Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) contributes to the development of many otolaryngologic symptoms and conditions, including chronic throat clearing, cough, sore throat, contact ulcer and granuloma, globus pharyngeus, cervical dysphagia, cancer of the larynx, subglottic stenosis, and cricoarytenoid arthritis. These conditions are discussed and the pathogenesis of GERD is also detailed.
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PMID:Laryngopharyngeal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease. 175 20

Fiberoptic laryngoscopic examinations were performed on 40 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, 25 of whom had persistent laryngeal symptoms (dysphonia, cough, globus sensation, frequent throat clearing, or sore throat) and 15 without laryngeal symptoms who served as disease controls. Ten patients with laryngeal symptoms but none of the controls had laryngoscopic findings consistent with reflux laryngitis. Dual-site ambulatory pH recordings were obtained with the pH electrodes spaced 15 cm apart and with the proximal sensor positioned just distal to the upper esophageal sphincter. Patients in the three groups (disease controls: group 1; patients with symptoms but without laryngoscopic findings: group 2; and patients with both laryngeal symptoms and findings: group 3) were comparable in terms of age, smoking habit, the presence of esophagitis, and distal esophageal acid exposure. Proximal esophageal acid exposure was, however, significantly increased in groups 2 and 3, and nocturnal proximal esophageal acidification occurred in over half of these patients but in none of the group 1 patients. We conclude that the subset of reflux patients who experience laryngeal symptoms show significantly more proximal esophageal acid exposure (especially nocturnally) and often have laryngoscopic findings of posterior laryngitis not observed in control reflux patients.
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PMID:Proximal esophageal pH-metry in patients with 'reflux laryngitis'. 198 28

Eleven patients presenting to an ear, nose, and throat specialist were diagnosed as having idiopathic hoarseness and prospectively evaluated for evidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) to determine if an association existed. Testing for GER included voice analysis, EGD, esophageal manometry, Bernstein test, and ambulatory 24-hr pH monitoring. Six of the 11 (55%) hoarse patients studied had GER by pH monitoring (mean score 105 +/- 23), and most reflux episodes were supine and prolonged (20.9 +/- 8.2% supine pH less than 4.0, longest 129 min). All patients with abnormal pH monitoring had endoscopic esophagitis (Barrett's esophagus in two, peptic stricture in one, and erosive esophagitis in three), while none of the patients with normal scores had esophagitis. Symptoms of throat pain or nocturnal heartburn were more common in the GER-positive patients (6 of 6 vs 1 of 5), and clinically helpful in discriminating which hoarse patients had pathologic GER. Treatment with ranitidine 150 mg per os twice a day for 12 weeks improved esophagitis in all patients, but the voice improved in only one of the two patients with completely healed esophagitis. This study suggests that (1) GER is frequently seen in patients with idiopathic hoarseness (55%), (2) hoarse patients with throat pain or nocturnal heartburn are likely to have severe esophagitis and should be evaluated by EGD, and (3) additional antireflux and voice therapy may be necessary to heal esophagitis and improve the voice.
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PMID:Evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux as a cause of idiopathic hoarseness. 259 57

Chronic hoarseness, chronic sore throat, "lump in the throat," or cervical pain with swallowing were the primary complaints in 25 (6.6%) of 379 patients undergoing esophagoscopy for gastroesophageal reflux at the Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center between 1981 and 1985. In 18 (72%) of the 25 patients, these were the only reflux symptoms. Surgery was required to control symptoms in nine (36%) patients with upper aerodigestive tract complaints, versus 52 (15%) of 354 patients with more typical reflux symptoms (z = 2.77, p less than 0.01). Surgery was also necessary more often in patients with chronic hoarseness or sore throat (seven of 15) than in those with "lump in the throat" or cervical pain with swallowing (two of 10). These findings suggest reflux does cause otherwise unexplained upper aerodigestive tract symptoms, and that surgery may be required more often to control these symptoms than is the case in patients with more typical symptoms of reflux.
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PMID:Primary upper aerodigestive tract manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux. 333 56

A meta-analysis was performed on randomised prospective trials comparing the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) with other forms of airway management to determine if the LMA offered any advantages over the tracheal tube (TT) or facemask (FM). Of the 858 LMA publications identified to December 1994, 52 met the criteria for the analysis. Thirty-two different issues were tested using Fisher's method for combining the P values. The LMA has 13 advantages over the TT and four over the FM. The LMA had two disadvantages over the TT and one over the FM. There were 12 issues where neither device had an advantage. Advantages over the TT included: increased speed and ease of placement by inexperienced personnel; increased speed of placement by anaesthetists; improved haemodynamic stability at induction and during emergence; minimal increase in intraocular pressure following insertion; reduced anaesthetic requirements for airway tolerance; lower frequency of coughing during emergence; improved oxygen saturation during emergence; and lower incidence of sore throat in adults. Advantages over the FM included: easier placement by inexperienced personnel; improved oxygen saturation; less hand fatigue; and improved operating conditions during minor paediatric otological surgery. Disadvantages over the TT were lower seal pressures and a higher frequency of gastric insufflation. The only disadvantage compared with the FM was that oesophageal reflux was more likely. The importance of these findings in terms of patient outcome could not be determined from the published data.
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PMID:The advantages of the LMA over the tracheal tube or facemask: a meta-analysis. 859 Apr 90

Laryngopharyngeal reflux is a new term given to gastroesophageal reflux leading to atypical symptoms in the upper aerodigestive tract. The manifestations of laryngopharyngeal reflux are varied and include chronic hoarseness, globus pharyngeus, sore throat, chronic cough, asthma, paroxysmal laryngospasm, and other less common symptoms. Making the diagnosis requires accurate history taking and can be confirmed by fiberoptic examination of the pharynx and larynx, as well as by ambulatory esophageal and pharyngeal pH monitoring. Stepwise treatment regimens are very effective in treating this condition, which exacerbates or imitates many seemingly unrelated disorders.
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PMID:Laryngopharyngeal reflux: a modern day "great masquerader". 932 11

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common esophageal disease. Besides the typical presentation of heartburn and acid regurgitation, either alone or in combination, GERD can cause atypical symptoms. An estimated 20 to 60 percent of patients with GERD have head and neck symptoms without any appreciable heartburn. While the most common head and neck symptom is a globus sensation (a lump in the throat), the head and neck manifestations can be diverse and may be misleading in the initial work-up. Thus, a high index of suspicion is required. Laryngoscopy can confirm the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Erythema of the posterior larynx may be seen, and the true vocal cords may be edematous. Treatment should be initiated with a histamine H2 receptor blocker or proton pump inhibitor. Lifestyle changes are also beneficial. Untreated, GERD can lead to chronic laryngitis, dysphonia, chronic sore throat, chronic cough, constant throat clearing, granuloma of the true vocal cords and other problems.
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PMID:Head and neck manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease. 1075 Aug 74

A case of ulcerative colitis complicated by oesophageal ulcers is reported. A woman was admitted to our hospital because of exacerbations of ulcerative colitis both in 1992 (aged 15 years) and 1995 (aged 18 years). When she was admitted in 1995 she complained of bloody diarrhoea, sore throat and pain on swallowing. Oesophagogastro-duodenoscopy revealed oesophageal ulcers. Oesophageal pH monitoring (24-h) showed no evidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. After the patient was treated she with oral prednisolone showed considerable improvement clinically and endoscopically. Initial dosage was 60 mg/day, and 1 week later, the dosage was gradually dropped since the patient responded favourably. The improvement of the oesophageal lesions coincided with the remission of ulcerative colitis. The oesophageal ulcers are, therefore, thought to be an extracolonic manifestation of ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:Case of ulcerative colitis associated with oesophageal ulcer. 1101 27

Gastroesophageal reflux disease can result in such supraesophageal complications as hoarseness, sore throat, cough, bronchitis, asthma, recurrent pneumonia, intermittent choking, chest pain, and ear pain. Appropriate patient care involves careful evaluation to decide on medical or surgical therapy. Preoperative testing must include endoscopy, 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring, and esophageal manometry. Additional evaluations, such as barium swallow, chest x-ray, bronchoscopy, and sinus radiographs, may be required. Medical treatment improves gastroesophageal reflux and supraesophageal symptoms. However, surgical therapy seems to provide better long-term results. A profile that predicts the best response to medical therapy has not been identified, although the best results with surgery are achieved in patients with nocturnal asthma, onset of reflux before pulmonary symptoms, laryngeal inflammation, and a good response to medical treatment.
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PMID:Laparoscopic antireflux surgery for supraesophageal complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease. 1174 51

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a factor often neglected in the etiopathogenesis of asthma. The estimated incidence of GER in asthmatic children reaches 50-60% and is higher than in the general population. GER may accompany typical symptoms: hoarseness, sore throat, thoracic pain, cough or wheezing. GER may not only aggravate the course of bronchial obstruction, but may also cause it, or trigger obstruction due to other factors. Asthma and GER coincidence has been acknowledged for many years. The paper presents a current review of studies concerning the relations between asthma and GER and attempts to establish, which is the cause and which is the result. The hypotheses how GER can lead to bronchial obstruction, and how obstruction can aggravate GER, are also presented. GER is believed to be a factor causing obstruction by: 1. an indirect mechanism - reflex theory, 2. a direct mechanism - reflux theory, and 3. a neuropeptide-mediated mechanism. The paper also presents diagnostic methods allowing to detect GER in asthmatics. A review of recent studies concerning the treatment of GER in asthmatics, both with pharmacological and surgical methods, is also included. Beneficial effect of antireflux therapy on the course of asthma has been emphasized. Therefore, antireflux therapy is recommended in all patients with concurrent asthma and GER, irrespective of severity of clinical GER symptoms, even in those with silent GER. The essential drugs used in the treatment of GER are proton pump inhibitors. Appropriately high dose level and appropriately long duration of the therapy should be taken into consideration.
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PMID:Asthma and gastroesophageal reflux in children. 1188 43


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