Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We attempted to determine if expired gas analysis during exercise testing has equal value to the unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion test (UPAO). Sixty-four lung cancer patients were evaluated. We performed UPAO and measured mean pulmonary artery pressure (PPA) and cardiac output (C.O.) 15 min later, and calculated total pulmonary vascular resistance (TPVR). Expired gas analysis during exercise testing was performed, and the maximum oxygen consumption per unit body surface area (VO2max/m2) and the anaerobic threshold (AT/m2) were calculated. The patients were divided into two groups according to the PPA as follows: Group PPA(L) and Group PPA(H), and the TPVR as follows: Group TPVR(L) and Group TPVR(H). Comparative studies of the mean values of VO2max/m2 and AT/m2 were performed between the two groups. VO2max/m2 was significantly higher in Group PPA(L) than in Group PPA(H). VO2max/m2 was significantly higher in Group TPVR(L) than in Group TPVR(H). TPVR and VO2max/m2 showed no significant correlation, but a weak negative quadratic correlation with the equation y = 2276-246.6 logx was found. This result led a minimal acceptable levels for lung resection of Vo2max/m2 of 650 ml/min/m2 corresponding to the TPVR levels of 700 dyne.sec.cm5/m2.
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PMID:Pulmonary capacity in lung cancer patients prior to lung resection--comparison of the unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion test with expired gas analysis during exercise testing. 902 96

We report herein the case of the 71-year-old man with lung cancer and pulmonary emphysema requiring supplementary oxygen at 21/min by nasal cannula for whom thoracoscopic wedge resection of an adenocarcinoma in his left lower lobe was successfully performed. During the same procedure, thoracoscopic laser ablation of pulmonary bullae was also carried out. There were no postoperative complications, and the patient is currently well 12 months following surgery without any evidence of local or regional recurrence, or distant metastasis. His severe dyspnea on exertion improved, and he no longer requires supplementary oxygen.
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PMID:Combined thoracoscopic lung resection and laser ablation for lung cancer with pulmonary emphysema: report of a case. 903 4

8-hydroxyguanine (oh8Gua) is a major form of oxygen free radical-induced DNA damage. The oh8Gua nucleotide can pair with cytosine (C) and adenine (A) nucleotides which can cause G:C to T:A transversions. It is known that multiple repair systems for the correction of the oh8Gua exist in both mammalian and bacterial cells. Using the technique of gel mobility shift assay, protein(s) bound to the oh8Gua:C base pair in short fragments of DNA was detected in cell-free extracts of a human small-cell lung cancer cell line. This DNA binding activity was specific, since it was poorly detected with an unmodified G:C base pair containing oligonucleotide duplex and was affected by neither the unmodified G:C base pair nor an oh8Gua:A base pair containing oligonucleotide duplex. The partially purified protein which selectively binds to the oh8Gua:C base pair was shown by gel filtration column chromatography to have an apparent molecular mass of 52 kDa. The column fraction which showed the highest binding activity to the oh8Gua:C base pair was found to possess an enzymatic activity that specifically cleaves the oh8Gua containing oligonucleotide strand at both the 5' and 3' sides of the oh8Gua residue. These results indicate the presence of a protein(s) that is involved in a DNA repair pathway for the correction of the oh8Gua residue in human cells.
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PMID:Presence of human cellular protein(s) that specifically binds and cleaves 8-hydroxyguanine containing DNA. 904 19

Between 1984 and September 1995, we prescribed home oxygen therapy for 155 patients (96 men and 59 women), mean age 68.6 years) with chronic respiratory failure. Here we describe the underlying diseases, laboratory findings (arterial blood gas analysis and pulmonary-function tests), and outcomes. We also report differences between those who were of least 70 years old (n = 82) and those less than 70 years old (n = 73). The underlying diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 55 patients, lung cancer in 33, old pulmonary tuberculosis in 29, and pulmonary fibrosis in 27. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, especially pulmonary emphysema, was the most frequently encountered underlying disease in the older patients, whereas pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer were most common in the younger patients. The duration of observation ranged from less than 1 month to 10 years. At the time of this study 82 patients had died, 31 were still being treated as outpatients at our hospital, 32 had transferred to other hospitals, and the status of 10 patients was unknown. The older and younger patients did not differ with regard to arterial blood gases, pulmonary function at the time home oxygen therapy began, or outcome: We believe that home oxygen therapy was very beneficial in these patients with chronic respiratory failure, because their quality of life improved after the start of this therapy.
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PMID:[Home oxygen therapy in the elderly]. 907 4

Reactive oxygen intermediate (roi) generation was investigated in phagocytes of 39 patients undergoing pulmonary resection for lung cancer and 39 paired healthy controls. Generation of roi in monocytes and neutrophils was monitored using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Activation associated with hydrophobic interactions was probed by analysis of phagocyte roi activation by arachidonic acid and gamma-linolenic acid. Patient roi was measured pre-operatively and 2 and 7 days post-operatively. Elevated (P < 0.01) roi production was detected in neutrophils of lung cancer patients. Surgery was associated with an increase (P < 0.05-P < 0.01) in phagocyte roi at 2 and 7 days post-op. Phagocyte roi was stimulated by arachidonic acid and gamma-linolenic acid (1-40 microM) both pre- and post-operatively. Differences in arachidonic acid and gamma-linolenic acid stimulation between patient and control and pre- and post-op patient phagocytes suggest arachidonic acid involvement in phagocyte activation during reactive responses to lung carcinoma and surgery.
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PMID:Arachidonic acid activation of monocyte and neutrophil reactive oxygen in lung cancer patients undergoing pulmonary resection. 908 46

The mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of amifostine are reviewed. Amifostine is a prodrug converted by alkaline phosphatase to the active sulfhydryl compound WR-1065. WR-1065 protects normal cells by scavenging free radicals, donating hydrogen ions to free radicals, depleting oxygen, and binding to active derivatives of antineoplastic agents. The immediate conversion of amifostine to WR-1065, its small volume of distribution, and the limited amount of drug and metabolite recovered in the urine suggest that amifostine is rapidly dephosphorylated and enters cells as its active metabolite. The selectivity of amifostine for normal tissue is hypothesized to be a results of the decreased vascularity of tumors, decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase in tumor cells, and pH dependence of WR-1065 uptake. In clinical studies, amifostine decreased the frequency of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, and myelosuppression. Amifostine has demonstrated an ability to decrease the hematologic toxicity of cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, mitomycin, and antineoplastic drug combinations. Amifostine has FDA-approved labeling for use in reducing cumulative renal toxicity in patients receiving repeat doses of cisplatin for advanced ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. The recommended dose in adults is 910 mg/m2 administered as a 15-minute infusion 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy. The major adverse effects of amifostine include hypotension and emesis. The benefits of amifostine must be weighted against its potential adverse effects, and the drug's impact on the efficacy of antineoplastics should be further investigated. Amifostine has shown promise in protecting non-malignant cells from the toxic effects of antineoplastics, apparently without compromising toxicity against cancer cells.
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PMID:Amifostine for protection from antineoplastic drug toxicity. 977 47

This paper reviews the survival outcome from the randomized Phase III trials in solid tumours published on behalf of, or in collaboration with, the Cancer Therapy Committee (CTC) of the British Medical Research Council over a 30-year period to 31 December 1995. We review briefly the innovations in statistical methodology that have occurred over the period. We also note the ways in which standards of reporting the trials have improved, with more recent publications including, for example, estimates of the size of effect and confidence intervals. In all, 32 trials, involving over 5000 deaths in more than 8000 patients, have been published. Tumour types have included bladder, bone, brain, cervix, colon and rectum, head and neck, kidney, lung, ovary, prostate and skin. This paper presents a bibliography of these trials and gives details of the treatment comparisons made, the numbers of patients randomized and included in the analysis for each treatment arm, the observed numbers of deaths, and an estimate of the hazard ratio with associated 95% confidence intervals. The bibliography also indicates the main endpoint of each trial, whether recurrence-free survival or survival, and whether the trial was aimed at finding a difference or showing equivalence. The MRC trials have made an impact on both clinical practice and research activities. For example, the lung cancer programme has helped to establish the role of chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer and has developed better palliative treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. Trials of the radiosensitizer misonidazole have demonstrated that it has no role in the treatment of a number of cancers, trials of hyperbaric oxygen have defined the biological activity of this approach, and the appropriate dose of radiotherapy in patients with brain tumours has been found. The individual trials recruited between 44 and 824 patients (median 213). A better measure of the information in a trial is the number of deaths reported, which varied from 28 to 661 (median 145). A large proportion of the comparisons (8/29 or 28%) anticipating a survival difference, demonstrated such a difference at the 5% level of significance. Despite this, it is concluded that some of the trials should have been larger. In such cases, hindsight suggests either that an overoptimistic view of the anticipated survival benefit was taken at the design stage, or, for equivalence trials, the planned confidence interval was too wide for definitive statements to be made. As a consequence, the current CTC profolio of ongoing randomized trials open to patient accrual at 1 January 1996 have a projected median size of 600 and range from 120 to 2000 patients.
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PMID:Thirty years of Medical Research Council randomized trials in solid tumours. 913 95

Although the factors associated with mortality, such as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2) and pulmonary arterial pressure, have been well described, there is limited information on the circumstances of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to investigate the causes and circumstances of death in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure (Pa,O2 < 8.0 kPa (60 mmHg) breathing air), treated with long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). Ten European centres participated in the study and data were collected from patients both during a period of clinical stability and at the time of death. Of the 215 patients evaluated (161 males and 54 females; aged 66 +/- 10 yrs), the major causes of death were: acute on chronic respiratory failure (38%); heart failure (13%); pulmonary infection (11%); pulmonary embolism (10%); cardiac arrhythmia (8%); and lung cancer (7%). Seventy five percent of patients died in hospital. There was no difference in the number of patients who died in the morning, afternoon and night hours. Twenty percent of the total died during sleep and in 26% death was unexpected. A lower arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa,CO2), less oxygen usage per 24 h, and increased incidence of arrhythmias were seen in those patients who died suddenly. Drug therapy was not related to unexpected death. The majority of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on long-term oxygen therapy died from chronic or acute on chronic respiratory failure. Prevention and treatment of respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is likely to have the greatest impact in reducing mortality.
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PMID:Causes of death in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure. 915 11

Iron oxides are present in many occupational atmospheres mainly in iron ore mines and in steel industry. Among these workers, epidemiological studies indicated an excess of lung cancer deaths. In mines, it was difficult to involve iron oxides exposure because there are other possible causes as radon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) present in diesel exhausts, silicosis or siderosis. The contradictory results of these studies are due to the differences of exposure levels or to the presence or not of these cofactors or of a sufficient prevention. But generally the results agree with an interaction of iron oxide dusts and smoking habits. It is unclear if this interaction supports an additive or multiplicative risk of lung cancer. Experimental studies with Fe2O3 showed that these particles are able to induce lung cancers only in the presence of PAH when administered to animals. In vitro studies permitted to observe an interaction in the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) leading to a higher level of precursors of the ultimate carcinogen. As this metabolism of BaP is known to be enhanced during lipoperoxidation, it is possible to involve this mechanism with Fe2O3. After phagocytosis and dissolution with production of ferric ions, Fe2O3 can enhance the production of reactive oxygen species responsible of damaging both lipidic constituents and DNA. Fe3O4 and mainly FeO may be more toxic, introducing directly ferrous ions in the cells after dissolution, but the cancerogenicity of the these compounds is unknown, making necessary to develop research.
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PMID:Interactive effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and iron oxides particles. Epidemiological and fundamental aspects. 916 58

The effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage on the functioning of the respiratory system was studied in 72 patients (42 males and 30 females). The bronchoscopy was performed in the sitting position. Supplemental oxygen was not given to all the evaluated patients. The group included 24 patients with lung cancer, 9 with sarcoidosis, 12 with tuberculosis, 1 with farmer's lung and 10 with other lung diseases (pneumonia, COPD). A control group consisted of 16 patients who were undergoing routine diagnostic endoscopy but who were seen to be without lung disease. Group BF (39 individuals) received only a bronchoscopic examination, group BF+BAL (33 persons) received a bronchoscopy followed by BAL using 140 ml. of normal saline solution as a lavage fluid. After the bronchoscopic examination there were significant differences in all spirometric measurements, except MEF25. The bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage caused a transient fall in FEV1, VC, MEF50, MEF75 (7.7-9.4%) which was similar in both groups. These measurements returned to normal after 24 hours. The testing of pulmonary functioning before the bronchoscopy was seen to be clinically important for safety of the patient undergoing this procedure.
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PMID:[The effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on results of spirometric measurements]. 919 Feb 46


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