Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Influenza is a well known infection of the respiratory system. The main clinical manifestations of influenza include fever, sore throat, headache, cough, coryza, and malaise. Apart from the well known classical influenza, there are also groups of influenza virus infections that are called "atypical infection". These infections are usually due to a novel influenza virus infection. In early 2009, an emerging novel influenza originating from Mexico called swine flu was reported. The World Health Organization noted a level VI precaution, the highest level precaution possible, for this newest influenza virus infection. As of June 2009, it is not known if this disease will be successfully controlled. Finding new drugs and vaccine for the emerging swine flu is still required to cope with this emerging worldwide problem.
 ...
PMID:Finding a new drug and vaccine for emerging swine flu: what is the concept? 1977 5

On 29 April 2009, an imported case of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection was detected in a London school. As further cases, pupils and staff members were identified, school closure and mass prophylaxis were implemented. An observational descriptive study was conducted to provide an insight into the clinical presentation and transmission dynamics in this setting. Between 15 April and 15 May 2009, 91 symptomatic cases were identified: 33 were confirmed positive for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection; 57 were tested negative; in one the results were unavailable. Transmission occurred first within the school, and subsequently outside. Attack rates were 2% in pupils (15% in the 11-12 years age group) and 17% in household contacts. The predominant symptoms were fever (97%), respiratory symptoms (91%), and sore throat (79%). Limited spread in the school may have been due to a combination of school closure and mass prophylaxis. However, transmission continued through household contacts to other schools.
 ...
PMID:Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus outbreak in a school in London, April-May 2009: an observational study. 1992 91

Common symptoms of upper respiratory infections, such as sore throat, cough, and inflammation, are often caused by bacteria, sometimes as a complication of virus infection. Extracts of Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) have been advocated traditionally for use by individuals suffering from these symptoms, although the underlying basis for the beneficial effects of Echinacea is not known. We hypothesized that Echinacea could inactivate certain respiratory bacteria and could also reverse inflammatory effects caused by these bacteria in epithelial cells. In order to test this we used a commercial standardized extract of Echinacea purpurea (Echinaforce), and a novel cytokine array system designed to measure simultaneously the levels of 20 different cytokines secreted by bronchial epithelial cell cultures in response to infection. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep), which is often associated with sore throat and more severe pulmonary infections, was readily inactivated by Echinacea, which also completely reversed the cellular pro-inflammatory response. Hemophilus influenzae and Legionella pneumophila were also readily inactivated, and their pro-inflammatory responses reversed. Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant and sensitive strains) and Mycobacterium smegmatis were less sensitive to the bactericidal effects of Echinacea however, but their pro-inflammatory responses were still completely reversed. In contrast some other pathogens tested, including Candida albicans, were relatively resistant. Thus Echinaforce) exerts a dual action against several important respiratory bacteria, a killing effect and an anti-inflammatory effect. These results support the concept of using a standardized Echinacea preparation to control symptoms associated with bacterial respiratory infections.
 ...
PMID:Bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties of a standardized Echinacea extract (Echinaforce): dual actions against respiratory bacteria. 2003 23

Retail medicine clinics have become widely available. However, few studies have been published that compare retail clinic costs of care to standard medical visits for similar patients. The purpose of this study was to compare standard medical costs during a 6-month period after visiting a retail medical clinic to care received in a conventional medical office setting. Medical records of primary care patients (both adults and children) seen in a large group practice in Minnesota in 2008 were analyzed for this study. Two groups of patients were studied: those who used a retail walk-in clinic (N = 141) and a comparison group who used regular office care for same-day, acute visits (N = 137). Patients treated for 5 common conditions (pink eye, sore throat, viral illness, bronchitis, and cough) were selected. The dependent variables were standard costs using federal rates and the rank of standard costs. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to adjust for differences between groups. Median costs did not differ between sites ($126.30 for usual care and $88.10 for retail, P = 0.139); mean cost ranks were 132.5 for usual care and 115.6 for retail (P = 0.088). After adjusting for previous visit history, age, and sex, patients who received care in the retail setting had lower standard costs and lower cost rank than patients who received usual care (b = -52.9 [P = 0.006] and b = -24.5 [P = 0.021], respectively). After selection of cases with common conditions and adjustment for unequal variances, age, sex, and number of office visits in the previous 6 months, our retail clinic appeared to reduce medical costs for patients during the 6-month period after the index visit.
 ...
PMID:Impact of retail medicine on standard costs in primary care: a semiparametric analysis. 2003 59

The aim of the present research was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the novel influenza A (H1N1) in China. We retrospectively analyzed the epidemiological information and clinical characteristics of 150 patients with the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection by descriptive epidemiology. There were 82 males and 68 females in this group. The median age of the 150 patients was 34.4 years (range, 4 to 77 years). There were 145 imported cases among the patients and most of these cases came from Australia, America and Canada. The main symptoms included fever, cough and sore throat. Other symptoms included: expectoration, runny nose, throat itching, sniffles, dry pharynx, headache, muscular ache, etc. CD4(+) T cell counts of 48% of the patients were lower than normal. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest in 32 cases was abnormal, including: increased bronchovascular shadows, pneumonia, pleural thickening and pleurisy, etc. Oseltamivir was the first choice for treatment of A (H1N1) influenza and it was safe and well tolerated. The symptoms were minor and the prognosis was good. All patients recovered fully after treatment. Considering the fact that the flu is highly infectious and can be carried through human to human contact rapidly, local Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) should strengthen monitoring and take some measures in view of an influenza A (H1N1) onslaught.
 ...
PMID:Clinical analysis of 150 cases with the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in Shanghai, China. 2010 36

As medical providers seek new ways to control costs, online visits have begun to receive serious consideration. The purpose of this study was to compare the odds of being a cost outlier during a 6-month period after either an online visit or a standard drop-in visit in a conventional medical office setting. Medical records of primary care patients (both adults and children) seen in a large group practice in Minnesota in 2008 were analyzed for this study. Two groups of patients were studied: those who had an online visit (N = 390) and a comparison group who had regular office care for same-day, acute visits (N = 376). Case types were classified as either complex or common, with common being defined as treatment for pinkeye, sore throat, viral illness, bronchitis, or cough. Outliers were defined as patients for whom standard costs exceeded the 75(th) percentile during a 6-month period after the index visit. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for differences between groups. The percentage of online visitors who were cost outliers was 21.2 (versus 28.5 in the standard visit group). Median standard costs were $161 for online visits and $219 for same-day acute visits. The adjusted odds of being a cost outlier was lower for the online visit group than for the standard visit group (odds ratio [OR] 0.52, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.35-0.77) after adjusting for number of visits in the previous 6 months, age, sex, and case type. Outpatient visits in the previous 6 months were positively related to outlier status (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.17-1.29). Online visits appeared to reduce medical costs for patients during a 6-month period after the visit.
 ...
PMID:Impact of online primary care visits on standard costs: a pilot study. 2041 17

Influenza is a contagious airborne viral illness characterized by abrupt onset of symptoms. Fever, myalgia, headache, rhinitis, sore throat, and cough are commonly reported symptoms. The diagnosis should be made clinically, and the decision to begin antiviral therapy should not be delayed for laboratory confirmation of influenza. The 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus is expected to continue to circulate during the 2010-2011 season, but it is not certain whether it will replace or cocirculate with seasonal influenza A subtypes that have been circulating since 1977. The 2009 H1N1 virus is largely resistant to adamantanes, but it is sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir. Neuraminidase inhibitors have modest effectiveness in reducing influenza-related symptoms in patients at low risk of complications. Patients at high risk of complications, including pregnant women, should be treated with antiviral agents, preferably within 48 hours of symptom onset. Family physicians should follow guidelines from the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention when treating patients with influenza or influenza-like symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Management of influenza. 2112 54

From July, 2008 to March, 2009, 125 adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) who were admitted to our hospital were retrospectively investigated to elucidate the characteristics of viral infection in adult CAP in Japan. Nasopharyngeal swabs for real-time polymerase chain reaction for 7 types of influenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory synctial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, coronavirus, and enterovirus were obtained. Diagnoses of viral infections were established according to positive results in real-time polymerase chain reaction and influenza rapid diagnostic testing, and based on a fourfold increase in antibody titer of influenza virus antibody in paired sera. Overall, a pathogen was identified in 74 patients (59.8%). Of these pathogens, 47 (37.6%) were bacterial, 17 (13.6%) were viral, and 10 (8.0%) were mixed virus and bacterial infection. Influenza virus (n = 12; 9.6%), rhinovirus (n = 8; 6.4%), respiratory syncytial virus (n = 8; 6.4%), and parainfluenza virus (n = 6; 4.8%) were detected. Adenovirus, coronavirus or enterovirus was not detected. Sore throat was more frequently found in patients with viral pneumonia than in those with non-viral pneumonia. Higher age and pneumococcal pneumonia were factors which contributed to severity in the present cases. It is difficult to distinguish viral pneumonia from non-viral pneumonia by clinical findings, and there were few clinically meaningful differences in presentation and severity, and no differences in severity or outcomes according to either the presence or absence of viral infection. Further studies are needed to clarify the possible significance of viral infection in CAP.
 ...
PMID:[A single-center prospective study of viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia in adults]. 2138 76

After early outbreaks in North America in April 2009, the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus spread rapidly around the world, and even some patients developed certain severe complications. We reported one case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) induced by severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. A 17-year-old girl had acute onset of fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, and sore throat Her family members and close friends also had the similar symptoms. Anti-infection treatment with penicillin was given after 8 days of the onset of symptoms in the local hospital, and her chest radiograph showed consolidation of the left lung. Then, she was sent to the People's Hospital of Guizhou Province in China and endotracheal intubation were underwent on the ninth day for acute hypoxic respiratory failure. She was diagnosed with HLH induced by severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus. Oseltamivir, steroids, immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis were given immediately after admission. After being treated in the People's Hospital of Guizhou Province for 16 days, she was discharged. This experience shows that HLH may be a life-threatening complication for severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection and responds well to therapy.
 ...
PMID:Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Induced by Severe Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infection: A Case Report. 2155 46

Infectious mononucleosis, or glandular fever, is a viral illness which commonly affects young adults. Symptoms can vary from sore throat, enlarged lymph glands, lethargy and weight loss to more serious clinical manifestations such as myocarditis or hepatitis. Treatment is usually conservative although there has been significant debate over the role of oral corticosteroids, especially in more serious cases. Evidence based medicine suggests that there is little to no role for steroids, but there are enough published case reports where steroid therapy has been potentially life saving that the debate continues. We present a case of a fit and well man who had significant multi-organ involvement secondary to infectious mononucleosis, and our experience of oral corticosteroid treatment.
 ...
PMID:Infectious mononucleosis complicated by acute hepatitis and myocarditis: a response to corticosteroids. 2168 66


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>