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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of novel 3-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide derivatives 3a-l, were synthesized by the reaction of 3-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl chloride with substituted amine in excellent yields. The compounds 3e-h could suppress A549 lung cancer cell growth. More interestingly, compounds 3e and 3f might inhibit the A549 cell growth by inducing apoptosis; whereas compounds 3g and 3h with fluorine group might inhibit the A549 cell growth by inducing autophagy.
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PMID:Synthesis of novel pyrazole carboxamide derivatives and discovery of modulators for apoptosis or autophagy in A549 lung cancer cells. 1968 42

Molecular imaging (MI) may be defined as imaging in vivo using molecules that report on biologic function. This review will focus on the clinical use of radioactive tracers (nonpharmacologic amounts of compounds labeled with a radioactive substance) that permit external imaging using single photon emission computed tomography (planar, SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Imaging of lung cancer has been revolutionized with the use of fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), an analog of glucose that can be imaged using PET. The ability to carry out whole body imaging after intravenous injection of 18F-FDG allows accurate staging of disease, helping to determine regional and distant nodal and other parenchymal involvement. Glycolysis is increased in nonmalignant conditions, including inflammation (e.g., sarcoidosis), and 18F-FDG PET is a sensitive method for evaluation of active inflammatory disease. Inflammatory disease has been imaged, even before the advent of PET, with planar and SPECT imaging using gallium-67, a radiometal that binds to transferrin. Metabolic alteration in pulmonary pathology is currently being studied, largely in lung cancer, primarily with PET, with a variety of other radiotracers. Prominent among these is thymidine; fluorine-18-labeled thymidine PET is being increasingly used to evaluate proliferation rate in lung and other cancers. This overview will focus on the clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET in the staging and therapy evaluation of lung cancer as well as in imaging of nonmalignant pulmonary conditions. PET and SPECT imaging with other radiotracers of interest will also be reviewed. Future directions in PET imaging of pulmonary pathophysiology will also be explored.
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PMID:Molecular imaging of pulmonary cancer and inflammation. 1968 20

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglycose -position emission tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET) as an efficient staging tool for lung carcinoma; allows description and characterization of the primary tumor and of local and distant metastases in a single examination. One of the important limiting factors in quantification of metabolic parameters with PET is the partial volume effect. Our aim for this study was to delineate tumor (size) both in the primary and metastatic lesions in patients with lung cancer by using partial volume correction techniques. Thirty two patients with proven lung cancer who had (18)F-FDG-PET and computerized tomography (CT) within the last 80 days were involved in this study. They were 18 women and 14 men, with age range 43-83 years. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) in primary and metastatic lesions for all patients were measured. The lesions were categorized into 4 different Groups according to their site. Partial volume corrections were applied using the CT sizes of lesions to obtain corrected SUVmax values. Average corrected SUVmax in each lesion site was calculated and compared between the 4 Groups. A total of 81 primary and metastatic lesions were included in this analysis. They were 28 mediastinal-hilar lymph node lesions, 26 lung lesions, 11 solid organ lesions, and 16 bone marrow lesions. The average uncorrected SUVmax for the primary lung lesions, mediastinal-hilar lymph node lesions, solid organ lesions, and the bone marrow lesions before application of partial volume correction formula were 7.2+/-3.2; 7.0+/-2.7; 6.3+/-3.4 and 7.0+/-3.4, respectively. The average corrected SUVmax for the lesions in the above mentioned regions were 11+/-6, 10+/-4, 13+/-7, and 18+/-13, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in the average SUVmax values between lung lesions and nodal lesions compared to the bone marrow lesions. In conclusion, our findings indicate that metabolic activities of lung cancer lesions vary depending on the sites of metastatic disease.
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PMID:Tumor metabolism measured by partial volume corrected standardized uptake value varies considerably in primary and metastatic sites in patients with lung cancer. A new observation. 1993 31

The prognosis of lung cancer patients mostly depends on the stage at which the disease is diagnosed. Contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT) and MRI play a significant role in initial staging, but often the morphological information is insufficient when compared to the metabolic or molecular information obtained by positron emission tomography (PET). [18]F-fluorine deoxyglucose (FDG) is based upon the increased demand of ATP leading to increased consumption of glucose in the tumor tissues. FDG-PET/CT has been proven to be of immense value in the initial diagnosis, evaluation of therapy reponse, detection of recurrent tumor, radiation therapy planning and in the multidisciplinary management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer as well as in patients with small cell lung cancer. The aim of this article is to present a concise summary of the present status of FDG-PET/CT.
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PMID:FDG-PET/CT in lung cancer: an update. 1995 89

Conventional bone scintigraphy is still the standard investigation for the detection of bone metastases, especially in breast and prostate cancer. In unclear scintigraphic uptakes in the appendicular skeleton conventional x-rays are problem solving in most of the cases. In unclear uptakes in the axial skeleton additional performance of SPECT/CT can increase the specificity. Fluoride-PET/CT is superior to conventional bone scintigraphy but is not yet available in clinical routine. Patients with high-risk breast cancer and patients with lung cancer should be staged with FDG-PET/CT primarily. An additional bone scan is than superfluous. The great advantage of FDG-PET/CT is the fact that bone metastases and organ metastases can be detected in the same investigation. There is a clear trend of shifting patients from conventional nuclear medicine to PET/CT.
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PMID:[Nuclear medicine diagnosis of bone metastases]. 2002 82

Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is utilized in more than 90% of cancers in staging, re-staging, assessing therapy response and during the follow-up. However, not all tumors show significant increase of metabolic activity on FDG-PET imaging. This is particularly true for prostate cancer, neuroendocrine tumors and hepatic tumors. In this review we have considered those already used for clinical applications such as 11C- and 18F-Choline, 11C-Methionine and 18F-FET, 18F-DOPA, 68Ga-DOTA-somatostatine analogues, 11C-Acetate and 18F-FLT. Choline presents a high affinity for malignant prostate tissue, even if low grade. Choline can be labeled with either 11C or 18F, the former being the preference due to lower urinary excretion and patients exposure. The latter is more useful for possible distribution to centers lacking in on-site cyclotron. Methionine is needed for protein synthesis and tumor cells require an external supply of methionine. These tracers have primarily been used for imaging of CNS neoplasms. The most appropriate indication is when conventional imaging procedures do not distinguish between edema, fibrosis or necrosis and disease relapse. In addition, the uptake of 11C-Methionine is proportional to the tumor grade and, therefore, the maximum small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) inside the brain mass before therapy is somehow considered a prognostic value. Neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids, pheocromocytoma, neuroblastoma, medullary thyroid cancer, microcytoma, carotid glomus tumors, and melanoma) demonstrate an increased activity of L-DOPA decarboxylase, and hence they show a high uptake of 18FDOPA. For the study of NETs, 68Ga-DOTA-TOC/DOTA-NOC has been introduced as PET tracer. This compound for PET imaging has a high affinity for sst2 and sst5 and has been used in the detection of NETs in preliminary studies; 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET is useful before metabolic radiotherapy in order to evaluate the biodistribution of the therapeutic compound; 18F-FLT is a specific marker of cell proliferation and the most important field of application of FLT is lung cancer. Other tracers are used in PET utilized as markers of hypoxia inside big neoplastic masses include 18F-MISO, 64Cu-ATSM, 18F-EF5, which highlight the presence of hypoxic areas are useful for patients that must be treated with radiotherapy.
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PMID:Non-FDG PET in the practice of oncology. 2044 72

We report the case of a 51-year-old woman with pulmonary adenocarcinoma with enteric differentiation (PAED) that is indistinguishable from metastatic colorectal carcinoma by immunohistochemistry as well as histology. A chest computed tomography scan revealed a 1cm nodule in the right upper lobe and a 3cm mass in the left lower lobe. Initial examination showed no evidence of any other tumor. She underwent partial resection of the right upper lobe and left lower lobectomy. Histopathological examination revealed that both tumors were composed of medium to large complex glands with central necrosis. The tumor cells were cuboidal to tall columnar with eosinophilc cytoplasm, oval nuclei, and brush-border. Immunohistochemical study yielded the following results: tumor cells were diffusely positive for cytokeratin (CK) 20 and CDX-2, and negative for CK7, thyroid transcription factor-1, and Napsin A. MUC2 was partially observed, while MUC5AC was not detected. These findings were strongly indicative of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. However, no primary colorectal cancer was detected in any clinical examination, including fluorine 18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scan and video capsule endoscopy, and she has not presented with any characteristic symptoms at any follow-up to date, approximately 4 years after operation. From all features, the final diagnosis was primary PAED, suggestive of multifocal primary lung cancer. So far, only 1 case of CK7-negative PAED has been reported. This is the second case of primary PAED resembling metastatic colorectal cancer morphologically and immunohistologically.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma with enteric differentiation resembling metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a report of the second case negative for cytokeratin 7. 2072 80

We propose a new method for diagnostic assistance in oncology, [fluorine-18]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D: -glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET). Early and delayed scans were performed on 10 patients with lung cancer by use of an ECAT EXACT 47 PET scanner, and standardized-uptake-value (SUV) images were created. Three segmentation (S1, S2, and S3) maps were created from the early and delayed SUV images according to various thresholds (SUV(threshold) = 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0) based on the early image and the percentage change defined as (SUV(delayed) - SUV(early)) x 100/SUV(early). Voxels that had larger voxel values in their early images than the SUV(threshold) were clustered into three classes: S1 if the percentage change was larger than 10, S2 if the percentage change was between 0 and 10, and S3 if the percentage change was negative. The S1 segments showed malignant lesions clearly; however, the S2 segments showed an SUV that had decreased from the S1 areas due to the partial volume effect or misalignment between the early and delayed scans. The S3 areas showed benignity or physiologic accumulation. The segmented images, S1, S2, and S3, were useful for clinical diagnosis with dual-phase FDG-PET scans and offer an easy way of exploring the longitudinal alteration in the SUV.
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PMID:A statistical clustering approach to visualizing the relationship between early and delayed images in whole-body FDG-PET. 2082 Nov 13

Staging of non-small-cell lung cancer is a multidisciplinary process involving imaging, endoscopic and surgical techniques. Accuracy is vital in order to avoid false-positive interpretations leading to a false stage III or IV diagnosis in early stage patients, or false-negative findings leading to a false early stage diagnosis in patients with mediastinal lymph node disease. CT scan offers great anatomical detail of tumour spread, but radiological imaging lacks information on the biological nature of the lesions. The latter is brought in by 2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan as a metabolic imaging tool, which, however, has clearly lower spatial resolution. Therefore, contemporary staging relies on the combination of both, preferably in a fusion PET-CT scan. Absence of suspected lymph node metastasis on both CT and PET has a high negative predictive value, and these patients may in general proceed to surgery. In most others, tissue confirmation of the locoregional lymph node status is needed. The historical standard of mediastinoscopy is nowadays complemented by endoscopic techniques by the bronchial or esophageal approach. Each of these techniques remains important in modern staging algorithms. A practical scheme for rational staging in clinical practice is discussed.
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PMID:Early stage non-small-cell lung cancer: challenges in staging and adjuvant treatment: evidence-based staging. 2094 13

Small bowel metastasis from primary lung cancer is rare. We report the case of an unexpected small bowel intussusception caused by primary non-small cell lung cancer, which was primarily detected by 18 fluorine ((18)F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT). A 74-year-old man underwent FDG PET-CT for the diagnostic workup of a lung mass in the left upper lobe. On FDG PET-CT images, intense FDG uptake was observed in the primary lung mass lesion and mediastinal paraesophageal area. Furthermore, unexpected intense FDG uptake was observed in the jejunum along with the findings of intussusception in the proximal jejunum on the CT images of the PET-CT, which suggested jejunojejunal intussusception caused by lung cancer metastasis. The patient underwent an immediate operation, and the histopathologic results of the resected bowel indicated metastatic lesion from adenocarcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:Unexpected small bowel intussusception caused by lung cancer metastasis on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT. 2109 61


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