Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study of respiratory infections was performed in nineteen married asthmatics and their normal spouses who were examined at monthly intervals during a 1-year period. The colds described were associated with nasal symptoms, sore throat and usually malaise, fever, cough and hoarseness. The asthamtics reported a larger number of these symptomatic episodes than the non-asthmatics but significantly fewer of the episodes in the asthmatics were objectively confirmed by viral isolation or rise in serum titre of viral antibody. The frequency of respiratory infections was not influenced by the long term use of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and oral corticosteroid drugs. Less than 10% of the exacerbations of asthma were associated with respiratory infection. The disability resulting from respiratory infections in the asthmatics did not significantly exceed that in the non-asthmatics.
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PMID:A prospective study of respiratory infection in adult asthmatics and their normal spouses. 22 77

Respiratory infections are the most common group of diseases experienced in the community and treated by doctors. Tonsillitis and pharyngitis, sometimes referred to together as acute sore throat, are among the most common of the individual respiratory infections.
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PMID:Acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis and tonsillectomy. 88 Jan 57

One of the characteristic features of asthma is its tendency to become exacerbated during acute infections of the respiratory tract. There are only a few studies on the relation between infection and the exacerbation of asthma in adult asthmatics. Epithelial damage and airway inflammation, leading to transient increase in bronchial reactivity, are believed to be some of the mechanisms whereby respiratory infections cause asthmatic exacerbations. A total of 150 patients with asthma were studied. Study I, which dealt with the effect of respiratory infections on the exacerbation of asthma, comprised 92 asthmatics. The patients evaluated the severity of their disease daily by recording a symptom score in a follow-up chart. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured by the patients with a mini-Wright peak flow meter twice a day. In order to detect respiratory infections, the occurrence of fever, sore throat and symptoms of rhinitis were also recorded. The daily self-observation by the patients was augmented by monthly examinations by a physician and an interview by a nurse. In the course of study I, 253 episodes of exacerbation of asthma were observed in 67 of the 92 patients. 63 (25%) of these 253 exacerbations were found in association with symptomatic respiratory infection (SRI). The mean duration of exacerbations associated with SRI was 11.4 days, significantly longer than the mean duration of 8.1 days of the other exacerbations. A series of 39 patients were entered in study II concerning the effect of vaccination on airway conductance and respiratory symptoms, and 27 asthmatics were assigned to study III which dealt with bronchial reactivity after vaccination with killed influenza virus vaccine. Study IV (bronchial reactivity after influenza A infection) comprised 13 patients. 21 members of hospital staff, without a history of chest disease, participated in studies II and IV as healthy controls. The virus vaccines in studies II, III and IV were provided by the manufacturers. The subjects were seen by the investigators immediately before and 2, 3 and either 14 or 21 days after vaccination. The presence of respiratory symptoms was assessed at each visit. In order to detect changes in respiratory function after vaccination, Raw and ITGV were measured at each visit. The results were expressed as specific airway conductance (SGaw). In studies III and IV, airway reactivity to inhaled histamine before and after vaccination was also measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute respiratory infection, influenza vaccination and airway reactivity in asthma. 348 Feb 32

Acute rheumatic fever is reported to have declined and perhaps be vanishing. Prompted by the occurrence of 17 cases of acute rheumatic fever in an 18-month period in 1985 and 1986, we reviewed the records of 243 children with acute rheumatic fever who were cared for at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh or Mercy Hospital between 1965 and 1986. Acute rheumatic fever was diagnosed using the modified Jones criteria and cases were classified by major criteria as arthritis, arthritis and carditis, carditis alone, carditis and chorea, chorea alone, and arthritis and chorea. Among the 17 recent patients, 59% had carditis, 30% had chorea, and 24% had arthritis alone. The proportion of children who had particular major manifestations was similar in the last two decades and in 1985 to 1986. The recent children with acute rheumatic fever ranged in age from 6 to 13 years with a mean and median age of 10 years. There were 16 white children and one Asian child. Only four children lived in an urban setting. When demographic features of the children were contrasted with those in the previous two decades, a decrease in the proportion of children who lived in urban areas and who were black was noted. Four children had a history of preceding sore throat but only three sought medical care; nine children had no memorable illness and four had either a nonrespiratory illness or a respiratory infection without sore throat. This resurgence of rheumatic fever serves as a reminder that a diligent approach to the diagnosis and therapy of streptococcal infections remains essential.
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PMID:Acute rheumatic fever in western Pennsylvania and the tristate area. 362 88

Mycoplasma hominis seldom colonizes the human respiratory tract and only rarely causes acute respiratory infection. It can be recovered from the respiratory secretions of 1-3% of healthy persons and of less than or equal to 8% of persons with chronic respiratory disease, but it has not been implicated definitely in the etiology of this disease or in the exacerbations that characterize its course. M. hominis has been isolated from less than or equal to 6% of persons with acute pharyngitis or acute upper respiratory tract illnesses and can induce exudative pharyngitis in susceptible volunteers when administered intranasally and oropharyngeally. Colonization of the respiratory tract by M. hominis occurs in approximately 15% of persons who engage in oral-genital sexual practices, but colonization alone is not necessarily associated with sore throat or other upper respiratory diseases. Although M. hominis has been recovered from adults with pneumonia more often than from controls, a pathogenic role in pneumonia of adults has not been established. Under special conditions, e.g., neonatal pneumonia, M. hominis appears to be pathogenic for the lower respiratory tract. Thus M. hominis probably is only an occasional respiratory pathogen in the adult and a rare "opportunistic" pathogen of the respiratory tract of the neonate.
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PMID:Mycoplasma hominis: a review of its role as a respiratory tract pathogen of humans. 666 78

The prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhea was investigated in a previously unstudied population: adult patients seeking care for sore throats and other symptoms of respiratory infection in general medical practices. The complaint of sore throat accounts for at least 15 million patient visits each year in the United States. A prospective study of 239 patients in three different settings revealed prevalences of 1% (95% confidence interval of 0.1-3%) in the 192 patients with sore throats, and of zero (95% confidence interval of zero to 3.4%) in 47 patients with respiratory infection symptoms other than sore throat. The data support the position that routine pharyngeal culturing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae for patients who have sore throats is not cost-efficient.
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PMID:Prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhea in general medical patients with sore throats. 677 84

In developing country settings without access to bacterial culture and rapid diagnostic tests, the prevention of acute rheumatic fever depends on clinicians' presumptive treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. This study evaluated the effectiveness of World Health Organization (WHO) acute respiratory infection guidelines in a large pediatric clinic (Abu Reesh Children's Hospital) in Cairo, Egypt. 451 children 2-13 years of age with sore throat and pharyngeal erythema were enrolled, 107 (24%) of whom had group A beta-hemolytic streptococci on throat culture. Purulent exudate, present in 99 (22%) of these children, was 31% sensitive and 81% specific for a positive culture. The WHO guidelines, which recommend treatment for pharyngeal exudate plus enlarged and tender cervical node, were 12% sensitive and 94% specific. Based on these guidelines, 13 of 107 children with a positive throat culture would correctly receive antibiotics and 323 of 344 with a negative culture would not receive antibiotics. A modified guideline in which exudate or large cervical nodes would indicate antibiotic treatment would be 84% sensitive and 40% specific. With this modification, 90 of 107 children with a positive throat culture would correctly receive antibiotics and 138 out of 344 with a negative culture would not receive treatment. However, additional prospective studies from other regions of Egypt are necessary before modified guidelines are implemented.
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PMID:Effectiveness of clinical guidelines for the presumptive treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis in Egyptian children. 943 44

Psittacosis, also referred to as ornithosis, is a disease primarily of birds, which may be transmitted to humans. Psittacosis is caused by Chlamydia psittaci, an obligate intracellular parasite found worldwide. Humans are infected with C. psittaci when the organism enters the blood stream, usually through inhalation of dried excrement from diseased birds or through wound contamination with infected avian secretions. C. psittaci replicates in the liver and spleen and infects the lung and other organs hematogenously.1 The clinical manifestations of human psittacosis range from a mild respiratory infection to a severe systemic illness.1,2 Symptoms are frequently described as flu-like with fever, headache, body aches, and dry or productive cough. Sore throat, chest pain, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea are variably present. Physical findings may include a pulse-temperature dissociation, localized lung crackles, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and a pale macular skin rash. Chest radiographs may demonstrate lesions that are atelectatic, patchy, miliary, nodular, or consolidated in one or both lungs. White cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and liver function tests are usually normal. In severe illness, signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction, neurological impairment, and respiratory and renal failure may be present. Since 1879 when psittacosis was recognized as a disease entity, cases have been reported in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. However, reports of psittacosis in Africa have been rare. An Ethiopian group, studying community-acquired pneumonia, published what they claimed to be the first report of psittacosis in Africa in 1994.3 The report published here is believed to be the first documented case of human psittacosis in Egypt.
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PMID:Psittacosis in Egypt: A Case Study. 981 79

Military Special Forces trainees undergo intense psychological and physical stressors that often lead to respiratory infection. During 1998-2000, 477 Navy Special Forces trainees were enrolled in a double-blind trial of oral azithromycin (1 g given weekly) plus a placebo injection, compared with benzathine penicillin G (1.2 million U) plus azithromycin placebo tablets. Among the 464 subjects with complete data, 44 developed acute respiratory infection (20 with pneumonia) during the 2 weeks of most intense training; of these subjects, 12 (27.3%) had evidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and 7 (15.9%) had evidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Trainees who received azithromycin were less likely than were trainees who received benzathine penicillin G to develop acute respiratory infection (risk ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.92) and less likely at the end of training to report episodes of breathing difficulty (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; 95% CI, 0.34-1.01) or sore throat (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.41-1.05). Compared with benzathine penicillin G prophylaxis, weekly oral azithromycin was superior in preventing respiratory infection in this population at transient high risk.
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PMID:Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of oral azithromycin prophylaxis against respiratory infections in a high-risk, young adult population. 1152 69

Infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract are one of the most common health problems and antibiotics are used to treat them. The correct use of these drugs depends on a variety of factors: the doctor, the patient and the pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study was to examine the knowledge, attitude and perception of patients with regard to antibiotics. The study was conducted by carrying out personal interviews with 600 adults and 200 childcare workers who had had a mild to moderate respiratory infection in the two previous months for which an antibiotic was prescribed. In general, the infections had little impact on the everyday lives of the patients, and were mostly categorized as coughing, flu or sore throat. Almost half of the patients waited for the doctor to prescribe an antibiotic when they had an appointment (42% adults and 47% caregivers). A total of 85% of the adults and 71% of the children were treated with penicillin. The majority improved in three days and felt they had recovered in six, a time period which was in accordance with the patients' expectations of the efficacy of the drug. The perception of efficacy was related to a faster initiation of symptomatic improvement or recovery, to short-term treatments, to the information received, and to a better attitude toward their doctor. In general, the patients felt satisfied with the attention they received and related this satisfaction to their trust in their doctor, the efficacy of treatment and the duration of their appointment. The use of antibiotics in mild to moderate respiratory infections is common, and they are often used to treat disease processes that seemingly do not require their use. To improve the use of antibiotics attention needs to be placed on the prescribers and on the consumers.
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PMID:[Knowledge, attitude and experience of the Spanish population with respect to antibiotics]. 1175 46


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