Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The doxorubicin-selected lung cancer cell line H69AR is resistant to many chemotherapeutic agents. However, like most tumor samples from individuals with this disease, it does not overexpress P-glycoprotein, a transmembrane transport protein that is dependent on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is associated with multidrug resistance. Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones corresponding to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) overexpressed in H69AR cells were isolated. One cDNA hybridized to an mRNA of 7.8 to 8.2 kilobases that was 100- to 200-fold more expressed in H69AR cells relative to drug-sensitive parental H69 cells. Overexpression was associated with amplification of the cognate gene located on chromosome 16 at band p13.1. Reversion to drug sensitivity was associated with loss of gene amplification and a marked decrease in mRNA expression. The mRNA encodes a member of the ATP-binding cassette transmembrane transporter superfamily.
Science 1992 Dec 04
PMID:Overexpression of a transporter gene in a multidrug-resistant human lung cancer cell line. 809 49

In pneumonia in the elderly, one occasionally encounters difficulties in evaluation with respect to both clinical observation and treatment. Thus a simple serum indicator is indicated. We measured secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations in sera to see whether this can provide a useful indicator for pneumonia, especially in the elderly. Serum samples from patients over 65 yr of age, with (n = 54) or without (n = 87) pneumonia, and from healthy, young (n = 16) and aged (n = 188) control subjects were assayed using ELISA for human SLPI. Comparisons were made between groups with clinical diagnoses of either definite or probable pneumonia and among cases with various other respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. The mean SLPI concentration in patients with pneumonia was significantly higher than in patients without pneumonia or in healthy controls. The data suggest that the measurement of SLPI can provide a useful indicator for pneumonia to be used in clinical evaluation.
Am Rev Respir Dis 1992 Dec
PMID:Serum secretory leukoprotease inhibitor levels to diagnose pneumonia in the elderly. 136 Jul 78

Taxol, an agent with a unique mechanism of action, has been shown to be highly active in patients with refractory ovarian cancer and may well have significant activity in other malignancies such as breast and lung cancer. The camptothecin analogs, another unique class of agents, have demonstrated antitumor activity in phase I and II trials. Finally, the anthrapyrazoles are intercalating agents with clinical activity in breast cancer and a toxicity profile that may permit increased dose intensity using colony-stimulating factor support. While this review focuses on these three drug classes, a number of other agents with apparently unique mechanisms of antitumor activity and unusual dose-limiting toxicities are in earlier development. These include antimetabolites; inhibitors of DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis; differentiating agents; agents that inhibit tumor growth by binding to growth factors; and agents whose mechanism of action is best classified as unknown.
Oncology (Williston Park) 1992 Dec
PMID:New anticancer agents: taxol, camptothecin analogs, and anthrapyrazoles. 136 58

Sessions about lung cancer of the 28th annual meeting of ASCO approached especially non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Undoubtedly the outstanding facts for this pathology was first the acknowledgment of the importance of a correct staging system, in particular in stage IIIA for which resection is a prognostic factor different for tumors T3N0, T3N1 as for N2. Two important topics have been discussed on therapy: stage IIIA treatment, in particular neoadjuvant therapy before surgery, and new drugs like Navelbine, taxol, and campthotecine which suggest the possibility of improvements for chemotherapy of NSCLC in the next few years. For small cell lung cancer (SCLC), different trials were designed to improve dose intensity with growth factors, fractionation of therapy, autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Pathol Biol (Paris) 1992 Dec
PMID:[Advances in lung cancer]. 136 92

Cytochrome P450IIE1 is responsible for the activation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines, benzene, urethane, and other low-molecular-weight compounds. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PstI and RsaI restriction enzymes) have been identified in the cytochrome P450IIE1 transcription regulatory region that may affect expression. This study describes the PstI and RsaI polymorphisms in different racial populations and in a case-control study of lung cancer. The allelic frequencies were markedly different in Japanese, African-Americans, and Caucasians: the PstI rare allele was present at a frequency of 2% in Caucasians, 5% in African-Americans, and 24% in Japanese (P < 0.05). For the RsaI rare allele, frequencies were 2% in Caucasians, 2% in African-Americans, and 27% in Japanese (P < 0.05). The assay was also applied to 128 individuals enrolled in a case-control study of lung cancer. Although limited in statistical power, the data indicate no evidence for an association in the aggregate of cytochrome P450IIE1 PstI [for which the odds ratio was 0.7 (95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 0.2-2.8)] or RsaI [for which the odds ratio was 0.9 (95% C.I. = 0.2-5.4)] restriction fragment length polymorphisms with lung cancer in this U.S. population. When analyzed by race, the lung cancer odds ratio for the PstI mutant allele in African-Americans was 0.19 (95% C.I. = 0.03-1.38), and in Caucasians it was 4.13 (95% C.I. = 0.34-48.8). For the RsaI mutant allele, the odds ratios were 0.20 (95% C.I. = 0.02-2.43) and 4.28 (95% C.I. = 0.35-50.6), respectively. The ethnic differences of these restriction fragment length polymorphisms might be related to genetic susceptibilities for lung cancer among Caucasians and for gastric or esophageal cancer among Japanese.
Cancer Res 1992 Dec 01
PMID:Cytochrome P450IIE1 genetic polymorphisms, racial variation, and lung cancer risk. 142 19

Lung cancer infrequently metastasizes to the bowel. When this occurs, the symptoms may vary from mild to emergent in nature. Three patients are presented illustrating the life threatening complications that may occur due to bowel metastases of lung carcinoma. A review of the literature reveals that only four of 24 reported patients have survived bowel perforation due to metastatic lung carcinoma. One of the three patients presented herein survived to be discharged home. Patients with known lung carcinoma who develop abdominal complaints should be investigated aggressively to prevent life-threatening complications by early intervention.
J Surg Oncol 1992 Dec
PMID:Bowel perforation due to metastatic lung cancer. 143 63

Lung cancer infrequently may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This retrospective case-control study was undertaken to determine if there were differences in age, sex, and stage distribution and in survival between HIV-positive and HIV-indeterminate lung cancer patients. We compared 19 patients with both pathologically verified lung cancer and HIV infection proved by serologic study with lung cancer patients with an indeterminate HIV status. All 19 HIV-positive lung cancer patients were men. This was significantly (p = 0.004) different from the 69 percent male preponderance in 1,335 HIV-indeterminate lung cancer patients. Median ages of HIV-positive and HIV-indeterminate patients were 48 and 61 years, respectively. HIV-positive patients were significantly (p = 0.0139) younger. Stage distribution was similar in both groups. Histologic features and smoking were not significantly different between the two groups. Survival data that were available in 16 HIV-positive patients were compared with 32 HIV-indeterminate control subjects matched for stage, age, sex, and race. The median survival was three months in the HIV-positive group and ten months in the HIV-indeterminate cohort. The survival was significantly different (p = 0.002). There were no one-year survivors in HIV-positive lung cancer patients.
Chest 1992 Dec
PMID:Lung cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection compared with historic control subjects. 133 37

Lung cancer is a preventable disease. Like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, lung cancer is reaching epidemic proportions in women. This article overviews selected epidemiology of lung cancer and discusses public health issues that are gender-specific to women. Community nursing approaches are advocated that address risk behaviors in women and girls.
Nurs Clin North Am 1992 Dec
PMID:Lung cancer in women. Rising epidemic, preventable disease. 144 61

Between 1970 and 1989, mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy were performed on 619 patients admitted to our clinic with lung cancer. When mediastinoscopy was analyzed by lymph node location, the highest sensitivity (95.7%) was for the left paratracheal nodes and the lowest (64.0%) was for nodes at the bifurcation (p < 0.01). The 5-year survivals according to the results of mediastinoscopy were 47% for negative results, 14% for false-negative results, and 6% for positive results. The 5-year survival rate however, was significantly higher (28%) in patients (n = 13) with positive mediastinoscopic findings who underwent complete resection of the primary tumor and all involved nodes than in patients (n = 78) who underwent incomplete resection (p < 0.01). These data support our opinion that patients with positive mediastinoscopic results should not always be excluded from treatment by thoracotomy. The role of mediastinoscopy is not to select patients for thoracotomy but to evaluate lung cancer at the pretreatment stage.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992 Dec
PMID:The role of mediastinoscopic biopsy in preoperative assessment of lung cancer. 828 2

To investigate the role of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells, in the physiologic response to surgical stress, we measured plasma endothelin-1 concentrations by a sandwich-enzyme immunoassay in patients with lung cancer undergoing pulmonary operations (n = 12). In the first group (n = 6), we measured plasma endothelin-1 concentrations at multiple sampling sites (median cubital vein, pulmonary artery, and left atrium). Plasma endothelin-1 levels were significantly increased at all sampling sites at the end of the operation. Although there was no difference between the increased plasma levels of endothelin-1 in the pulmonary artery and in the left atrium, the increased level in the median cubital vein (peripheral venous blood) was significantly higher than that in the pulmonary artery (mixed venous blood). This result suggests that the production of endothelin-1 might differ between various organs under surgical stress. In the second group (n = 6), we measured plasma endothelin-1 concentrations both in the median cubital vein and in the ipsilateral radial artery, and also measured cardiac output and forearm blood flow. The increase in endothelin-1 levels in the median cubital vein was significantly higher than that in the radial artery after the operation. The endothelin-1 output from the forearm, calculated by the forearm blood flow and the arteriovenous difference of endothelin-1 concentrations, significantly increased after the operation. Although the cardiac output significantly increased after the operation, the forearm blood flow significantly decreased. The present findings provide a novel hypothesis that the preferential release of endothelin-1 from the peripheral vasculature of the forearm may partly contribute to a compensatory response to surgical stress, for example, the reduction of local blood flow in nonvital organs so as to increase the blood flow in vital organs.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992 Dec
PMID:Endothelin-1 mediates regional blood flow during and after pulmonary operations. 145 35


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