Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242429 (sore throat)
 2,760 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a 16-month period patients who presented to the Syracuse University Health Center with upper respiratory complaints had throat swabs obtained for viral, streptococcal and Mycoplasma pneumoniae cultures. Thirty-five of 613 patients (5.7%) had herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolated. All but 2 of the HSV isolates were found to be type 1 by immunofluorescent staining. Two HSV-positive patients also grew Group A Streptococcus, one grew M. pneumoniae and three had serum heterophile antibody tests that were positive. On physical examination 25 of the 35 HSV-positive patients had pharyngeal erythema and 14 had pharyngeal exudate. Twelve of these patients had vesicular lesions of the lips, throat or gums associated with their other symptoms. For 29 of the 35 HSV-positive students the primary diagnosis assigned was pharyngitis, for 2 the diagnosis was stomatitis and the remainder were assigned a primary diagnosis of upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, bronchitis or dental infection. Thirty-two of the 35 HSV-positive patients were treated with oral antibiotics and 7 were treated with oral or topical acyclovir. During the same 16-month period 89 (6.9%) of 1297 students presenting with sore throat were culture-positive for influenza A or B, 30 (2.3%) of 1283 were culture-positive for M. pneumoniae and 169 (2.8%) of the 6016 cultured for Group A Streptococcus were positive. Serum was tested for heterophile antibody in 2438 students, and 257 (10.5%) were positive. Herpes simplex virus is associated with pharyngeal symptoms in college students, and herpes simplex pharyngitis cannot easily be distinguished clinically from other causes of acute pharyngitis in this age group.
 ...
PMID:Pharyngitis associated with herpes simplex virus in college students. 838 78

This is the second in a series of practice guidelines commissioned by the Infectious Diseases Society of America through its Practice Guidelines Committee. The purpose of these guidelines is to provide assistance to clinicians when making decisions on treating the conditions specified in each guideline. The targeted providers are pediatricians, family practitioners, and internists. The targeted patients and setting for the acute pharyngitis guideline are pediatric, adolescent, and adult outpatients with a complaint of sore throat. Funding was provided by the IDSA. Panel members represented experts in adult and pediatric infectious diseases. The guidelines are evidence-based. A standard ranking system was used for the strength of the recommendations and the quality of the evidence cited in the literature reviewed. The document has been subjected to external review by peer reviewers as well as by the Practice Guidelines Committee and was approved by the IDSA Council. An executive summary, algorithms, and tables highlight the major recommendations. Indicators of quality will assist in guideline implementation. The guideline will be listed on the IDSA home page at http://www.idsociety.org.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: a practice guideline. Infectious Diseases Society of America. 956 13

Agranulocytosis is a rare complication of antithyroid drugs, and the aetiologies of community-acquired, life-threatening infections in patients taking these drugs have not previously been systematically described. Of 5653 hyperthyroid patients treated with antithyroid drugs at National Taiwan University Hospital between January 1987 and December 1997, 13 (0.23%) developed agranulocytosis with life-threatening infections. The most common presentations were fever (92%) and sore throat (85%). Initial clinical diagnoses were acute pharyngitis (46%), acute tonsillitis (38%), pneumonia (15%) and urinary tract infection (8%). Positive blood cultures from six patients yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3), Escherichia coli (1), Staphylococcus aureus (1), Capnocytophaga species (1). Two patients died of uncontrolled infection, thyroid storm and multiple organ failure. Cases of antithyroid-drug-induced agranulocytosis in the English language literature are reviewed; Gram-negative bacilli, including Klebsiella pneumoniae (4 patients) and P. aeruginosa (3), were the most common pathogens in clinical isolates. Our observation and review suggest that broad-spectrum antibiotics with anti-pseudomonal activity should be given to patients with antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis who present with severe infection.
 ...
PMID:Antithyroid-drug-induced agranulocytosis complicated by life-threatening infections. 1062 62

Lemierre's syndrome, also known as postanginal sepsis, is a rare condition that presents as an increasing sore throat due to acute pharyngitis or tonsillitis and progresses to sepsis, due to suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. We present an atypical case of Lemierre's syndrome complicated by carotid thrombosis. The etiological factors and the diagnostic and therapeutic measures are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Lemierre's syndrome complicated by carotid thrombosis. 1191 80

Identifying children with acute pharyngitis caused by group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) is an important task for pediatricians. This study examined the value of certain clinical symptoms and signs in predicting a positive culture result. A total of 442 children who presented at the outpatient department with pharyngeal erythema were enrolled. The clinical features of patients with positive throat cultures for GABHS were compared to those with negative culture results. Throat cultures were positive for GABHS in 120 (27%) patients. Patients aged between 5 and 10 years had a higher prevalence of GABHS pharyngitis. Significant differences between the groups with and without GABHS pharyngitis were noted for the presence of sore throat (p < 0.001), tonsillar swelling (p < 0.001), anterior cervical adenopathy (p = 0.004), and scarlatiniform rash (p < 0.001), but not for the presence of fever, cough, rhinorrhea, abdominal pain, headache, tonsillar exudate, or palatal petechiae. Despite these strong associations, none of these symptoms or signs had both high sensitivity and specificity, and the positive predictive values of these individual findings were never greater than 50%. The results indicate that diagnosis based on clinical grounds alone is unreliable although there are certain individual symptoms and signs that are associated with GABHS pharyngitis. These symptoms and signs may be helpful in modifying estimates of probability of infection with GABHS. Throat cultures in suspected patients remain mandatory.
 ...
PMID:Predictive value of clinical features in differentiating group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in children. 1274 28

Most sore throat is due to viral upper respiratory tract infections, whereas the frequency of antibiotic use in adult patients is about 73%. We evaluate the clinical guidelines (approved by the CDC) about appropriate antibiotic use for acute pharyngitis in young adults. We observe a low prevalence (3,2%) of group A beta haemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) in a population of university students. Minimizing unnecessary antimicrobial therapy in this setting is highly desirable. Use of clinical criteria (Centor algorithm) does indeed identify patients whose risk for GABHS infection is so low that microbiological testing or antibiotic treatment is unnecessary.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical criteria to diagnosing of streptococcal pharyngitis in young adult patients]. 1514 65

Acute pharyngitis, or the complaint of a sore throat, is one of the most common illnesses for which both adult and pediatric patients seek medical care from primary care physicians. In the USA, acute pharyngitis accounts for 1-2% of all visits to outpatient departments, physician offices and emergency departments. There are multiple etiologic agents that can cause pharyngitis, and strategies for diagnosis and treatment should be directed at identifying those causes of pharyngitis that require antimicrobial therapy. In some cases, the decision as to which patients to treat with antibiotics remains difficult. This article reviews some of the various causes of pharyngitis and the available therapeutic options.
 ...
PMID:The appropriate management of pharyngitis in children and adults. 1620 66

An acute pharyngitis is characterised by mild to severe sore throat mostly accompanied by inflammation, throat pain, pain on swallowing, and burning. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study was conducted for comparison of the efficacy and safety of a newly developed lidocaine (2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) acetamide, CAS 137-58-6) 8 mg lozenge formulation (Trachisan Halsschmerztabletten) for the treatment of acute sore throat not necessarily to be treated with antibiotics. 240 patients of both genders were enrolled. The study was performed in a single centre setting and consisted of two parts. A 2-h stationary phase (single dose treatment) was directly followed by a 46-h ambulatory phase, where patients were allowed to take up to a maximum of 11 further lozenges (multiple dose treatment). Pain intensity was assessed via Visual Analogue Scale during the course of the study. Moreover, the global efficacy and tolerability of the treatments were assessed. Lidocaine 8 mg sore throat lozenges were found to be superior to placebo for all efficacy parameters investigated. For the primary efficacy parameter, area under the curve of pain intensity from baseline over 2 h (AUC(0-2h)), i.e. after single-dose treatment, a significant treatment difference with a p-value of p < 0.001 in favour of the verum treatment could be demonstrated. Significant superiority could also be demonstrated for the descriptive AUC(0-48h) values, reflecting the treatment effect during the ambulatory multiple dose phase. Pain relief, minimum pain intensity, meaningful pain relief and the time of onset of meaningful pain relief as well as the assessments of global efficacy underlined the superiority of the treatment with lidocaine 8 mg sore throat lozenges. Global tolerability of the verum treatment was rated as "good" or "very good" in the majority of cases, the number of study drug related adverse events was low and evenly distributed to both treatment groups. Therefore, the results of the trial emphasise lidocaine 8 mg sore throat lozenges to be a favourable option in the treatment of pain symptoms of an acute sore throat.
 ...
PMID:Lidocaine 8 mg sore throat lozenges in the treatment of acute pharyngitis. A new therapeutic option investigated in comparison to placebo treatment. 1819 90

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is characterized by fever, rash, and joint pain and may lead to chronic arthritis. The cause of AOSD is unknown, and it is rare. In children, Still's Disease is called systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. We encountered a patient with adult-onset Still's disease following a severe sore throat and fever. The patient was a 17-year-old woman who consulted our hospital because of a sore throat and fever. She was admitted and treated with antibiotics, but the fever persisted. Laboratory parameters of inflammatory activity increased at an accelerated rate, and after ruling out sepsis, EBV-associated disease, and malignant lymphoma, a diagnosis of AOSD was made. Steroid therapy was very effective. When acute pharyngitis is observed in association with significant changes in laboratory parameters despite mild local symptoms, or when pharyngitis is observed in association with joint pain, continuous fever, and a rash, it is important to consider AOSI).
 ...
PMID:[Adult-onset Still's disease following severe sore throat and fever. Case report]. 1826 Mar 1

A sore throat (also known as pharyngitis or tonsillitis) is most commonly caused by a contagious viral infection (such as the flu, cold, or mononucleosis), although more serious throat infections can be caused by a bacterial infection (such as strep, mycoplasma, or Haemophilus). Bacterial sore throats respond well to antibiotics, whereas viral ones do not. However, strep throat remains a leading cause for physician visits, and researchers have long struggled to determine how best to treat it. The current practice guidelines offer different management options for adult patients presenting with a sore throat. Thus, when a physician treats a patient with acute pharyngitis, the clinical decision that usually needs to be made is whether the pharyngitis is attributable to group A streptococci. The key concern is the degree to which the clinical possibility of a group A streptococcal infection should affect clinician's decisions. To determine the best treatment of pharyngitis, we conducted a multicriteria decision analysis using fuzzy reasoning for remote health service delivery between a healthcare provider and patients. The approach can be adopted for interactive phone use or online system application. Five alternative treatment options were considered, particularly: (a) no test no Rx, (b) rapid strep, (c) culture, (d) rapid strep and culture, and (e) empiric Rx. Fuzzy reasoning is used to examine the signs/symptoms and their ratings. The study includes seven criteria factors that can be rated according to each alternative clinical treatment using linguistic statements. The model shows that no test no Rx is the best option for the cases of low prevalence of group A streptococcal infection. Two strategies--culture and treat if positive and rapid strep with culture of negative results--are equally preferable for patients with moderate prevalence likelihood. Rapid strep and culture of negative results is the best management strategy for patients with high population prevalence of group A streptococcal infection. In conclusion, the best clinical management of patients with sore throat depends on both the clinical probability of group A streptococcal infection and clinical judgments that incorporate the importance ratings of the individual patients as well as practice circumstances.
 ...
PMID:A remote fuzzy multicriteria diagnosis of sore throat. 1881 94


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>