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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several studies of workers exposed to various forms of chromium compounds have suggested an increased incidence of respiratory cancers. Lead and zinc chromates were among the chromium compounds implicated. The Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health of the New Jersey Medical School undertook a detailed mortality study of a pigment plant in Newark which utilized both of these compounds. We compared observed deaths from each cause among 1296 white and 650 non-white males who were employed at the plant between January 1, 1940 and December 31, 1969, with expected deaths, as computed from cause-, age-, and time-specific standard death rates for the United States. A statistically significant relative risk of 1.6 for lung cancer among white male employees was found, as well as among the cohorts of white males employed 10 yr or more. A relative risk of 1.9 was noted for individuals employed at least 2 yr who were at least moderately exposed to chromates. An increased incidence of lung cancer among non-white males and stomach and pancreatic cancer among the total cohort was also evident. These data support the validity of the association between chromate pigment exposure and lung cancer, suggesting that pigment workers and other exposed to chromates be observed carefully in regard to possible risk or pancreatic and stomach cancers.
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PMID:Cancer mortality in a pigment plant utilizing lead and zinc chromates. 705 30

Low serum zinc levels and high urinary zinc excretion were found in 25 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Twenty of them underwent successful removal of the tumor by lobectomy or pneumonectomy; in the other 5 patients surgical exploration revealed unresectable pulmonary lesions. The latter had significantly lower serum zinc and higher urinary zinc levels than the patients in whom surgical removal of the tumor could be performed. Tumor resection was followed by restoration of serum and urinary zinc to normal. In contrast, in the inoperable patients a further decrease in serum zinc and no significant change in urinary zinc excretion were noted 15 days after thoracic exploration. In both patient groups a significant negative correlation existed between preoperatively obtained values of serum and urinary zinc. Hypozincemia in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma may result from an increase in urinary zinc losses, probably related to a decrease in zinc binding to plasma proteins. Determination of serum and urinary zinc may be useful in evaluating the prognosis of primary lung cancer.
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PMID:Serum zinc levels and urinary zinc excretion in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Effects of tumor resection. 711 78

Analysis of cancer mortality in whites has revealed a significant excess in both males and females in an old lead/zinc mining and smelting area. This area consists of three rural contiguous counties: Cherokee County, Kansas, Jasper County, Missouri, and Ottawa County, Oklahoma. The lung cancer excess has persisted for at least 28 years for males and 5 years for females. A pilot case/control study is underway in Cherokee County to assess the influence of cigarette smoking, occupation, and residence on the lung cancer excess. Analysis will incorporate the histologic findings. From an environmental perspective, there are numerous mine tailings containing lead, zinc, cadmium, sulfur, germanium, and other chemicals. Considerable dust is airborne. Numerous openings (sink holes and bore holes) connect the old mines with the surface. Radium 226 has been detected in the untreated groundwater.
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PMID:Lung cancer excess in an abandoned lead-zinc mining and smelting area. 715 73

Mortality of uranium miners from both lung cancer and other respiratory diseases is strongly dependent on exposure to radon daughters, cigarette smoking and height. Lung cancer among 15 different mining groups (uranium, iron, lead, zinc) was analyzed to determine what factors influence incidence and the induction-latent period. At low exposure or exposure rates, alpha radiation is more efficient in inducing lung cancer, producing an upward convex exposure-response curve. The induction-latent period is shortened by increased age at start of mining, by cigarette smoking and by high exposure rates. For a follow-up period of 20 to 25 years, the incidence increases with age at start of mining, with magnitude of exposure and with amount of cigarette smoking. Instead of extrapolating downward from high exposures to estimate risk at low levels, it is suggested that it might be more appropriate to use cancer rates associated with background radiation as the lowest point on the exposure-response curve. Although health risks are much greater in uranium mines than mills, there is some health risk in the mills from long-lived radioactive materials.
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PMID:Health concerns in uranium mining and milling. 725 12

A proportional mortality and case-referent analysis of 238 deaths among hourly employees in an automobile hardware manufacturing plant was conducted. The major operations of the plant were zinc die casting and electroplating. Chemical exposure included die-casting emissions and mists from chrome and nickel plating. The chief proportional mortality finding was a significant excess of lung cancer among both white men and women. A case-referent analysis indicated a possible association between lung cancer and work in certain departments. The findings support the hypothesis of a work-related carcinogenic risk. Follow-up recommendations have been made.
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PMID:Mortality among workers in a die-casting and electroplating plant. 733 Jun 27

Steelworkers are exposed to many pollutants, and they are at risk for developing lung cancer. We demonstrated previously that steelworkers may be subject to an occult exposure to amphiboles in the plant environment. In the current study, we further analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of steelworkers by measuring intramacrophagic trace-metal content and nonfibrous mineral particles, using the particle-induced x-ray emission method and electron microscopy, respectively. Forty-seven blast-furnace workers and 45 healthy white-collar workers volunteered for this study. Significantly increased levels of iron, titanium, zinc, and bromine were found in the steelworkers, and levels of lead, chromium, arsenic, and strontium tended to increase in the macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the steelworkers. Nonfibrous particles, including illite, kaolinite, talc, chlorite, amorphous silica, quartz, iron (compounds), and titanium hydroxide, were found in both groups, but the particle number per ml bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (particularly iron hydroxides and silicates) was more pronounced in blast-furnace workers. These elements and particles may act synergistically with other occupational carcinogens and cigarette smoke, the result of which may be an increased incidence of lung cancer in the ironsteel industry.
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PMID:Nonfibrous mineralogical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from blast-furnace workers. 767 32

A mortality cohort study (1951-1988) was conducted on 526 female workers in two lead and zinc mines in southwestern Sardinia (Italy), 310 of whom had been exposed to silica. Women exposed to silica showed a nonsignificant 38% increase in the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for nonmalignant respiratory diseases, which was highest and statistically significant among women at the mine with the highest exposure to silica (SMR = 217; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 104, 400; based on 10 observed and 4.6 expected deaths). Five deaths from lung cancer also occurred among those exposed to silica (SMR = 283; 95% CI = 91,660), but the excess was not related to the level or duration of exposure. No information was available concerning lifestyle risk factors in this cohort. However, smoking was quite rare among Sardinian women at the time cohort members worked, so it may be presumed that very few of them were smokers.
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PMID:Lung cancer mortality among female mine workers exposed to silica. 780 71

Serum zinc and copper were measured in 47 patients undergoing pulmonary operation. They were divided into two groups according to the extent of the operation. Group A consisted of 32 patients with lung cancer, in whom lobectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed through the postero-lateral thoracotomy. Group B consisted of 15 patients with benign pulmonary lesion or metastatic pulmonary tumor, in whom wedge resection was performed through the axillary thoracotomy. In Group A, the serum zinc concentration most decreased 6 hours after surgery. It returned to normal level in 5-7 days and to the preoperative level within 14 days. In Group B, the maximal fall in serum zinc was at 3 hours after operation. Restoration to normal level was at 2nd postoperative day and to the preoperative level was at 5th postoperative day. The differences in serum zinc between two groups were significant (p < 0.05) from just after operation to 4th postoperative day. The degree of maximal decrease in serum zinc in Group A was more than that in Group B. Blood loss, operation time and pulmonary function did not influenced the change of serum zinc concentration in our series. These results show that degree and duration of reduction in serum zinc depends on the surgical trauma. On the other hand, no significant difference in serum copper levels was observed between two groups. The influence of pre- and post-operative pneumonia on serum zinc concentrations were followed in 3 patients. Fall and rise in serum zinc levels coincided with manifestation of and recovery from pneumonia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of changes in serum zinc and copper concentrations around pulmonary operation]. 796 32

We examined serum copper (Cu), serum zinc (Zn), and the serum copper/zinc ratio (Cu/Zn) in 162 patients. All of them were seen to have an abnormal shadow in the chest X-ray films, that is, 109 patients with lung cancer (LC) and 53 patients with no lung cancer (NLC). The mean Cu and Cu/Zn in LC patients were significantly higher than those in NLC patients (p < 0.05). In LC patients, Cu and Cu/Zn were higher and Zn was lower in advanced tumors than early ones. There was a significantly clear relation between Cu or Cu/Zn and the tumor (T) stages. When the relative risk (RR) of LC was estimated, it was seen that the higher Cu and Cu/Zn became, the higher RR became. Furthermore, we showed the sensitivity of the receiver operator characteristic of the test (ROC) curve for Cu, Cu/Zn, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) to diagnose LC, as explained in a paragraph of methods. The determinations of Cu, Zn, and Cu/Zn are simple and inexpensive. They also appear to have a great diagnostic value in determining the local invasion of LC and as a screening test in the high-risk patients for LC.
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PMID:Efficiency of serum copper/zinc ratio for differential diagnosis of patients with and without lung cancer. 798 Oct 2

Serum samples were collected in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, from 1970 to 1972 for 208 persons who in 1973-1983 developed stomach cancer; for 77 who in 1973-1983 developed lung cancer; and for controls matched for age, sex, city, and season of blood collection. Average serum levels of selenium and zinc were slightly (< 5%) but not significantly lower among the cancer cases than among controls. Smoking-adjusted risks of lung cancer were elevated only among those in the lowest quartiles of serum selenium [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8] and zinc (OR = 1.3); the trends in risk of this cancer with decreasing serum levels were neither linear nor significant. Little or no excess risk of stomach cancer was observed among those with lowest levels of selenium (OR = 1.0) or zinc (OR = 1.2). These exploratory findings add to limited data available from other reports showing slightly increased risks of lung cancer associated with low blood levels of selenium, but suggest little association with either lung or stomach cancer across normal selenium or zinc ranges in this Japanese population.
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PMID:Prediagnostic serum selenium and zinc levels and subsequent risk of lung and stomach cancer in Japan. 800 Feb 96


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