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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Parameters of functional status of the hemostatic system were studied in 76 breast and lung cancer patients in the course of radiotherapy using TTC-10 hypoxic gas mixture (oxygen--10% and nitrogen--90%) as radioprotector. The thrombophilic status of the blood in breast and lung cancer patients established prior to treatment was accounted for by increased functional activity of platelets, increased capillary blood coagulability, formation of dense clot and inhibition of fibrinolysis. In the course of hypoxyradiotherapy, blood thrombogeneity becomes lower due to a decrease in platelet adhesion.
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PMID:[The hemostatic state of patients with breast and lung cancer undergoing hypoxic radiotherapy]. 184 52

1. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide 5 g m-2 given by two regimens. Six patients (one female), median age 55 (range 40-71) years, all with lung cancer received 5 g m-2 ifosfamide (median ifosfamide dose 8.95 g) as an intravenous infusion over 0.5 h with mesna. Four other cancer patients (all male) of median age 52.5 (range 23-72) years were studied on seven treatment occasions with 5 g m-2 ifosfamide (median ifosfamide dose 8.88 g) as a 24 h intravenous infusion with mesna. Plasma was assayed for ifosfamide by gas liquid chromatography and for alkylating activity by the nitrobenzylpyridine method. 2. After ifosfamide 5 g m-2 infused over 0.5 h, the decay of the plasma ifosfamide concentration was monoexponential with a median (range) t1/2,z of 5.4 h (3.6-10.4 h). The median clearance was 60 ml min-1 (47-104) and the median volume of distribution was 388 (329-783) ml kg-1. Plasma nitrobenzylpyridine alkylating activity showed a biexponential decay in four patients and a monoexponential decay in two, with a median AUC of 102 (24-177) nmol nor nitrogen mustard eq h ml-1. 3. When ifosfamide 5 g m-2 was given as a 24 h infusion, the decay of the plasma ifosfamide concentration was monoexponential, the median (range) t1/2,z was 4.5 (3.4-6.1), the median volume of distribution was 563 (292-818) ml kg-1 and the median clearance was 79 (59-116) ml min-1. Plasma nitrobenzylpyridine alkylating activity decayed monoexponentially and the median AUC was 49 (45-131) nmol nor nitrogen mustard eq ml-1 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide given as short and long intravenous infusions in cancer patients. 201 74

In 1949, Cornelius P. Rhoads, director of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, made his famous report on the practical value of nitrogen mustard before the Committee on Growth of the National Research Council, a quasi-governmental agency which had accepted the responsibility for the clinical trial of this drug at the end of the war. Doctor Rhoads assigned to David A. Karnofsky the job of receiving reports from individual physicians and analyzing the results in each type of cancer. The conclusions, based on 2500 case reports, indicated that nitrogen mustard did not cure any form of cancer, but it was temporarily useful in chronic leukemias, Hodgkin's disease, malignant lymphomas, and lung cancer. The most valuable outcome of this report was the beginning of massive and direct attack on cancer in humans. Since that time, in fact, there was enthusiasm and interest in studying cancer; physicians have been educated, interested and motivated to treat the disease; investigators became engaged in the search of new growth-inhibiting compounds and research clinicians in the formulation of new treatment strategies. The result was a progressively growing list of tumors responding to drug treatment with increased complete remission, prolonged disease free and even total survival rates particularly in the early stages of given malignancies; patient care, the most important achievement in cancer medicine, has been drastically improved. Clinical chemotherapy of cancer has a long history of controversies. Though never advocated as panacea, this form of treatment has continuously fluctuated between excessive optimism and detraction. Recently, harsh criticism has pointed to the magnitude of the overall results achieved in terms of decreased national mortality statistics for the various malignancies. An impatient group of clinicians, biostatisticians and epidemiologists began to question whether medical oncology has reached a plateau in its control of cancer or whether the entire treatment strategy for the control of cancer is wrong. Since sweeping generalization cannot be supported for the results of treatment in each tumor subset require separate analysis, let us review the biological principles of cancer treatment, the main strategies utilized, and the results achieved in the major groups of malignancies. The paper will also outline the contributions of chemotherapy to the medical sciences and to the care of the patients with cancer during the last 40 years.
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PMID:Does chemotherapy fulfill its expectations in cancer treatment? 207 81

The authors investigated the reductive effects of a Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor, urinastatin, on the nephrotoxicity seen in lung cancer patients treated with cisplatin by measuring N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and beta 2-microglobulin (BMG) content in 24 hour urine, creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, uric acid, and BMG as factors of nephrotoxicity. In control patients treated with anticancer drugs containing cisplatin but no supplemental urinastatin, the 24 hour urine NAG and BMG levels increased more than three-fold over the pretreatment levels, 3 days after anticancer therapy, respectively. Creatinine clearance significantly decreased and levels of BUN, serum uric acid, and BMG in control patients significantly increased over the corresponding pretreatment levels, 3 days after anticancer therapy. However, supplemental urinastatin reduced abnormalities in levels of all these factors 3 days after therapy. These results suggest that supplemental urinastatin protects from cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, especially proximal tubular damage.
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PMID:Urinastatin (Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor) reducing cisplatin nephrotoxicity. 255 2

The protective effects of fosfomycin and steroids on the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in lung cancer patients were studied by measuring N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in 24-hour urine, creatinine clearance, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen as factors of nephrotoxicity. In control patients treated with anticancer drugs containing cisplatin but no supplemental fosfomycin or steroids, the 24-hour urine NAG level increased two-fold (15.5 +/- 7.5, p less than 0.01) over the pretreatment level (8.0 +/- 5.2) 3 days after anticancer therapy. Supplemental fosfomycin or steroids inhibited an increase in urinary NAG level 3 days after the anticancer therapy. There were, however, no significant changes in creatinine clearance, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels before and after anticancer and/or supplemental therapies. These results suggest the possibility that supplemental treatment with fosfomycin, like that with steroids, reduces cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, especially proximal tubular damage.
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PMID:Supplemental fosfomycin and/or steroids that reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. 282 72

The influence of a variety of clinical and biochemical parameters on the activities in serum of ribonuclease (RNAse) selective for polycytidylic acid (RNAse C) were examined in 90 adult patients with cancer. The clinical data base determined on each patient included: RNAse C level, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, age, sex, race, presence (or absence of metastases, type of cancer, site of metastasis, renal function blood urea nitrogen [BUN], creatinine), hepatic function (bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase), and nutritional status (percent ideal body weight, percent weight loss, and albumin). Common tumor types studied included: colon (21), lung (18), breast (15), and hepatocellular carcinoma (10). For comparison, 175 nonmalignant control patients were studied to establish the normal range for RNAse. In patients with cancer, RNAse levels were increased in 57% and CEA levels were above 10 ng/dl in 36%. Although patients with BUN greater than 25 mg/dl or creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dl were not entered on the study, nonetheless, RNAse was significantly (P less than 0.05) associated with both BUN and creatinine. Nutritional status also had an important influence on RNAse levels as both percent weight loss and percent ideal body weight were significantly (P less than 0.05) associated with circulatory RNAse: weight loss resulted in higher RNAse levels. These results account in part for the increased RNAse levels seen in those malignant conditions such as pancreatic and lung cancer commonly associated with weight loss in advanced stage. The possibility that circulatory RNAse C determination will provide a sensitive means for assessing nutritional status in cancer patients will require prospective evaluation.
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PMID:Influence of nutritional status on circulatory ribonuclease C levels in patients with cancer. 298 Nov 45

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is now increasingly applied not only to hematologic disorders such as leukemias and aplastic anemia but also to some of solid tumors. We experienced ten cases of bone marrow harvest and six cases of autologous or allogeneic BMT during the period from June, 1986 to August, 1987. For autologous BMT cases, bone marrow cells were harvested and cryopreserved at -196 degrees C in liquid nitrogen tank and colony forming assays were examined to ascertain the colony forming ability of harvested bone marrow stem cells. Recovery of colony forming ability after cryopreservation in colony forming unit in culture and burst forming unit in erythrocyte is about 63 to 73% and well preserved. Among 6 cases undergone BMT, five cases are patients with advanced solid tumors including breast cancer, seminoma, lung cancer, malignant lymphoma and brain tumor and these 5 cases have undergone autologous BMT. Conditioning regimen for each cancer in autologous BMT differs based upon conventional chemotherapy regimen and two to four fold dose of conventionally used chemotherapy regimen were administered and after two or three days of high dose chemotherapy, cryopreserved bone marrow cells were thawed and infused. Peripheral white blood cells and platelets were recovered to more than 1000/microliters and 5 x 10(4)/microliters, respectively, within 21 days after bone marrow cell infusion. Disappearance or decrease in tumor size was observed in all cases except brain tumor even though those cases were advanced ones. After autologous BMT, recurrence occurred within three to five months in three cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies on patients who have undergone autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]. 306 93

Lung cancer in man is a common disease. There is some recent concern that oxidant air pollutants might be a contributing risk factor. Experimental data show that ozone and NO2 increase incidence and multiplicity of lung tumors in strain A mice; however, the data are not always statistically significant. Also it depends on experimental design whether ozone enhances or inhibits the development of lung tumors in mice. Similarly, ozone and nitrogen dioxide enhance lung colonization by cancer cells injected intravenously following exposure to the air pollutants, whereas NO2 kills lung metastases if cells are injected prior to exposure. Both ozone and NO2 modulate the proliferation of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, the precursor cells for small cell lung cancer. It is concluded that there is little evidence to implicate ozone or NO2 directly as pulmonary carcinogens, but that they might modify and influence the carcinogenic process in the lung.
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PMID:Ozone, nitrogen dioxide and lung cancer: a review of some recent issues and problems. 327 33

The S-12 fractions of lung peripheral parenchyma obtained from 80 male individuals, aged 17-71 years, were assayed as blind samples for the ability either to convert promutagens into bacterial mutagens or to decrease the potency of direct-acting mutagens in the Ames reversion test. In this system, lung preparations were completely ineffective in activating an N-nitroso compound (i.e., N-nitrosomorpholine) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [i.e., 3-methylcholanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene] or their metabolites [i.e., 3-hydroxy-benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene-trans-7,8-diol]. They yielded a borderline and sporadic activation of a cigarette smoke condensate, and a weak but frequent activation of an aromatic amine (i.e., 2-aminofluorene), of a heterocyclic amine (i.e., 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] and of a diamide (i.e., cyclophosphamide). The pulmonary metabolism was more oriented in the sense of detoxification, as shown by the consistent decrease of potency of direct-acting mutagens, including a metal (i.e., sodium dichromate), an acridine and nitrogen mustard derivative (i.e., 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-[3-(2-chloromethyl)aminopropylamino]acridine or ICR 191), an epoxide (i.e., epichlorohydrin) and an N-oxide (i.e., 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide). As assessed by means of a numerical score quantifying the variation of mutagenicity, a marked interindividual variability (up to 20-fold) was detected in the ability of lung specimens to affect the mutagenicity of test compounds. Such variability was not significantly related to the protein concentration of S-12 fractions, nor to the age of the patients under scrutiny, who during hospitalization were on normal institutional diets and did not receive any special drug treatment. The only significant difference between 20 noncancer and 60 lung cancer patients, irrespective of the histological type, was a decreased activation of cyclophosphamide in the latter group. Probably due to the high prevalence of smokers among lung cancer patients, a significantly decreased activation of cyclophosphamide was also observed in the group of smokers. Smoking habits were associated with a stimulation of detoxifying mechanisms which, in agreement with the results of a previous study with human alveolar macrophages (F. L. Petrilli et al., J. Clin. Invest., 77:1917-1924, 1986), was significant in the case of sodium dichromate. Such effect was further enhanced by considering only individuals smoking during the last 24 h before collecting lung specimens, and under these conditions it became significant also for ICR 191.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pulmonary metabolism of mutagens and its relationship with lung cancer and smoking habits. 362 Nov 72

The analysis of welding fumes has shown that toxic gases are present that are irritating to the respiratory system; these gases include nitrogen dioxide and ozone, as well as the oxides of cobalt and chromium. The acute and long-term effects of exposure are assessed in the context of a welding and metal plant in Nigeria. Evidence of long-term respiratory impairment and potential lung cancer was found.
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PMID:Some acute and long-term effects of exposure in welding and thermal-cutting operations in Nigeria. 367 56


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