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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bronchial occlusion during exercise was used to predict the functional effects of subsequent pulmonary resection in six high risk patients with lung cancer and severe airflow obstruction. Each patient underwent transnasal fibreoptic bronchoscopy whilst cycling in steady state at a load which had been selected as equivalent to walking at a brisk pace for that patient. The effects on minute ventilation and oxygen uptake were observed during occlusion of the bronchus to the diseased lobe. If the patient was able to continue cycling and maintain the same work load during occlusion this was regarded as indicating that he would withstand resection of the occluded lung tissue. In five of the patients, postoperative studies were performed. All were able to maintain the same level of steady state exercise postoperatively as that maintained during bronchial occlusion preoperatively. Resection resulted in a decrease in static lung volumes. Other routine whole lung function tests, walking capacity and incremental exercise indices, however, were largely unchanged.
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PMID:Lobar occlusion in the preoperative assessment of patients with lung cancer. 394 21

A unified indicator was worked out to have an opportunity before pulmonary operation to predict external respiration function in patients in the postoperative period. The value of partial oxygen pressure in the arterialized blood was proposed as such an indicator. The model made it possible to associate external respiration function with sizes of the involved area and the area of future operation. The main allowance of the model was an assumption of the contribution of any segment to the general process of blood oxygenation. Altogether 11 lung cancer patients were examined. Functional examination of the lungs with 133Xe was performed before a supposed operation. The authors showed a close quantitative and qualitative interrelationship between predicted indicators of partial oxygen pressure in the arterialized blood and corresponding values determined by the methods of blood oxygen measurement in the postoperative period.
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PMID:[Prognosis of the postoperative external respiratory function based on radionuclide research data]. 403 89

Chemotherapy regimens containing pepleomycin, a derivative of bleomycin, were used for 81 patients with advanced primary lung cancer and 32 patients with metastatic pulmonary tumors. Among the patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, partial responses were observed in three of 27 patients treated with pepleomycin + carbazilquinone and four of 26 patients treated with pepleomycin + mitomycin C (published in Cancer Treatment Reports, 1983). Five partial responses (primary organ: larynx, esophagus, lung, pancreas and uterus; one patient each) in 23 evaluable patients with metastatic pulmonary tumors were observed during treatment, for an overall response rate of 21.7%. In patients with primary lung cancer, no correlation between the incidence of the decrease in partial arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) during treatment and age was observed. Decrease in PaO2 during treatment was found more frequently in patients with abnormal pulmonary function before treatment than in patients with normal pulmonary function, but the mean lowest values of PaO2 in the two groups were the same. Intravenous weekly injection of pepleomycin is less likely to result in a decrease in PaO2 than two daily intramuscular injections. Definite pulmonary toxicity occurred in seven of the 113 patients (6.2%). Each of the seven received a total dose of over 60 mg and their ages were over 60 yr, although no correlation between the incidence of pulmonary fibrosis and total cumulative dose of pepleomycin was observed. Six of the seven patients died of pulmonary fibrosis in spite of prednisone treatment. Clinical, radiologic and histopathologic findings associated with pepleomycin were the same as those of bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. Further studies are needed to determine the appropriate dose schedule and route of administration of pepleomycin with regard to its benefit and toxicity.
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PMID:Pulmonary toxicity induced by pepleomycin 3-[(S)-1'-phenylethylamino] propylamino-bleomycin. 619 96

28 patients with lung cancer had pulmonary function studies before and 3 months to 3 years after pneumonectomy or bilobectomy. Preoperative profiles showed a slight obstructive pattern with air trapping and perturbated gas exchange. The obstructive pattern was not related to endoscopy findings, but the alveoloarterial gradient oxygen gradient was smaller in those with complete lobar occlusion. After surgery, the volume loss was related to the amount resected, being greater after right pneumonectomy than after left pneumonectomy and least after bilobectomy. The obstructive pattern remained unchanged. Diffusion of carbon monoxide decreased significantly less than volumes after pneumonectomy but proportionally after bilobectomy. Those with increased alveoloarterial oxygen gradient or increased physiologic dead space experienced a significant improvement of their gas exchange after surgery.
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PMID:Functional effects of pneumonectomy and bilobectomy for lung cancer. 649 9

Glutathione (GSH)-depletion by buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) altered both the aerobic and anaerobic radiation response of A549 human lung cancer cells grown in vitro. The oxygen enhancement ratio (o.e.r) was increased slightly from 3.0-3.3. The lack of an effect of GSH-depletion on o.e.r. reduction, provides a system whereby the mechanism of action of the thiol reactive reagent diethylmaleate (DEM) can be investigated. Pretreatment of cells with DEM, under non-toxic concentrations, removed 13 per cent of the intracellular NPSH and resulted in an o.e.r. of 2. When BSO followed by DEM was used, so that both GSH and NPSH were reduced to zero, an o.e.r. of 1.5 was obtained. Cells treated with 1 mM BSO for 24 hours contained 10 per cent NPSH and no GSH. When these cells were exposed to 0.5 or 1 mM DEM briefly, during irradiation, the o.e.r. was 2.4 and 1.7 respectively. In some cases altered o.e.r.s occurred in combination with increased aerobic responses. This was especially true for aerobic irradiations of BSO-treated cells in the presence or absence of DEM. However, the increased aerobic response was offset by a more dramatic increase in the hypoxic response. These results indicate (a) that GSH plays a significant role in aerobic radiation response but is not a principal factor in o.e.r.-reduction, and (b) that reduction of the o.e.r. by DEM is not due primarily to GSH-removal. The preferential radiosensitization of hypoxic cells by DEM may involve reactions of this compound with NPSH or protein SH, or may be related to the ability of DEM to mimic oxygen as a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer.
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PMID:Nonprotein thiols and the radiation response of A549 human lung carcinoma cells. 660 51

Radioimmunoassays of urinary 5 alpha-7 alpha-dihydroxyketotetranorprosta-1,16-dioic acid and its delta-lactone(main urinary metabolite of PGF, PGF-MUM) were performed for the patients with several pulmonary diseases. The quantities of PGE and PGF in plasma for the patients with pulmonary emphysema especially were also measured by radioimmunoassay. Following results were obtained. 1) Twenty-four hours secretions of PGF-MUM in normal subjects were 18.4 +/- 9.1 microgram/day (24.5 +/- 9.2 microgram/day in male, 12.2 +/- 2.6 microgram/day in female) on an average. The values of PGF-MUM in male were significantly higher than those in female (P less than 0.03). 2) Twenty-four hours secretions of PGF-MUM for the patients with pulmonary emphysema were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those in the normal controls (P less than 0.01), and the values of PGF-MUM were correlated significantly (r=0.451, P less than 0.05) with arterial oxygen partial pressure. 3) Twenty-four hours secretions of PGF-MUM in the patients with asthma bronchiale, chronic bronchitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer were not significantly different from those in the normal controls. But, higher values of PGF-MUM were contained in the pulmonary fibrosis group, and the values of PGF-MUM were correlated with the serum LDH levels (r= 0.652, P less than 0.01). 4) The plasma PGF quantities were 0.7 +/- 0.5 ng/ml and the plasma PGE quantities were 1.7 +/- 0.6 ng/ml in normal subjects on an average. 5) The plasma PGF and PGE quantities in the patients with pulmonary emphysema were not significantly different from those in the normal controls. 6) A significant inverse correlation was observed between the decrease changes of pulmonary arterial pressures and the changes of plasma PGE quantities after oxygen inhalation for the patients with pulmonary emphysema (r= -0.737, P 0.01).
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PMID:[The quantities of main urinary metabolite of PGF, plasma PGF and plasma PGE in pulmonary diseases]. 712 48

Hard metal alloys (or cemented carbides) are made of a mixture of tungsten carbide particles (WC, more than 80%) cemented in cobalt metal powder (Co, 5-10%). The inhalation of hard metal particles may cause an interstitial pulmonary disease, the mechanism of which involves an interaction between Co and WC particles. Some epidemiological data also suggest that hard metal dust can induce lung cancer in workers. In a macrophage culture model, butylated hydroxytoluene (1 mM) protected from the cytotoxicity of hard metal particles, suggesting a possible involvement of lipid peroxidation in the toxicity of these powders. In a biochemical system, a mixture of Co and WC particles, but not Co or WC alone, stimulated the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances from arachidonic acid. Using a spin trapping system applied to aqueous particulate suspensions and electrochemical techniques, we present experimental evidence that the association of Co and carbide particles represents a specific toxic entity producing large amounts of activated oxygen species. The mechanism of this interaction proceeds through the oxidation of cobalt metal catalyzed at the surface of carbide particles and resulting in the reduction of dissolved oxygen. This physicochemical property of hard metal particles provides a new basis for interpreting their inflammatory action and their possible carcinogenic effect on the lung.
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PMID:Physicochemical mechanism of the interaction between cobalt metal and carbide particles to generate toxic activated oxygen species. 754 41

The potential role of antioxidant vitamins (ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol), minerals (selenium) and non-vitamin natural antioxidants (e.g. glutathione) in the prevention of cancer diseases is reviewed. Free oxygen radicals, especially the hydroxyl radical .OH modify nitrogen bases, split DNA, stimulate oncogene activators and probably in many other ways participate in carcinogenesis. In a great number of experimental and epidemiological studies a significant increase of cancer risk in laboratory animals and in humans with low antioxidant status was found. Significant protective effects of ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and selenium against the incidence of gastrointestinal and lung cancer were achieved in most, but not in all prospective and intervention studies. It is probable that extremely high premature cancer mortality in postcommunist countries of Central and East Europe is caused by high consumption of cigarettes, spirits and saturated fats, by pollution, and by very low consumption of the chief sources of natural antioxidants (fruits, vegetables). (Fig. 13, Ref. 29).
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PMID:[The role of antioxidants in the prevention of tumors]. 755 84

In order to predict postoperative pulmonary function, 99mTc-MAA perfusion lung SPECT and spirometry were performed preoperatively in 52 patients with resectable primary lung cancer; 44 underwent lobectomy, eight pneumonectomy. Local pulmonary function (called local effective volume) was evaluated according to the degree of radionuclide distribution of each voxel in the SPECT images. The total effective volume was defined as the sum of the local effective volume, and the residual effective volume was the total effective volume excluding loss after operation. Predicted pulmonary function (VC and FEV1.0) was calculated by the following formula: Predicted value = preoperative value x percent of the residual effective volume. Postoperative pulmonary function was predicted in the same patients by means of 99mTc-MAA perfusion lung planar scintigraphy and X-ray CT. The patients were reinvestigated with spirometry at one and four months after surgery, and the values were compared with the predicted values. The correlations between the predicted values using SPECT and measured postoperative pulmonary function were highly significant (VC: r = 0.867, FEV1.0: r = 0.864 one month after operation; VC: r = 0.860, FEV1.0: r = 0.907 4 months after operation). The predicted values calculated using SPECT were accurate compared with the predicted values calculated using planar scintigraphy or X-ray CT. The patients with predicted FEV1.0 of less than 0.8 liter required home oxygen therapy. This method is valuable for the prediction of postoperative pulmonary function before the surgical procedure.
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PMID:[Prediction of postoperative pulmonary function using 99mTc-MAA perfusion lung SPECT]. 761 68

A total of 117 patients with pulmonary interstitial diseases (PID) were examined. The functional activity of alveolar macrophages was assayed in the lavage fluid and in lung tissue biopsy specimens from the generation of active oxygen forms, the secretion of tumor necrosis factor, fibronectin, expression of c-fos- and c-sis-oncoprotein. The stereotypic value for various PID was the development of alveolitis running in 2 stages: 1) early one, including exudative inflammation and 2) late one, involving sclerotic changes up to the formation of the honeycomb lung. This results in the block of the blood-air barrier and progression of respiratory failure and hypoxia in patients. The morphogenesis of fibrosing alveolitis is formed of alveolar septal damages caused by etiological agents of various nature, which is frequently unclear, by active forms of oxygen, lipid peroxidation products, proteases, tumor necrosis factor, which are produced by activated alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The alveolar macrophage that secretes growth factors, c-fos- and c-sis-oncoproteins plays the key role in the progression of sclerotic changes. Lung cancer may develop at the end of fibrosing alveolitis at the stage of the honeycomb lung.
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PMID:[Intercellular interactions in morphogenesis of initial lesions and sclerosis in interstitial lung diseases]. 762 80


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