Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Lagos 12 755 schoolchildren aged between six and 12 years were screened for evidence of rheumatic heart disease and showed a prevalence rate of 0.03%. Group C (27.7%) and group G (47.3%) predominated in the throat and in cases of pharyngitis, while group A predominated on the skin. Two hundred and sixty-six cases of pharyngitis were recorded, 70 (26.4%) were positive for beta-haemolytic streptococci. Half of the cases of streptococci while 28.2% and 21.1% were caused by groups C and G respectively. A diversity of serotypes of group A streptococci, which included types 49 and 55, and C and G streptococci were isolated from impetiginous skin lesions. The main point of interest is the association of group C and G streptococci with sore throat and skin infections. The pathogenicity of C and G in such circumstances merits further investigation. The present study also showed that prophylactic benzathine penicillin (Penadur) given to patients with rheumatic heart disease or rheumatic fever had been effective with no recurrent attack of acute rheumatic fever.
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PMID:An epidemiological study of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Lagos. 26 91

This I.C.M.R. study was conducted in 74 villages of Chiraigaon block, Varanasi, U.P., during the period March 1983 and December 1986. Before and after health education awareness survey about sore throat, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease was carried out by interviewing 315 persons by stratified random sampling. The study shows that there is significant increase in the knowledge about most of the symptoms, causes, consequences and preventive measures of sore throat, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. This paper highlights the importance of health education as a vital component of rheumatic heart disease control programme.
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PMID:Awareness about sore-throat, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in a rural community. 130 91

Antibodies to group A streptococcal polysaccharide were estimated in the following groups of patients: (I) Patients with uncomplicated streptococcal pharyngitis: 10 patients, followed up for 3 months. (II) Patients with acute rheumatic fever: 8 patients with first attack followed up for one year. (III) Patients with reactivated rheumatic heart disease: 10 patients, followed up for one year. (IV) Patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease: followed up for one year. (V) normal controls without any history of sore throat/fever/vaccination/rheumatic disease: 10 patients followed up for one year. Group (I) patients did not show any significant elevation in anticarbohydrate antibodies by both ELISA and RIA. In the case of (III) and (IV), antibody levels were significantly higher as compared to group (V) and remained so till one year of follow up. In group (II) patients there was no significant rise in antibody levels. There was a good correlation between the ELISA and RIA used to detect the antibody levels. These findings suggest that the use of ELISA to detect anticarbohydrate antibody can be of help in diagnosing cases of rheumatic heart disease (both acute and chronic RHD).
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PMID:Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the detection of anticarbohydrate antibodies in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. 268 29

Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (RF/RHD) and congenital heart disease cause considerable disability and mortality among children, especially in developing countries. In the Shimla Hills of northern India, integrated first-level symptom-based screening for cardiovascular diseases has been conducted in 15,080 schoolchildren aged 5-16 years, with good results. Histories of fever, sore throat, swollen or painful joints, breathlessness, fatigue, and involuntary movements were noted. A physician then looked for objective evidence of RF/RHD, congenital heart disease, or functional murmur in all of the children. When any of those conditions was suspected, the cases were referred to a cardiologist at a tertiary care center, where detailed investigations were conducted. There were 45 cases of RF/RHD, 912 of functional murmur, and 34 of congenital heart disease. Traditional secondary prophylaxis programs for RF/RHD usually exclude congenital heart disease cases even though they also need treatment. This strategy used in Shimla Hills is more ethical and cost-effective than screening programs concerned exclusively with the control of RF/RHD.
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PMID:Integrated community-based screening for cardiovascular diseases of childhood. 961 Feb 50

Today, rheumatic fever is the most common cause of heart disease in children and young adults, and it accounts for about half of all cardiovascular diseases causing death in the first four decades of life, in India. In the present study, conducted during 1991-1992 at Chennai, India, a total of 666 school girls aged 5-15 years were examined clinically for one or more of the following signs and symptoms: repeated sore throat, joint pain/swelling, epistaxis, chest pain, breathlessness, palpitation, abdominal pains, etc. Out of the 666 children screened, 124 were recruited for the present study, based on their meeting one or more of the above mentioned clinical criteria. They were screened for the presence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, and for antistreptolysin O and C-reactive protein. Thus, the aim of the present study was to reduce the load of streptococcal infection and the consequent risk of developing rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. In the present study group, 89.5% of the children indicated a history of repeated sore throat. However, only 4.0% of the children in the study group were positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. The antistreptolysin O and C-reactive protein levels were higher in 11- to 15-year-old patients than in 5- to 10-year-old patients in the study group.
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PMID:Isolation of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in the tonsillopharynx of school children in Madras City and correlation with their clinical features. 1168 81

Prospective surveillance was conducted in three remote Aboriginal communities with high rates of rheumatic heart disease in order to investigate the epidemiology of group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GAS). At each household visit, participants were asked about sore throat. Swabs were taken from all throats and any skin sores. GAS isolates were emm sequence and pattern-typed using standard laboratory methods. There were 531 household visits; 43 different emm types and subtypes (emmST) were recovered. Four epidemiological patterns were observed. Multiple emmST were present in the population at any one time and household acquisition rates were high. Household acquisition was most commonly via 5- to 9-year-olds. Following acquisition, there was a 1 in 5 chance of secondary detection in the household. Throat detection of emmST was brief, usually <2 months. The epidemiology of GAS in these remote Aboriginal communities is a highly dynamic process characterized by emmST diversity and turnover.
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PMID:The dynamic nature of group A streptococcal epidemiology in tropical communities with high rates of rheumatic heart disease. 1754 52

Rheumatic fever (RF), caused by untreated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout much of the less developed world and disadvantaged populations (Indigenous and other) in the developed world. Through systematic literature searches, our group has identified potential risk factors for RF and possible interventions for its prevention. The causes can be divided into biological factors, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors and health-care systems and services. Currently, the most promising medical areas look to be improving access to health care and introducing community and school-based sore throat interventions (which aim to diagnose and treat GAS pharyngitis). We could find no convincing support for skin sepsis causing RF. Overall evidence suggests that measures that aim to alleviate poverty and crowding may also reduce the incidence of RF. In comparatively rich countries such as New Zealand and Australia, urgent measures based on available evidence should be undertaken to reduce the very striking health disparity seen with RF and its sequela, rheumatic heart disease in our at-risk populations.
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PMID:The primary prevention of rheumatic fever. 2085 26

To understand patient and clinician attitudes toward Streptococcus pharyngitis and rheumatic heart disease prevention in Tanzania, data from 3 sources were obtained: a survey of 119 clinicians, outpatient rapid test screening, and interviews with 17 rheumatic heart disease patients. Patients do not seek care for sore throat. Clinicians stated that identifying and treating Streptococcus pharyngitis is not prioritized.
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PMID:Burden of disease and barriers to the diagnosis and treatment of group a beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis for the prevention of rheumatic heart disease in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. 2115 23

Many physicians ignore the traditional dictum that throat culture is the only tool of value in assessing sore throat. A review of the literature supports this skepticism. Evidence indicates that clinical assessment has been underestimated and the significance of positive culture exaggerated.An approach to managing pharyngitis utilizing the combined strengths of throat culture and clinical assessment is proposed. This approach avoids needless cultures, minimizes unnecessary antibiotic use, achieves prompt clinical improvement in patients whose symptoms are most severe and reduces the risk of long term morbidity from rheumatic heart disease to negligible levels.
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PMID:Resolving the sore throat dilemma. 2128 92

Rheumatic heart disease continues to contribute greatly to the burden of cardiovascular disease in Sub-saharan Africa despite advances in medical care. Evidence suggests that the prevalence is far greater than reported. There is therefore the need to emphasize routine screening for at-risk subjects and to appropriately institute adequate therapy and other preventive measures to avert the late and awry manifestation of the disease as presented in this case. This is a case report of one of numerous cases that may eventually suffer the same fate if urgent preventive measures are not instituted. A 20-year old Nigerian woman with past history of recurrent sore throat and a 10-year history of recurrent easy fatiguability and markedly dilated left atrium and pulmonary hypertension presented when she developed severe pulmonary hypertension. A concerted action at all levels of prevention is needed to reduce the burden of this disease among the young population in developing countries.
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PMID:Late presentation of rheumatic heart disease: a justification for renewal of preventive methods? 2153 31


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