity among 229E-related strains. 631 90

Of approximately 200 members of a religious commune, 37 came to the emergency department of Cook County Hospital for primary medical care of respiratory illness. Of the 37, 31 were seen during a two-week period, indicating a rapid spread of disease. The major symptoms were cough, fever, coryza, and sore throat. Infiltrates were detected in 38%. Paired sera from four of nine patients showed a significant rise to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Of 24 sera collected at the time of the first visit, 33% had a titer to the agent, of 64 or greater--presumptive evidence of Mycoplasma infection. Therefore, M pneumoniae was implicated as the causative agent in this outbreak of respiratory illness in a semi-closed community.
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PMID:An outbreak of mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory illness in a semi-closed religious commune. 681 12

During an outbreak of influenza A, seven patients with Reye's syndrome and 16 ill classmate control subjects were evaluated for characteristics of the patients' prodromal illness and the control subjects illness and for medication usage. Patients during the prodrome and control subjects had similar rates of sore throat, coryza, cough, headache, and gastrointestinal complaints except for documented fever which occurred significantly more often in patients than in control subjects (P = .05). While medications which did not contain salicylate were taken as frequently by patients as control subjects, patients took more salicylate-containing medications than did control children (P < .01). All seven patients took salicylate whereas only eight of 16 control subjects did so (P < .05). Patients took larger doses of salicylate than did the entire control group (P < .01). When the eight control subjects who took salicylate were compared with the patients, the patients still tended to take larger doses (P = .08). Patients with fever took salicylate more frequently than control subjects with fever (P < .01). In addition, salicylate consumption was correlated with severity of Reye's syndrome (P < .05). It is postulated that salicylate, operating in a dose-dependent manner, possibly potentiated by fever, represents a primary causative agent of Reye's syndrome.
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PMID:Reye's syndrome and salicylate use. 745 76

Symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and infection were recorded daily in 283 hikers walking the Mount Everest base camp trek in the Nepal Himalaya. Some 57% of subjects developed AMS, and 87% experienced at least one symptom of infection during the study period. Coryza (75%), cough (42%), sore throat (39%), and diarrhea (36%) were especially prevalent. All symptoms of infection were more prevalent among those with AMS. The incidence of AMS was greater among those with more symptoms of infection (p = 0.00004), and the number of symptoms of infection experienced with positively correlated with AMS score (rs = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.52). These results suggest that symptoms of infection are common at high altitude and are associated with a higher incidence of AMS. People with infections should ascend at a slower rate at high altitude.
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PMID:Symptoms of infection and altitude illness among hikers in the Mount Everest region of Nepal. 772 79

In a blinded, placebo-controlled study, the reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of single doses of US inactivated split-virus and Russian live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccines were compared in 555 schoolchildren in Vologda, Russia. Serial serum samples were collected and school absenteeism was assessed. Systemic reactions were rare, but local reactions (primarily erythema at the injection site) were observed in 27% of the inactivated vaccine group, and coryza (12%) and sore throat (8%) were observed in the attenuated vaccine group. At 4 weeks after vaccination a > or = 4-fold rise in titer of hemagglutination inhibition antibody to A (H1N1), A (H3N2), and B was noted, respectively, among 78%, 88%, and 53% of children who received inactivated vaccine and among 55%, 79%, and 30% of children who received attenuated vaccine. The vaccine efficacy for preventing school absenteeism due to respiratory illness during the period of peak influenza activity was 56% for inactivated vaccine and 47% for attenuated vaccine.
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PMID:Comparison of US inactivated split-virus and Russian live attenuated, cold-adapted trivalent influenza vaccines in Russian schoolchildren. 856 10


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