Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae were first described in 1985. The infection can cause common cold, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, fatigue and sometimes influenza-like illness. Examination can indicate serous otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. The course can be long and relapsing. The recommended drugs for treatment are tetracycline or erythromycin for at least two weeks. Five verified cases are described in the article, four of them with symptoms from the upper respiratory tract only. It is concluded that Chlamydia pneumoniae is a not unusual cause of upper airway diseases. Up to now the diagnosis can best be verified by micro immunofluorescence. The authors call for a rapid and reliable test for use in physician's office. It is proposed that infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae be termed TWAR.
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PMID:[TWAR infection is a common diagnosis in outpatient clinics]. 157 35

Fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobe for which numerous synonyms exists, causes a severe septicaemic illness in man. This, in common with various animal infections with the organism, has been called necrobacillosis. These septicaemias usually occur in previously healthy children and adolescents. A total of 45 cases were studied from over 20 hospitals in England and Wales. The commonest presentation (two thirds of cases) was of post-anginal septicaemia, in which a sore throat was followed by rigors and metastatic abscesses, usually in the lung, but also in bone, central nervous system and other sites. Multisystem disturbance was frequent. Other cases presented without a previous sore throat but with otitis, mastoiditis, sinusitis or dental infection, or with acute osteomyelitis. Two patients died of their infection. In those who survived, recovery was usually prolonged, despite appropriate antibiotics. In many cases there was considerable diagnostic confusion, and few doctors were familiar with the disease. F. necrophorum was often initially misidentified in the laboratory. Necrobacillosis is a serious, if uncommon, infection of healthy young people, it deserves wider recognition.
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PMID:Necrobacillosis. 268 91

The role of histamine in the pathogenesis of infectious rhinitis is unclear, as is the efficacy of antihistaminic drugs in the treatment of the common cold. This study evaluated the short-term efficacy of oral terfenadine (Seldane) in the treatment of the common cold. Over a 5-week period, the authors recruited 250 adults who had developed cold symptoms within 6 to 48 hours prior to enrollment. Volunteers had a primary complaint of runny or stuffy nose; at least one other respiratory symptom; no fever or exudative pharyngitis; and no history of atopy, sinusitis, or use of cold preparations within 1 week of enrollment. Out of the eligible subjects, 126 were randomly assigned terfenadine (60 mg), and 124 received placebo. Volunteers self-administered either terfenadine or placebo twice a day on Days 1, 2 and 3, and a final dose on the morning of Day 4. They also recorded the severity of their clinical symptoms (runny nose, sniffles, sneezing, postnasal drip, cough and sore throat) on symptom cards. Both groups reported similar severity scores throughout the treatment period. Average symptom burdens declined at almost identical rates for both groups. Terfenadine was well tolerated and had a low incidence of side effects. According to subject evaluation, terfenadine was no more effective than placebo. The mean +/- SD score of global efficacy was 2.2 +/- 1.1 in the terfenadine group and 2.1 +/- 1.3 in the placebo group (P = NS). Slightly fewer terfenadine recipients (41%) than placebo recipients (48%) said they would use the study medication again for treating cold symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ineffectiveness of oral terfenadine in natural colds: evidence against histamine as a mediator of common cold symptoms. 289 9

The current literature is surveyed for evidence on which to base policies for prescribing antibiotics in upper respiratory tract infections. Moderation is recommended in the prescribing of antibiotics for sore throat in adults. Antibiotic treatment of otitis media and sinusitis is appropriate only when severe infection is likely. It is concluded that there is a need for further controlled trials in Australian general practice to provide data on streptococcal disease in children, to determine carrier rates and when to treat.
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PMID:The use of antibiotics in upper respiratory tract infection. 663 98

The styloid process is a slender spike-like bony process that is attached to the base of the skull that has been of interest to physicians for centuries. From this process is the attachment for five structures--three muscles and two ligaments are attached to it. Any of these soft tissues of the styloid process are prone to be torn due to trauma by way of detachment of the periosteum from the bone. These lesions may occur from auto accidents, falls, sports injuries, to prolonged medical or dental procedures requiring excessive mouth opening. The detachment of Sharpey's fibres results in the release of noxious chemicals such as kinins, histamines, prostaglandins, etc, which can produce a withdrawal reflex, causing muscle tension, ischaemia, spasm and pain. Pain transmission via C fibres may induce a host of autonomic responses as well. We have observed 11 common pains and symptoms that are associated with soft tissue lesions of the styloid process and stylomandibular ligament. They are (1) headaches localised in the anterior temporal fossa, (2) sore throat and difficulty swallowing in the absence of inflammation, (3) pain radiating to the temporomandibular joint and ear, (4) voice alteration, (5) dry, non-productive cough, (6) pain in the masseter muscle, (7) restricted mandibular opening or the "closed lock", (8) development of the "open lock", (9) sinusitis, congested stuffy nose or post nasal drip, (10) tinnitus, and (11) excessive lacrimation and bloodshot eyes. A few drops of local anesthetic into the styloid process and stylomandibular ligament attachment can temporarily relieve the pain and symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Temporal headaches and associated symptoms relating to the styloid process and its attachments. 760 81

Fourteen patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) were studied. The common clinical manifestations were recurrent sore throat, sinusitis, respiratory infections, diarrhea, and malnutrition. All had low IgG, with normal cell-mediated immunity. Treatment with immunoglobulin and/or plasma was effective in most of them. There were no severe adverse events with the therapy.
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PMID:Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in northern India. 761 12

There is a growing concern about rational prescribing of antibiotics. That is why a secondary analysis of prescribing antibiotics in upper respiratory tract infections has been conducted by means of a nationwide study of morbidity and interventions in The Netherlands. The mean percentage of antibiotic prescriptions varied from about 20% for acute otitis media and acute upper respiratory tract infections to about 70% for sinusitis and tonsillitis. Only attitude--toward prescribing antibiotics in sore throat--and years of settlement were important predictor variables. The other characteristics studied--type of practice, list size, frequency of use of Het Farmacotherapeutisch Kompas, containing national pharmacotherapeutical guidelines, and urbanization level were not. The importance of attitude, however, was less for general practitioners who went into practice after 1975. This means that the influence of a personal characteristic as attitude might have become less influential since the introduction of vocational training for general practice.
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PMID:Prescription of antibiotics and prescribers' characteristics. A study into prescription of antibiotics in upper respiratory tract infections in general practice. 816 70

The physician must be alert to the possibility of unsuspected sinusitis when evaluating a patient with chronic cough, sore throat, fever of unknown origin, supraglottitis, pneumonia, or headache. This article presents four cases in which atypical or asymptomatic sinusitis was discovered that could have caused significant or potentially life-threatening complications. In each case, the sinusitis was initially unsuspected. A complete nasal evaluation is warranted following decongestion of the nasal cavity when conditions are present. A screening sinus computed tomography scan may be indicated when sinusitis is strongly suspected even in the absence of typical clinical symptoms. Exact identification of the organism causing the infection may require sinus aspirate or tissue culture.
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PMID:The many faces of atypical sinusitis. 825 95

Sore throat, earache, and sinusitis are common presenting complaints in the emergency department, and all fall within the top ten in the United States. These complaints usually have a benign course but rarely can be a symptom of a serious disease process. This article provides an evidence-based review of the literature regarding the diagnosis of pharyngitis, otitis media, and sinusitis.
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PMID:Evaluation of the patient with sore throat, earache, and sinusitis: an evidence based approach. 1010 45

A 54-y-o woman presented to the Emergency Department with shortness of breath and sore throat after intranasal administration of Ecbalium elaterium as a folk remedy for her sinusitis. The patient's history included nasal aspiration of the juice of the squirting cucumber (Ecbalium elaterium) for acute maxillary sinusitis. An airway obstruction due to severe uvular angioedema was detected and confirmed by airway X-ray. The patient was treated with 100% oxygen with mask, 0.3 mg epinephrine s.c., and 80 mg prednisolone i.v. Renal and hepatic function tests were normal. After a 24-h observation, the patient was discharged in her previous state of health.
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PMID:Severe uvular angioedema caused by intranasal administration of Ecbalium elaterium. 1059 44


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