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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Whether or not serum selenium and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) concentrations were changed was examined among healthy families of lung cancer patients. Family members as a whole (115 sons and daughters of 55 patients with primary lung cancer) were found to have a trend to lower serum selenium levels (0.116 +/- SD 0.024 microgram/ml, 0.05 less than P less than 0.1). Particularly among families of adenocarcinoma patients, the mean level was significantly lower (0.111 +/- 0.019 microgram/ml, P less than 0.05) than that (0.122 +/- 0.014 microgram/ml) in age-ratio matched controls who did not have cancer patients among their second-degree relatives. Serum vitamin E levels (11.85 +/- 2.85 micrograms/ml) were significantly lower among family members of adenocarcinoma patients than the controls (14.1 +/- 3.1 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.01). Serum selenium and vitamin E levels were significantly lower in lung cancer patients (n = 37, mean age, 63.9 +/- 11.2 yr) than in the controls (P less than 0.001). These data suggest that there are familial factors in serum selenium and vitamin E levels among families of lung cancer patients.
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PMID:Serum selenium and vitamin E concentrations in families of lung cancer patients. 303 99

Concentrations of 23 elements in lung, liver and kidney from deceased smelter workers are compared with those from rural and urban controls. The analyses were made by neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Significantly higher levels of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lanthanum, lead and selenium were found in the smelter workers lungs (n = 85) compared with the rural controls (n = 15). Significantly higher concentrations of antimony, arsenic and lead were observed among all smelter workers compared with urban controls (n = 10). The highest increase, about 11-fold, was found for antimony in smelter workers compared with non-exposed controls. A six-fold increase was noted for arsenic. Workers who died from lung cancer (n = 7) had the lowest lung selenium content relative to concentrations of other metals, both compared with other disease categories among the workers (GI-cancer, other cancers, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, other causes) and with the two control groups. The low lung selenium concentrations may have influenced the development of lung cancer. The highest lung tissue levels of cadmium were found in the lung cancer group. Smokers and ex-smokers were over-represented in this group and tobacco is a known cadmium source. The highest, or one of the highest, lung values for some of the other metals (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lanthanum and lead) were observed in one or several of the lung cancer cases. Metal concentrations in liver (metabolism) and kidney (excretion) reflect the systemic distribution. The highest cadmium levels in the liver and the lowest selenium content in the kidney were found among the lung cancer cases. A multifactorial genesis for the development of lung cancer is concluded from this study, which visualizes the need for systematic health surveillance and follow-ups both in active and retired workers.
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PMID:Multielemental assay of tissues of deceased smelter workers and controls. 322 99

18 factors, including possible lung cancer-causing factors and body selenium (Se) levels, were analyzed by computer-based multiple stepwise regression and main component analysis. 1. The results indicated that Se levels in blood, hair and lung had correlation with lung cancer to some extent. 2. The correlation of blood and lung Se was the most significant one, the significance of which was only second to age and smoking habits. The standardized regression and factor load coefficients showed a negative correlation with blood Se level and a positive one with lung Se level, which corresponded with the results obtained by the single factor analysis.
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PMID:[Correlation between selenium levels in the human body and lung cancer. II. Multi-statistical analysis of the correlation between selenium levels in the blood, hair, lung and lung cancer]. 341 7

We reviewed the human epidemiologic studies of the possible protective effect against lung cancer of various dietary constituents, including preformed vitamin A, carotene, vitamin E, selenium, and vitamin C. Beta carotene has strong potential as a protective agent, though constituents of green and yellow vegetables other than carotene may account for the reduced cancer incidence observed in many studies. Selenium also deserves attention as a potential chemopreventive nutrient, though data are limited. Data on vitamin E are sparse and inconclusive, and there is little evidence that vitamin C provides protection against human lung cancer. It is likely that cessation of cigarette smoking would have a far greater influence on reducing lung cancer incidence than any known dietary modification.
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PMID:Diet and lung cancer. A review of the epidemiologic evidence in humans. 354 20

Selenium is considered an essential trace element in most animal and plant species, although still reported in many texts as a highly toxic material. Epidemiological investigations have reported an inverse relationship between selenium and lung cancer. Explanations of reported observations have resulted in numerous mechanistic theories. Only recently have selenium metabolites involved in excretion been considered potential agents for antilung cancer activity. Anticancer properties have been shown in occupationally exposed copper smelter workers, dietary investigations and experimental studies. Supplementation with selenium of public water supplies, as is currently done with fluoride, is a potential method for increasing the blood concentration. This may permit development of a population prevention strategy against lung cancer and other diseases.
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PMID:Antilung cancer activities of selenium. 365 23

Increased mortality due to various malignancies is reported from long-term exposed, non-ferrous smelter workers. In the present study the post-mortem distribution of cadmium, lead and zinc in lung, liver and kidney is reported and related to exposure and mortality. The study involved 86 male copper smelter workers who died after April 1975. Lung samples were taken from all workers and liver and kidney samples were taken from about one-quarter of the workers. Two control groups were used. The exposed workers were divided into six groups based upon diagnoses in medical records and autopsy protocols. Lead and zinc were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and cadmium by neutron activation analysis. For the skewly distributed tissue levels, non-parametric statistical processing was used. Of the workers, 53% died from cardiovascular diseases and 30% from malignancies (8% from lung cancer). Cardiovascular diseases predominated in the two control groups: about 75 and 100%, respectively. Lung and liver cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in the lung cancer group of smelter workers than in the other groups of smelter workers (p less than 0.05) and rural controls (p less than 0.01). Cadmium in kidney, and lead in lung and liver were significantly higher (p less than 0.03) in the lung cancer group than in rural controls, but did not differ from that of the other workers. Zinc in lung, liver and kidney did not differ between exposed workers and controls. Rather strong Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were found between the cadmium content of lung, liver and kidney tissue, especially in non-smoking smelter workers and rural controls. Smoking was more common in the lung cancer group than in the total group of smelter workers. Cadmium levels in the lungs of exposed workers were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in smokers than in both ex-smokers and non-smokers. Earlier studies of the same workers gave significantly lower selenium levels in lung tissue compared with other groups of smelter workers and controls. As other carcinogenic substances are present in the working environment, e.g. arsenic, chromium and benzo [alpha]-pyrene, the specific effect of cadmium in the development of lung cancer cannot be evaluated at present.
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PMID:Distribution of cadmium, lead and zinc in lung, liver and kidney in long-term exposed smelter workers. 370 26

We studied the relation of serum vitamin A (retinol), beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium to the risk of lung cancer, using serum that had been collected during a large blood-collection study performed in Washington County, Maryland, in 1974. Levels of the nutrients in serum samples from 99 persons who were subsequently found to have lung cancer (in 1975 to 1983) were compared with levels in 196 controls who were matched for age, sex, race, month of blood donation, and smoking history. A strong inverse association between serum beta-carotene and the risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung was observed (relative odds, 4.30; 95 percent confidence limits, 1.38 and 13.41). Mean (+/- SD) levels of vitamin E were lower among the cases than the controls (10.5 +/- 3.2 vs. 11.9 +/- 4.90 mg per liter), when all histologic types of cancer were considered together. In addition, a linear trend in risk was found (P = 0.04), so that persons with serum levels of vitamin E in the lowest quintile had a 2.5 times higher risk of lung cancer than persons with levels in the highest quintile. These data support an association between low levels of serum vitamin E and the risk of any type of lung cancer and between low levels of serum beta-carotene and the risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:Serum beta-carotene, vitamins A and E, selenium, and the risk of lung cancer. 377 37

In summary lower selenium concentrations were found in the lung cancer group compared to other smelter workers and controls. The two lowest selenium values in the total material were found in two of the lung cancer workers. This is in agreement with earlier reports of lower blood selenium levels in cancer patients (Willett et al 1983, Salonen et al 1984). An increased cancer incidence has also been found in geographical areas with low selenium contents in forage crops (Shamberger et al 1976). Numerous animal experiments have demonstrated an anticarcinogenic effect of selenium. Our conclusion is that selenium might have a protective effect in occupational exposure against at least certain carcinogens causing lung cancer. Looking at the dominant worksites the workers have obviously been exposed to different concentrations of selenium over the years. As selenium has not been particularly under observation, few dust analyses are available, and so the dust load in exposed workers cannot be directly calculated. The excretion rates show individual differences. In three of the seven lung cancer cases we noted that, despite a considerable and continuous exposure to selenium in the course of their work, they had low selenium concentrations in their lung tissue at the time of death. Two other workers in the lung cancer group had also been working at worksites with considerable exposure to selenium. Raised cadmium levels were noted in the lung cancer group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Selenium and other trace elements in lung tissue in smelter workers relationship to the occurrence of lung cancer. 377 74

The possibility that dietary intake of certain vitamins and minerals may influence the occurrence of human cancer is receiving considerable scientific attention. One prominent hypothesis, that increased dietary intake of vitamin A reduces the occurrence of cancer, has received support from a large number of epidemiologic studies in which an inverse association was observed. The largest body of evidence relates to lung cancer. However, when examined in further detail, this apparent protective effect appears primarily attributable to higher intakes of green and yellow vegetables, which contain the carotenoid precursors of vitamin A. In contrast, there is little evidence to support an association between preformed vitamin A intake and cancer risk. In several studies based on prospectively collected sera, retinol levels were inversely related to subsequent cancer risk. However, these have not been supported by further investigations and appear to be the result of methodologic artifact. Available evidence thus suggests that factors associated with green and yellow vegetables provides modest protection against certain forms of cancer; beta-carotene is a likely candidate and is the focus of considerable research activity. Stimulated by the results of many animal studies and ecologic comparisons, we and other investigators have examined the association of serum selenium levels with subsequent risk of cancer. In the three published prospective studies an inverse association was observed, with a 2-to 5-fold increase in overall cancer risk among those with lowest selenium levels. As would be predicted by animal studies, the combination of low selenium and low vitamin E appears to be particularly deleterious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Vitamin A and selenium intake in relation to human cancer risk. 391 96

The independent and joint associations of serum selenium and vitamin A (retinol) and E (alpha tocopherol) concentrations with the risk of death from cancer were studied in 51 case-control pairs--that is, 51 patients with cancer, each paired with a control matched for age, sex, and smoking. Case-control pairs came from a random sample of some 12000 people aged 30-64 years resident in two provinces of eastern Finland who were followed up for four years. Patients who died of cancer during the follow up period had a 12% lower mean serum selenium concentration (p = 0.015) than the controls. The difference persisted when deaths from cancer in the first follow up year were excluded. The adjusted risk of fatal cancer was 5.8-fold (95% confidence interval 1.2-29.0) among subjects in the lowest tertile of selenium concentrations compared with those with higher values. Subjects with both low selenium and low alpha tocopherol concentrations in serum had an 11.4-fold adjusted risk. Among smoking men with cancer serum retinol concentrations were 26% lower than in smoking controls (p = 0.002). These data suggest that dietary selenium deficiency is associated with an increased risk of fatal cancer, that low vitamin E intake may enhance this effect, and that decreased vitamin or provitamin A intake contributes to the risk of lung cancer among smoking men with a low selenium intake.
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PMID:Risk of cancer in relation to serum concentrations of selenium and vitamins A and E: matched case-control analysis of prospective data. 391 11


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