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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between incidence of lung cancer and the volume of traffic as indicated by auto exhaust concentration was examined; the results, though suggestive, did not yield consistent evidence of the association between them. Traffic jams in Nagoya began 15 years ago, a period that may not be long enough to provide definitive data on the incidence of lung cancer. The high standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of lung cancer was observed in cities with a population of less than 1 million and guns (rural areas) along the coast, although those in the metropolitan areas with populations of more than 1 million were average. The SMR did not correlate with various socioeconomic conditions and industrial air pollution. Meteorologic or geologic conditions and ocean currents were not associated with SMR of lung cancer by city and gun. The population of a gun or of some cities was not large enough to be statistically significant, and the mortality rate of lung cancer was not always stable.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1977 Dec
PMID:Lung cancer and air pollution. 7 77

A prospective study of 125 chemical workers was carried out for ten years to investigate the incidence of lung cancer. Some of the men were exposed to chloromethyl methyl ether containing bis(chloromethyl) ether as an impurity. Bronchogenic carcinoma was markedly increased among them, with a strong dose-response relationship. An unexpected inverse relationship was noted between smoking and the incidence of lung cancer. The neoplasms (all small-cell carcinomas) occurred in relatively young men. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis were reported more often among men exposed to chloromethyl ether, and a dose-response relationship was apparent, with smoking a cofactor. Ventilatory function was not significantly affected by chemical exposure. Periodic screening over the first five years of the study showed a decrease in chronic coughing and an increase in dyspnea while chemical exposure was diminishing.
JAMA 1975 Dec 15
PMID:The respiratory effects of chloromethyl methyl ether. 17 60

Cellular immune responses of patients with histologically confirmed lung carcinoma were assessed in vivo using cutaneous response and in vitro with a microlymphocyte blastogenic transformation (LBT) assay. In addition, correlation of the cutaneous response with the migration inhibitory factor (MIF) assay and LBT response was examined. The results indicated that cutaneous responses seen in patients with cancer of the lung were consistently lower than similar responses in normal controls (p less than 0.001). Similarily, the percentage of positive cutaneous responses seen with patients included in this study was lower than the frequencies reported by others. Stimulation of cells from lung cancer patients by PHA-M was also depressed when compared to similar lymphocytic responses in normal volunteers (p less than 0.001). The correlation between cutaneous response to tuberculin and the in vitro assays was high. The few instances of disparity demonstrate the need to utilize more than one assay in evaluating cellular immune functions. These data would support the work of others that indicate a depression of cellular immunity in advanced malignancy.
Cancer 1975 Dec
PMID:Cellular immunity in neoplasia. Antigen and mitogen responses in patients with bronchiogenic carcinoma. 17 58

Complications noted following lymphography have been published by several authors. The authors report here a series of 5 cases occurring in patients with mediastinal and lung cancer. They report the various clinical manifestations resembling fat embolism, the free interval and general signs, pulmonary, neurological, hematological and dermatological symptoms associated with inconstant laboratory abnormalities which permit one to suggest a complex pathogenesis: --Immuno-allergic (early shock due to circulating antibodies). --Mechanical and vascular: incomplete removal of low viscosity lipiodol by the pulmonary macrophage system permits liberation of micro-vascular emboli. --By abnormality of blood coagulation and the onset of a syndrome of widespread intravascular coagulation. Better recognition of the pathogenesis associated with the development of new therapeutic principles, should permit better prevention and control of these complications.
Sem Hop 1975 Dec 23
PMID:[Complications of lymphography. A propos of 5 cases]. 17 20

One hundred and seven patients with carcinoma of the lung underwent immunologic testing, and 62 of these patients were randomized to an immunotherapy protocol comparing the effects of Pasteur strain BCG, either alone or combined with allogeneic tumor cells, to the effects of no immunotherapy. Patients with residual disease left at the time of surgery or with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis showed no increase in survival as a result of this form of immunotherapy. An insufficient number of patients with less advanced disease, in whom we would expect the most beneficial effect, have been entered in this study. In general, we were unable to document substantial effects of immunotherapy on the immunologic parameters tested. Only in recall antigen skin testing was there a statistically significant increase in reactivity in the immunotherapy groups. Tests of general immune status appeared to have a predictive value in monitoring lung cancer patients. Anergic patients had a poorer prognosis than did patients who demonstrated skin test reactivity. Patients with normal percentages of lymphocytes (T cells) forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes at 29 degrees C were generally normal in other tests of immune competence. In serial studies of rosette formation, all patients who developed recurrent disease had a pattern of depressed or falling rosette values, and these abnormalities occurred an average of 3.1 months prior to clinical detection of recurrence. Patients with large-cell anaplastic carcinoma were found to have a significantly higher incidence of depressed rosette levels than the other histologic types. Both large and small-cell anaplastic patients had significantly depressed lymphocyte proliferation by mitogens and allogeneic cells. Although lung cancer patients have been described as immunologically depressed, they are capable of recognizing tumor-associated antigens. When tested in leukocyte migration inhibition assays with tumor-associated antigens, the majority of the patients in our study were found to be reactive. The use of a 3 M KCl extract of pleural effusion cells from a patient with pulmonary adenocarcinoma has given good reactivity and specificity in lung cancer patients of all histologic types. In addition, these patients have been shown to respond in a mixed lymphocyte/tumor interaction to tumor-associated antigens (Dean, 1976b).
Int J Cancer 1976 Dec 15
PMID:Immunological monitoring and immunotherapy in carcinoma of the lung. 18 17

A controlled clinical trial comparing two-drug and three-drug combination chemotherapy was performed in 206 patients with advanced bronchogenic carcinoma, comprised of 26.2% with epidermoid carcinoma, 30.1% with small cell anaplastic carcinoma, 27.2% with adenocarcinoma, and 15.6% with large cell carcinoma. Each drug combination consisted of agents with different modes of action and included a cell-cycle-stage nonsensitive and a cell-cycle-state-sensitive agent. The overall response rate was highest for small cell carcinoma (48.2%) and adenocarcinoma (23.6%); it was less than 10% in epidermoid and large cell carcinoma. Similarly, the overall median survival was twice as long for the first two cell types (7 months) as compared with that recorded for the other two cell types (3 1/2 months). The combination of 1 (2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate was shown to be statistically superior to cyclophosphamide and methotrexate with regard to objective respones rate, duration of response, and median survival for adenocarcinoma. Responders lived significantly longer than nonresponders (254 versus 90 days for small cell anaplastic carcinoma patients and 244 versus 184 days for adenocarcinoma patients). No difference in survival or objective response rate was observed between the different treatments for the other two cell types of lung cancer.
Cancer 1976 Dec
PMID:Combination chemotherapy of advanced lung cancer: a randomized trial. 18 12

Twenty-eight patients with lung cancer, 26 with extensive disease, were treated with the drugs Cytoxan (Cyt) and methotrexate (MTX). The schedule was based on cellular kinetics concepts. Initial therapy was with Cyt 1.1 g/m2 (intravenously) followed by MTX 20 mg/m2 orally, twice weekly, started 9 days later, when the tumor was considered to be most susceptible to an S-phase-specific drug. The course was repeated at three-week intervals. Based on dose response curves, Cyt and MTX dose modifications were individually adjusted to the whit blood cell counts and platelet counts over a 3-week period. Twenty of 28 patients (five of seven large cell, five of eight adenocarcinoma, 10 or 11 small cell, none of two epidermoid) responded with greater than or equal 50% tumor reduction. Ten patients had complete responses, seven of whom had small cell carcinoma. Two of the nonresponders were nonevaluable. Five patients were alive and the extimated median survival time of the patients is almost 1 year, which compares quite favorably to previous reports. On this schedule of therapy, very high doses of Cyt and MTX were maintained with less than 3% incidence per course of a WBC less than 1,500/mm3 or a platelet count less than 50,000/mm3.
Cancer 1976 Dec
PMID:Combination chemotherapy in advanced lung cancer with increased survival. 18 14

The local immune response to lung cancer was investigated by histologic and immunologic means. Distinctive patterns of stromal cellular reaction, characteristic for different histologic types of lung carcinoma, were recognized. The amount of cellular infiltration was highest in squamous cell carcinomas and lowest or nonexistent in oat cell carcinomas. Within the various histologic categories the well-differentiated tumors appeared to be accompanied by more reactive cells than the poorly differentiated ones; there was no relation between tumor necrosis and cellular infiltration. The plasma cells were distinctly associated with squamous cell carcinomas; their number in the stroma was proportionate to the degree of differentiation and the presence of keratin produced by the tumors. Eluates with a high content of immunoglobulins were recovered from pleural effusions and from solid lung carcinomas by dissociation of antigen-antibody complexes. These preparations reacted positively in indirect immunofluorescence tests with tissue cultures and with fresh suspensions of lung carcinoma cells, but not with tissue culture cells of most nonpulmonary tumors or with cell suspensions of normal adult and fetal lung. Similarly prepared fractions of noncarcinomatous pleural effusions did not react with lung cancer cells.
Cancer 1976 Dec
PMID:The immune response at the tumor site in lung carcinoma. 18 16

An unusually high association of other primary cancers (9.7%) was found during the analysis of 403 consecutive cases of carcinoma of the lung diagnosed at DGMC between 1960 and 1975. Incidence by stage included 17.3% for Stage I (75 cases) and 16.9% for Stage II (59 cases). Median survival by stage was not adversely affected by the associated malignancy. Incidence by histologic type was 15.6% for adenocarcinoma (132 cases), 7.7% for epidermoid (130 cases), 1.5% for oat (small cell) (67 cases), 12.5% for large cell (40 cases) and 11.8% for undifferentiated anaplastic type (34 cases). Of 31 cases of Stage I adenocarcinoma, 9 (29%) had second malignancies. Both adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma exhibited decreasing association of second malignances with increasing stage of lung cancer. The head and neck region was the location of the nonlung malignancy in 22 cases and the GU system in 11 cases. Two cases each of colon carcinoma and basal cell skin carcinoma were found and there was one case each of carcinoma of the pancreas, lymphoma and melanoma. The diagnosis of lung cancer was made first in only 3 instances. The appearance of solitary nodules in patients with known malignancy should receive strong consideration for vigorous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Future studies should consider carcinogenic stimuli that may be common etiologic factors in both malignancies.
Cancer 1978 Dec
PMID:Lung cancer as a second primary. 21

The literature relating to tobacco smoking has been reviewed and is discussed under a number of headings. The smoking habits of Australians and people of other countries, the constituents of tobacco smoke and the different types of tobacco are discussed. The effects of tobacco smoke on lung defences and and function are outlined and the evidence relating cigarette smoking to lung cancer in Australia, the UK and the USA is reviewed. The relationship between cigarette smoking and diseases which chronic air flow obstruction is outlined. Differences in smoking-related diseases in males and females and the effects of stopping smoking are included in the discussion.
Aust N Z J Med 1977 Dec
PMID:The effects of smoking on the lungs. 27 43


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