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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several studies have shown an increased lung cancer mortality among Swedish metal and iron ore miners, as probably caused by exposure to radon and its daughters. An earlier study of zinc-lead miners has been updated. The results show a 16-fold increase in lung cancer mortality. Surprisingly, nonsmokers were more apt to develop lung cancer than smokers, but the induction-latency time was about nine years shorter on the average for the smokers. An explanation for these findings might be that smoking increases the thickness of the mucus layer and therefore protects the bronchial epithelium from alpha radiation, but it also promotes the development of cancer once induced by the radiation.
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PMID:Mining, lung cancer and smoking. 64 66

The per-capita intakes of zinc, cadmium, copper and of chromium were estimated from food consumption data in 28 countries and were found to correlate directly with the age-corrected mortalities from cancers of intestine, prostate, breast, leukemia, skin and of other organs, suggesting that the anticarcinogenic effect of selenium is counteracted by other trace elements. Similarly calculated dietary intakes of manganese are inversely correlated, particularly with the mortalities from cancer of pancreas, an organ normally known to contain high concentrations of this element. Arsenic intakes correlate inversely with the male lung cancer mortalities. A number of other direct and inverse associations were observed which suggest that trace elements in the human diet may hav both benign and adverse effects on tumor development. The zinc concentrations in whole blood collected from healthy donors in the U.S. correlate directly with regional mortalities from cancers of intestine, breast and of other sites. The origin of these associations is discussed primarily in terms of the seleium-antagonistic effect of zinc and of some of the other elements considered. Results of animal experiments and of other studies are cited which support hypotheses that link human cancer development to possible deficiencies or excesses in the dietary trace element intakes.
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PMID:Cancer mortality correlation studies--IV: associations with dietary intakes and blood levels of certain trace elements, notably Se-antagonists. 85 92

A study of patients in whom soft-palate pigmentation appeared to be associated with pulmonary disease has been reported. A significant number of these patients had diagnosed or suspected bronchogenic carcinoma. The possibility that this oral finding may be predictive of the presence of lung cancer, or of a high degree of probability of future development of lung cancer, indicates a need for additional investigation. At this point the evidence strongly suggests that when soft-palate pigmentation is seen in a patient with lung disease, cancer should be suspected until it is definitely ruled out. The paucity of patients in whom this sign is seen suggests the need for study by other investigators. ACTH levels should be evaluated, as should plasma zinc values, which have been demonstrated to decrease in lung cancer as well as other diseases. Following the patients prospectively certainly is indicated. In conjunction with the Department of Laboratory Medicine, limited initial additional investigations have been made of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels on three of the outpatients reported. These assays used the hemagglutination-inhibition technique and are limited to investigational use by the Food and Drug Administration. In this laboratory the normal CEA level is 5.2 +/- 1.6 ng./ml. Results in two patients with known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were 5.5 and 5.6 ng./ml. The third patient with soft-palate pigmentation and an undiagnosed pulmonary problem had a CEA level of 10.2 ng./ml. She also had clubbing of the fingers. The senior author would be particularly interested in establishing a registry of similar cases observed by others.
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PMID:Soft-palate pigmentation in lung disease, including cancer. 106 77

This article probed into the internal relations and significance between differentiation of syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and trace elements--copper and zinc in lung cancer patients. The serum copper and zinc of 95 patients with lung cancer and 82 healthy persons were measured. According to differentiation of syndrome of TCM types of 95 lung cancer patients were divided, and the relations with their levels of serum copper, zinc and the ratio of copper/zinc compared respectively. The authors found that there were some inner links among the differentiation syndromes and levels of serum copper, zinc and its ratio. The result showed that the level of Cu/Zn ratio could reflect increase and decrease of body resistance and pathogenic factors the level of Cu/Zn ratio was more significant than that of copper and zinc. The authors suggested that the ratio of Cu/Zn could be used as the criteria of differentiation of syndrome of TCM. It is clinically significant to combine the level of copper, zinc and its ratio with differentiation of syndrome of TCM to evaluate the severity and prognosis of the patients and to direct the treatment of them with TCM.
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PMID:[Probe into internal relation between classification of the differentiation-syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine and serum copper and zinc in lung cancer]. 132 41

A cohort of 54,128 men who worked in Ontario mines was observed for mortality between 1955 and 1986. Most of these men worked in nickel, gold, or uranium mines; a few worked in silver, iron, lead/zinc, or other ore mines. If mortality that occurred after a man had started to mine uranium was excluded, an excess of carcinoma of the lung was found among the 13,603 Ontario gold miners in the study (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 129, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 115-145) and in men who began to mine nickel before 1936 (SMR 141, 95% CI 105-184). The excess mortality from lung cancer in the gold miners was confined to men who began gold mining before 1946. No increase in the mortality from carcinoma of the lung was evident in men who began mining gold after the end of 1945, in men who began mining nickel after 1936, or in men who mined ores other than gold, nickel, and uranium. In the gold mines each year of employment before the end of 1945 was associated with a 6.5% increase in mortality from lung cancer 20 or more years after the miner began working the mines (95% CI 1.6-11.4%); each year of employment before the end of 1945 in mines in which the host rock contained 0.1% arsenic was associated with a 3.1% increase in lung cancer 20 years or more after exposure began (95% CI 1.1-5.1%); and each working level month of exposure to radon decay products was associated with a 1.2% increase in mortality from lung cancer five or more years after exposure began (95% CI 0.02-2.4%). A comparison of two models shows that the excess of lung cancer mortality in Ontario gold miners is associated with exposure to high dust concentrations before 1946, with exposure to arsenic before 1946, and with exposure to radon decay products. No association between the increased incidence of carcinoma of the lung in Ontario gold miners and exposure to mineral fibre could be detected. It is concluded that the excess of carcinoma of the lung in Ontario gold miners is probably due to exposure to arsenic and radon decay products.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the lung in Ontario gold miners: possible aetiological factors. 166 86

Lung cancer mortality was studied during 1965-1985 in Outokumpu township in North Karelia, where an old copper mine was located. Age-specific lung cancer death rates (1968-1985) were higher among the male population of Outokumpu than among the North Karelian male population of the same age excluding the Outokumpu district (p less than .01). Of all 106 persons who died from lung cancer during 1965-1985 in Outokumpu township, 47 were miners of the old mine, 39 of whom had worked there for at least three years and been heavily exposed to radon daughters and silica dust. The study cohort consisted of 597 miners first employed between 1954 and 1973 by a new copper mine and a zinc mine, and employed there for at least 3 years. The period of follow-up was 1954-1986. The number of person-years was 14,782. The total number of deaths was 102; the expected number was 72.8 based on the general male population and 97.8 based on the mortality of the male population of North Karelia. The excess mortality among miners was due mainly to ischemic heart disease (IHD); 44 were observed, the expected number was 22.1, based on the general male population, and the North Karelian expected number was 31.2 (p less than .05). Of the 44 miners who died from IHD, 20 were drillers or chargers exposed to nitroglycerin in dynamite charges, but also to several simultaneous stress factors including PAHs, noise, vibration, heavy work, accident risk, and working alone. Altogether 16 tumors were observed in the cohort. Ten of these were lung cancers, the expected number being 4.3. Miners who had died from lung cancer were 35-64 years old, and had entered mining work between 1954 and 1960. Five of the ten lung cancer cases came from the zinc mine (1.7 expected). Three of them were conductors of diesel-powered ore trains. The slight excess mortality from lung cancer could be explained by exposure to radon daughters and by the combined effect of silica dust and diesel exhaust gases in the zinc mine.
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PMID:Mortality among sulfide ore miners. 171 Dec 86

Human epidemiology studies demonstrate an inverse correlation between serum levels of vitamin A and the incidence of lung cancer. While such studies suggest that vitamin A may have a role in cancer prevention, the intent of this study was to investigate the use of vitamin A status parameters as markers for detection of occult lung cancer. In the first of two phases of this study, we established criteria for a prospective screening study. Serum levels of retinol-binding protein (RBP), zinc, retinol, and beta-carotene in lung cancer patients were compared to levels in controls. For the second phase, a prospective screening study, 100 ambulatory male cigarette smokers over the age of 45 were enrolled. Subjects were excluded if they had a known diagnosis of cancer, recent weight loss, or serum albumin less than 3.5 g/dl. Subjects with RBP less than 4.2 mg/dl and retinol less than 42 micrograms/dl were classified as high-risk; those remaining were classified as controls. A chest X-ray (CXR) was obtained on all 17 high-risk subjects and on 26 of the 83 controls. CXR was read and follow-up was performed by physicians without knowledge of this study. Lung cancer was detected in 24% (4/17) of the high-risk subset, and 4% (1/26) of the controls. These data suggest that retinol and RBP may be useful in lung cancer screening for selecting a high-risk population that warrants further examination.
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PMID:Retinol and retinol-binding protein in lung cancer screening. 175 43

The examined groups included 58 patients with cancer, 61 subjects with pulmonary tuberculosis and 50 healthy persons as controls. The content of trace elements in blood, bronchial lavage fluid from the most affected portions of the lungs, and in pathologic and healthy lung tissues was determined by a C-115 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The examination findings demonstrated that the content of blood serum ferric zinc and magnesium, and erythrocyte zinc, manganese, potassium and calcium was higher in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis than in those with lung cancer. At the same time the content of magnesium and calcium in bronchial lavage fluid was higher in persons with a malignant process than in those with pulmonary tuberculosis. As far as differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer is concerned, it is advisable to measure the levels of erythrocyte trace elements since the latter most precisely reflects their content in the lung pathologic tissue.
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PMID:[Chemical elements in the blood, bronchial lavage fluid and lung tissue of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer]. 175 86

Concentrations of nine metals (Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Cr) concentrations in lung tissues from 224 lung cancer cases were compared with those in other cases to achieve an understanding of their contribution to the development of lung cancer and the varieties after the development of cancer. Comparisons of metal concentrations in each cell type of lung cancer were also performed. All cases were collected from routine autopsies in Tokyo and Saitama, Japan. The copper concentration in tissue from lung cancers was significantly higher than that in other specimens, although calcium, magnesium, zinc and cobalt concentrations in lung cancers were significantly lower than those in other cases. There were no significant differences in the 99% intervals (excluding extremely high values for occupationally exposed cases) for chromium, nickel and lead concentrations between lung cancers and other cases, although these values were lower in lung cancers. However, in comparisons of men only, the chromium concentration, the degree of lung contamination and the severity of pulmonary emphysema in lung cancer cases were significantly higher than those in other specimens. Moreover, percentages of lung cancer in men at each degree of contamination and each severity of emphysema increased with increasing grades. Thus, this finding could be evidence that the exposure to contaminants other than chromium and nickel in the air had affected the development of lung cancer, except for occupationally exposed individuals. Therefore, almost all chromium and nickel in lung tissue might not deposit in carcinogenic forms such as hexavalent chromium or nickel subsulfide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Metal concentrations in lung tissue of subjects suffering from lung cancer. 191 70

The association between silicosis and lung cancer mortality was estimated in 9,912 (369 silicotics and 9,543 nonsilicotics) white male metal miners. These miners were examined by the U.S. Public Health Service during 1959-1961 and were followed through 1975. Miners were excluded from this study if they were employed in a mine during 1959-1961 that used diesel equipment underground. The ores that were mined consisted of copper, lead-zinc, iron, mercury, lead silver, gold and gold-silver, tungsten, and molybenum. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR, U.S. white male rates) for lung cancer was 1.73 (95% CI: .94-2.90) in silicotics and 1.18 (95% CI: .98-1.42) in nonsilicotics. Additionally, SMRs were higher in silicotics than in nonsilicotics, even in most subgroups stratified by cigarette smoking habit, type of ore mined, years of service in an underground job, radon exposure group, or year of hire. When lung cancer mortality between silicotics and nonsilicotics was compared, the age-adjusted rate ratio (95% CI) was 1.56 (.91-2.68), and the age- and smoking-adjusted rate ratio was 1.96 (.98-3.67). Corresponding figures for miners who were employed in mines with low levels of radon exposure were 1.90 (.98-3.67) and 2.59 (1.44-4.68), respectively. These findings indicate that lung cancer mortality risk was increased in silicotics, and this probably did not result from chance or bias. However, confounding from radon exposure could not be ruled out. The findings indicate that further follow-up of this cohort is needed.
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PMID:Silicosis and lung cancer in U.S. metal miners. 200 98


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