Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven patients, aged 12 to 19 years, had atypical measles. Prodromal symptoms of fever, malaise, myalgia, headache, nausea, and vomiting were commonly followed by coryza, sore throat, conjunctivitis, photophobia, nonproductive cough, and pleuritic pain. The characteristic rash was erythematous, maculopapular, and progressed frequently to vesicular, petechial, or purpuric lesions. It initially involved palms and soles with subsequent spread to proximal extremities and the trunk, sparing the face. Six of six chest roentgenograms showed infiltrates. Findings not previously described in atypical measles included liver enzyme elevations, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, possible transmission among three siblings, and suspected cardiac involvement. Measles complement fixation titers compatible with recent infection were seen in all patients. All patients had previously received killed measles vaccine. A substantial number of persons who are older adolescents or young adults may be at risk of developing atypical measles.
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PMID:Atypical measles in adolescents and young adults. 44 83

Rhinoviruses (HRVs) were isolated from 307 children (7.1%) in the virological surveillance of 4334 children with acute respiratory tract illnesses in Morioka, Japan (September 1973-December 1983). Although HRVs were isolated throughout the year, frequency of HRV infection was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) during the April-November (233/2853; 8.2%) than during the December-March (47/1481; 5.0%). There were two peaks of incidence in May (9.5%) and September (9.1%). During the May-September, the rate of HRV infection was higher in patients under the age of 11 months than the next higher group of 1-2 years old (p less than 0.001). The incidence decreased with increasing age. The illnesses of HRV infection were analysed in 294 patients, except one patient who had symptoms of measles, from whom HRV was isolated singly. Although HRV-associated illnesses were generally mild (57.5%). Upper respiratory tract illnesses (URTIs) with fever were found in 22.1% and lower respiratory tract illnesses (LRTIs) in 20.4% of these. The rate of LRTI was higher during the epidemic period (April-September) than other periods (p less than 0.02). Major symptoms of HRV-associated illnesses observed were sore throat (87.4%), cough (84.0%), and nasal obstruction and/or discharge (72.8%). Wheezing was observed in 21.8% of these. From 19 (21.8%) of 47 patients clinically diagnosed as asthmatic bronchitis in this survey, viruses were isolated. HRV was detected most frequently in 12.8% of these patients, followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 6.4%) and adenovirus (2.1%). HRV- and RSV-associated asthmatic bronchitis were observed during April-September and November-February, respectively. Viral dual infections were detected in total 20 cases included 12 HRV-associated cases. In no case was the illness of greater severity than might have been caused by either agent acting singly.
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PMID:[Virological surveillance of acute respiratory tract illnesses of children in Morioka, Japan. II. Rhinovirus infection]. 166 66

A cluster of 134 patients who had undergone Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serological testing because of suspected chronic EBV syndrome was investigated in Nevada. Fifteen case-patients were identified who had severe, persistent fatigue of undetermined etiology for more than two months. When compared with the remaining 119 patients who had less severe illnesses and with 30 age-, sex-, and race-matched control-persons, these 15 patients had significantly higher antibody titers against various components of EBV and against cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex and measles viruses. Epstein-Barr virus serology could not reliably differentiate individual case-patients from the others, and the reproducibility of the tests within and among laboratories was poor. As a group, the case-patients appear to have had a syndrome that is characterized by chronic fatigue, fever, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy. The relationship of this fatigue syndrome to EBV is unclear; further studies are needed to determine its etiology.
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PMID:A cluster of patients with a chronic mononucleosis-like syndrome. Is Epstein-Barr virus the cause? 303 37

Incidence rates of six respiratory infections were calculated from sentinel practice data of 33,407 reports coming from 31 general practitioners in Queensland over 34 months in 1986/1988. Upper respiratory tract infection had an annual incidence of 301 per 1000 people, most in children aged under five, and a winter rate twice the summer rate. Sore throat (incidence 112:1000) and Infectious mononucleosis (incidence 2.7:1000) had little seasonal variation and were maximal among those aged 15-19 (in whom there was one case of Infectious mononucleosis for every 14 sore throats). Influenza (incidence 44:1000) underwent a prominent epidemic in the winter of 1988. Measles (incidence 1.9:1000), and pertussis and pertussis-like syndrome (incidence 0.8:1000) were most commonly reported in the under-fives, and rarely among adults. Sentinel practices networks collect useful epidemiological data from which disease incidences can be calculated.
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PMID:Incidence patterns of respiratory illness in Queensland estimated from sentinel general practice. 777 70

Measles should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever and the characteristic viral exanthem, even if a history of adequate immunization is obtained. We present the case of a 23-year-old white female who developed high fever (103 degrees F), brightly erythematous eruptions on the face, sore throat, dry cough, and myalgia 5 days after her return to the United States following a trip to Calcutta, India. The patient had extensive facial erythema from the hairline to the neck, but some areas beneath the chin were spared. Fine erythematous papules extended down the anterior neck, and white papules were seen on the buccal mucosa. The erythematous macules spread to the trunk and extremities, eventually becoming confluent and desquamating over a period of 1 week. Defervescence occurred with desquamation. Measles serology revealed the IgM antibody as positive and the IgG antibody as negative despite 2 measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccinations at ages 15 months and 7 years. Skin biopsy was consistent with viral infection.
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PMID:Vaccine era measles in an adult. 1110 18

Age distribution, history of vaccination against measles, clinical signs and symptoms were investigated among a total of 113 adult measles patients admitted in our hospital between January, 2000 and December, 2002. The maximum body temperature, duration of fever, presence of Koplik spot and exanthema among these adult inpatients were compared with those among 1-to-5-year-old inpatients having measles. Concerning age distribution, the peak was found at the age of 20-24 years. Most of adult inpatients had not contracted measles until then and had not been vaccinated against measles. The infection route was unknown except a small number of inpatients. Clinical signs and symptoms among adult inpatients were about the same of those in pediatric inpatients except a sore throat. Complications occurred in 17 cases out of 113 adult inpatients, 4 of them had encephalitis or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and the other 4 cases contracted pneumonia. Among the 45 child inpatients, whereas, 23 had complications, 13 of them had pneumonia, 3 contracted otitis media, and an additional 3 suffered from both pneumonia and otitis media. From the results it is reasonably concluded that clinical signs and symptoms among adults impatients with measles are comparable with those of pediatric measles inpatients or slightly severer.
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PMID:[Clinical investigation on adult inpatients contracted measles; comparing with pediatric measles inpatients]. 1460 14

A 30-year-old homosexual Japanese man had fourteen days of fever, malaise, appetite loss, sore throat, and four days of diarrhea and slightly congested eyes before he developed a skin eruption. He presented with measles-like exanthems on his face, trunk, and extremities. Deep red enanthems were seen on his left buccal mucosa opposite the premolar teeth, and whitish enanthems were seen on the buccal and gingival mucosa. HIV RNA was detected at the high concentration of 5.8 x 10(6) copies /ml in his serum. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed aseptic meningitis with 5,488 copies /ml of HIV RNA. Anti-HIV 1 antibodies against Gp160 and p24 tested by Western blot assay showed seroconversion on day 5 of his admission, seven days after he developed the skin eruptions. The fever lasted for three weeks from the initial onset, and the skin eruptions lasted for twelve days. Histopathologically, a mononuclear cell infiltration was seen mainly in the upper dermis surrounding small vessels and sweat ducts, with CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes predominant. Additionally, CD1a+ putative interdigitating dendritic cells had also infiltrated perivascularly, and were surrounded by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. In situ hybridization study failed to detect HIV products in skin biopsy specimens. Our findings suggested that CD8+ T cells and their interaction with CD1a+ dendritic cells in the skin may be important in inducing skin manifestations in acute HIV infections.
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PMID:A case of symptomatic primary HIV infection. 1590 46

Tropidurus hispidus has been used in traditional medicine in several regions of Northeastern Region of Brazil. Its medicinal use involves the treatment of diseases such as warts, sore throat, tonsillitis, chicken pox, varicella, measles, asthma, alcoholism, and dermatomycosis. The present study evaluated the topical anti-inflammatory activity of Tropidurus hispidus fat in treating ear edema in an animal model. Oil from T. hispidus (OTH) was evaluated on its effect against experimental inflammation in mice. OTH was extracted from body fat located in the ventral region of Tropidurus hispidus using hexane as a solvent. We used the model of mouse ear edema induced by phlogistic agents, croton oil (single and multiple applications), arachidonic acid, phenol, capsaicin, and histamine, applied into the right ears of animals pretreated with acetone (control), dexamethasone, or OTH. OTH inhibited the dermatitis induced by all noxious agents, except capsaicin. This effect may be related to the fatty acids present in OTH.
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PMID:Topical Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Oil from Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825). 2666 48

Nowadays, the age group affected from measles has widened and the disease has become more common among adolescents and young adults. The number of measles case reports have increased in our country, particularly from 2010-2011, and measles outbreaks occurred in various regions in 2012 and 2013. The aim of this study was to analyze the demographical and epidemiological characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings, and complications of adult patients with measles who were affected during the outbreak. A total of 28 patients (25 male, 3 female; age range: 19-39 years, median age: 24) who were hospitalized and followed-up in our clinic between January 2013 and June 2013, were evaluated. In the serum sample of the index case, measles-specific IgM antibodies were detected by ELISA, and measles virus RNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), then genotyping was performed to detect the epidemiological relationship. In all of the other cases, measles IgM and IgG antibodies were screened by ELISA. The most common symptoms on admission included high fever (n= 28, 100%), malaise (n= 25, 89%), sore throat (n= 25, 89%), headache (n= 20, 71%) and cough (n= 18, 64%). At physical examination, rash (n= 28, 100%), lymphadenopathy (n= 11, 39%) and conjunctivitis (n= 10, 36%) were in the foreground, and Koplik spots were detected in five (18%) cases. The most common laboratory findings were; increased level of C-reactive protein (n= 15, 54%), leukopenia (n= 12, 43%) and increased serum levels of aminotransferases (n= 12, 43%), and thrombocytopenia was detected in five (18%) patients. One or more complications (secondary bacterial pneumonia in 5, diarrhea in 4, hepatitis in 3 and otitis in 2 cases) developed in the eight (29%) patients. Measles RT-PCR and IgM tests yielded positive results for the index case, and the isolate was identified as D8 strain by genotyping. Measles lgM antibodies were also positive in all of the other cases. The hospitalization period was estimated as 3-7 days (median: 5 days), while all the patients were discharged with recovery. It appeared that, our index case had come from a troop in Amasya province three days ago and he had a history of contact with suspected measles patients. In addition, the D8 strain determined in the index case was found to be related with the strain that caused the outbreak in Amasya province. Of the cases, 20 (71.4%) were military personnel, and eight (28.6%) were civilian who had histories of contact with military personnel. Regardless of immunity status in the outbreak period, all of the healthcare staff in our hospital, especially in risky departments, was recommended to be vaccinated. Personnel vaccination was provided at a high rate, however nosocomial transmission occurred in two unvaccinated cases. In conclusion, measles is an important health problem, especially in the adult age group, because of the complications and labour loss. For outbreak management; the awareness of health personnel should be increased following the identification of index case, proper isolation measures should be taken for the hospitalized patients, and routine reporting should be carried out timely and accurately.
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PMID:[Measles outbreak in the adult age group: evaluation of 28 cases]. 2705 35

Measles is becoming more prevalent; it can be difficult to diagnose, with severe complications in pregnancy. We report a case of measles in a 27-year-old, parainfluenza virus type 2-infected woman who was 32 weeks pregnant. She presented with fever, tachycardia, sore throat and a pruritic rash. She never had the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine. Serology showed raised inflammatory markers with lymphopoenia. Throat swab showed parainfluenza virus. Chest radiography was normal. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy, she developed worsening respiratory failure requiring premature delivery via caesarean section.Postoperatively, she was transferred to a tertiary centre for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. She was decannulated and made a full recovery. Meanwhile, her husband was diagnosed with measles. She was then tested and measles was confirmed. The baby did not develop congenital measles.This case emphasises the importance of vaccine histories at booking of pregnancy and early multidisciplinary team input to facilitate delivery in rapidly deteriorating pregnant women.
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PMID:Measles in pregnancy. 3107 92


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