Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the causes and clinical characteristics of acute pharyngitis among school-aged children (4 to 18 years), we obtained throat cultures for respiratory viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, group A streptococcus, and Chlamydia trachomatis from 320 patients with sore throat and 308 controls without respiratory complaints. The study was conducted from January to April 1985 in a private pediatric practice in central New York State. Sixty percent of the patients and 26% of the control subjects had positive cultures for at least one organism. Forty percent of patients had positive cultures for group A streptococcus, compared with 11.9% of the controls. Fifty (16%) patients had positive viral cultures, compared with eight (2.6%) controls; the predominant viral isolate was influenza A Philippines. Patients infected with influenza A were significantly more likely to complain of cough and hoarseness, and were less likely to have pharyngeal exudate or tender cervical adenopathy, than were patients who had positive cultures for group A streptococcus. Although 49 (15.8%) patients with acute pharyngitis had cultures positive for M. pneumoniae, 53 (17.6%) asymptomatic controls were also had M. pneumoniae-positive cultures. Thus detection of M. pneumoniae in the throat of school-aged children with pharyngitis may not be sufficient to establish a diagnosis of disease caused by this organism. C. trachomatis was not isolated from any patient or control.
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PMID:Viral and bacterial organisms associated with acute pharyngitis in a school-aged population. 353 96

Lyme disease typically begins with a unique skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) (stage 1). Patients with this lesion may also have headache, meningeal irritation, mild encephalopathy, multiple annular secondary lesions, malar or urticarial rash, generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, migratory musculoskeletal pain, hepatitis, sore throat, non-productive cough, conjunctivitis, periorbital edema, or testicular swelling. After a few weeks to months (stage 2), about 15% of patients develop frank neurologic abnormalities, including meningitis, encephalitis, cranial neuritis (including bilateral facial palsy), motor or sensory radiculoneuritis, mononeuritis multiplex, or myelitis. At this time, about 8% of patients develop cardiac involvement--AV block, acute myopericarditis, cardiomegaly, or pancarditis. Throughout this stage, many patients continue to experience migratory musculoskeletal pain in joints, tendons, bursae, muscle, or bone. Months to years after disease onset (stage 3), about 60% of patients develop frank arthritis, which may be intermittent or chronic. Recently evidence suggests that Lyme disease may also be associated with chronic neurologic or skin involvement. Thus, Lyme disease occurs in stages with different clinical manifestations at each stage, but the course of the illness in each patient is highly variable.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of Lyme disease. 355 39

A review of the medical and personal histories of 100 gay men in San Francisco, 24 of whom had already developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), uncovered disproportionate prior antibiotic and immunosuppressive drug use. 25 of the men reported at least 9 of the following 12 conditions: antibiotic treatment for multiple episodes of gonorrhea, hepatitis, nonspecific urethritis, dermatological eruptions treated with long-term tetracycline, sedative or tranquilizer use, chronic sore throat treated with antibiotics, herpes simplex, chronic use of allergy medications and symptom suppressants, lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, daily alcohol use, and recreational drug abuse. On the basis of this finding, it is hypothesized that a prior history of chronic inflammation, combined with the administration of antibiotics and other immunosuppressive drugs, creates an environment conducive to the growth and reproduction of an array of micro-organisms, including the retrovirus found in AIDS. Moreover, among both US homosexuals and African AIDS patients, chemical immunosuppression is often linked to endemic syphilis. The expression of such secondary and tertiary syphilis is commonly masked and distorted by the long-term effects of subcurative doses of antibiotics; in fact, late latent and tertiary syphilis produce symptoms and immunosuppression similar to the profile of AIDS. It is estimated that at least 60% of US homosexuals have a history of syphilis, and 90% of gay with AIDS have had at least 1 syphilitic infection. Since the immunosuppression of advanced syphilis and drug-induced immunosuppression can produce false-negative results in antigen and antibody tests for syphilis, it is recommended that gay men obtain baseline serologic tests for syphilis and undergo repeat testing if new symptoms arise.
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PMID:Unmasking AIDS: chemical immunosuppression and seronegative syphilis. 364 10

A detailed clinicopathologic analysis of 30 patients with sporadic fatal infectious mononucleosis and 31 males with fatal infectious mononucleosis and the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome was performed to determine the extent of hepatic dysfunction in these cases. At death, the median age of patients with sporadic infectious mononucleosis was 10.7 yr vs. 2.4 yr for X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. The median survival time was 8 wk for sporadic infectious mononucleosis and only 4 wk for X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. The male to female ratio was 3:2 in sporadic infectious mononucleosis; all patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome were males. Fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly were prominent findings. Hepatic dysfunction was uniformly present and caused death in 13 of 30 sporadic infectious mononucleosis cases and 18 of 31 X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome cases. Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis was confirmed by heterophile antibody titers or Monospot, Epstein-Barr virus antibody studies, viral culture, molecular hybridization studies, clinical and histologic findings, and pedigree analysis.
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PMID:Hepatitis in fatal infectious mononucleosis. 367 38

73 cases of anthrax were recorded by the Health Office in the Sivas region in the last 4 years. This paper presents a rare and severe clinical form of anthrax displaying diagnostic difficulties. Six women aged between 16-46 were diagnosed as having throat anthrax and treated in the Infectious Diseases Department of Cumhuriyet University. The lesions were localized on the tonsils in 5 cases and on the base of the tongue in 1 case. The main clinical features were sore throat, dysphagia, fever, regional lymphadenopathy on the neck and toxemia. Three patients died with toxemia and sepsis. The diagnosis was confirmed by the isolation of Bacillus anthracis.
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PMID:Primary throat anthrax. A report of six cases. 377 69

During the 3-year study period, 155 culture-positive cases of diphtheria were reviewed at the Institute of Child Health, Kabul. They comprised 0.6% of hospital admissions due to medical disorders in our institute. About 80% of patients belonged to an age group of 1-10 years and only two patients were less than 1 year old. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. There was no history of previous vaccination against diphtheria in 96.7% of patients. In the majority of patients faucial diphtheria was diagnosed (77.4%), followed by laryngeal (16.1%) an combined pharyngolaryngeal (6.5%). Clinical presentation was with a mild to moderate degree of fever, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, toxaemia, tachycardia and a characteristic thick greyish-white membrane. The main early complications were laryngeal obstruction (35), myocarditis (18), shock (3), polyneuritis (3) and renal failure (2). The overall case fatality rate was 19.3%. Prognosis was unfavourable in patients with laryngeal diphtheria when there was a delay of more than 4 days before reaching the hospital and if there was a delay in relieving laryngeal obstruction by tracheostomy. Outcome was unrelated to the age of the patient.
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PMID:Diphtheria in Afghanistan--review of 155 cases. 383 20

A 17-year-old white male with a past history of chronic inhalational abuse of plastic glue was referred to our institution for sore throat, cervical adenopathy, and an abnormal peripheral blood smear. A diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia was made and abnormalities in cytogenetic studies were demonstrated. Specific inquiry regarding this form of drug exposure should be pursued when searching for possible etiologies of malignant disease.
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PMID:Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in a glue sniffer. 386 Oct 92

This article reports a case of needlestick transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection to a health care worker in the UK from a patient who was presumably infected while in Africa. The patient, a white woman who had lived in central southern Africa, presented at the hospital with general malaise, dry cough, and fever. Lung biopsy revealed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia infection, and the patient was seropositive for HTLV-III infection with a titer of 260. The patient reported that she had been unwell for 2-3 years. She had none of the accepted risk factors for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and neither she nor her husband had visited the US, the Caribbean, or Zaire. Serum from the husband was positive for HTLV-III antibodies at a titer of 450. Despite intensive management and treatment with pentamidine, the patient died. During management of this case, a nursing staff member sustained a needlestick injury to the finger while resheathing a hypodermic needle. A small amount of blood was probably injected. 13 days later, the health care worker developed a severe flu-like illness with sore throat, headache, myalgia, and facial neuralgia. A macular rash and generalized lymphadenopathy were also noted. Serum drawn 27 days after the incident was negative for anti-HTLV-III infection, but titers on days 49 and 57 were 12 and 24, respectively. This contrasts with experience in the US, where needlestick injuries in health care workers have not resulted in either disease or transmission. It is assumed that the patient acquired AIDS in Africa, and that the infection was transmitted heterosexually. This case raises the possibility of differences in infectivity and other characteristics between HTLV-III viruses of US and African origin.
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PMID:Needlestick transmission of HTLV-III from a patient infected in Africa. 615 Mar 72

In a prospective study 43 consecutive children in hospital, aged between 6 months and 7 years and displaying at least one of the clinical signs of infectious mononucleosis (IM), were investigated for Epstein-Barr (EB) virus-specific IgM antibodies by an indirect immunofluorescence test. On this basis EB virus infection was considered confirmed in 8 patients, each of whom had IgM antibodies in the initial serum sample. In one additional patient, IgM antibodies were only detected in a second sample. The IgM antibodies disappeared with 3-11 weeks. Assessment of IgG antibodies had no diagnostic value in the acute phase of IM. Clinically the 3 youngest children, about 1 year of age, were diagnosed as having pneumonia or hepatitis, the 5 other consecutive patients as having IM. Hepatosplenomegaly was fairly frequently associated with IM, while sore throat, lymphadenopathy, and rash were often signs of other diseases. Only the oldest child had heterophil antibodies. Atypical lymphocytes (greater than 10%) were present in 4 of the 9 IM cases and were seen in children with other diseases as well. Our data stress the importance of measuring EB virus-specific IgM antibodies in order to diagnose IM in early childhood.
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PMID:Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection in early childhood. 625 87

Twelve renal transplant patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) were studied. Two clinical patterns were identified: (1) Young patients present with an infectious mononucleosis-like illness with fever, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy soon after transplantation or antirejection therapy. Many organs are ultimately involved, and the clinical course is one of a rapidly fatal LPD. (2) Older patients present a longer time after transplantation with symptoms of solid tumors involving the central nervous system, oropharynx, liver, or small bowel. The clinical course is slower, but it is progressive and fatal. Morphologically these LPDs can all be classified as polymorphic diffuse B-cell hyperplasia (PDBH) or polymorphic diffuse B-cell lymphoma (PBL). Cell marker studies in four patients demonstrated a polyclonal B-cell proliferation. Transition from a polyclonal B-cell proliferation to a monoclonal tumor may occur. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) specific antibody titers, anticomplement immunofluorescence staining of tumors for the presence of the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA), and EBV complementary ribonucleic acid (cRNA)/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization and vDNA/DNA reassociation analysis implicate EBV as the probable etiologic agent in these disorders. Successful management of these lethal LPDs may depend on discontinuation of immunosuppression and removal of the allograft. Antiviral therapy, however, may prove to be useful.
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PMID:The Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Clinical, pathologic, and virologic correlation. 626 59


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