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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study focuses on mortality and cancer incidence among the male salaried employees at a copper smeltery in northern Sweden, where previously an increased lung cancer risk had been demonstrated among blue-collar workers, with all likelihood due to arsenic exposure. During the period 1928-1979 there has been 1,255 male salaried employees and 6,334 male blue-collar workers. Three cohorts were formed; those who had worked only as salaried employees, those who had worked only as blue-collar workers and those had worked in both job categories. The mortality among the entire group of salaried employees was comparatively lower than that of Sweden as a whole. The incidence of lung cancer was highest among those who had worked in both job categories, most of them former blue-collar workers. The trends in lung cancer incidence among the blue-collar workers along and among those who had had both types of jobs showed the same pattern, with a peak in the 1970s. The decrease in this trend started earlier among the salaried employees. When job category and employment cohort were analyzed together the highest risk was confirmed for those having been employed in both job categories.
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PMID:Cancer incidence among male salaried employees at a smeltery in northern Sweden. 846 72

Some environmental factors and diseases have been demonstrated to affect trace-element homeostasis. Ninety individuals were included in the present study (30 with bronchogenic carcinoma, 30 with some nonmalignant lung diseases, and 30 normal healthy controls). Serum copper, zinc, and iron levels were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results of this study revealed that serum copper was markedly elevated in benign lung diseases followed by bronchial carcinoma. Serum zinc was significantly reduced, whereas serum iron was not significantly decreased in both benign and malignant lung diseases compared to normal healthy controls. As to the sensitivity of the studied elements in lung disorders, neither serum copper nor serum iron can be used to detect benign or malignant diseases. Serum zinc and copper/zinc ratios showed reasonable values for prediction of pulmonary diseases but cannot be recommended as tumor markers in lung cancer.
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PMID:Serum copper, zinc, and iron in patients with malignant and benign pulmonary diseases. 874 8

Case-control methodology was used to assess lung cancer risk from exposure to arsenic in air, employing data from former workers in different units at the Chuquicamata copper mine and smelter complex. Thirty two workers from this complex were identified among the lung cancer deaths that occurred in the Northern region of Chile between 1987 and 1991. Each case was matched on age and sex, with controls that had a similar date of enrolment in the company. Available data on arsenic concentrations in air for six work sites were compiled from 1952 to 1991 and these were used to categorize the workplaces: Administrative area (1.6 micrograms/m3), Mine (2.3 micrograms/m3), Oxid Plant (3.1 micrograms/m3), Workshop and Services (9.8 micrograms/m3), Sulphur Plant (8.4 micrograms/m3) and Smelter (201.7 micrograms/m3). The results indicate an Odds Ratio of 5.7 (Fisher's p = 0.016) of dying from lung cancer among workers of the smelter compared with the rest of the workers.
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PMID:[Bronchopulmonary cancer in workers exposed to arsenic: a case control study]. 876 29

Historical exposure estimates of total dust and respirable silica were made in a recent nested case-referent study of lung cancer among mine and pottery workers in China. Exposure to total dust and respirable silica was assessed in 20 mines and 9 pottery factories. The average total dust concentration was 7.26 mg center dot m-3, with a range from 17.68 mg center dot m-3 in the 1950s to 3.85 mg center dot m-3 in the 1980s, while the average respirable silica dust was 1.22 mg center dot m-3, with a range from 3.89 mg center dot m-3 in the 1950s to 0.43 mg center dot m-3 in the 1980s. The highest respirable silica dust occurred in the underground mining operations (1.43 mg center dot m-3), particularly for manual drillers (9.03 mg center dot m-3). Among all facility types, tungsten mines had the highest respirable silica dust exposure (1.75 mg center dot m-3), while the lowest exposure occurred in copper-iron mines (0.32 mg center dot m-3).
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PMID:Historical total and respirable silica dust exposure levels in mines and pottery factories in China. 892 87

To investigate factors related to lung cancer mortality in six Arizona copper smelter towns, we identified 185 lung cancer cases and two matched controls per case from decedent residents during 1979-1990. Detailed information on lifetime residential, occupational, and smoking history was obtained by structured telephone interviews with knowledgeable informants. Interviews were completed for 82% of 183 eligible cases and 88% of the targeted number (366) of controls. Estimated historical environmental exposures to smelter emissions, based on atmospheric diffusion modeling of measured SO2 concentrations, were linked with residential histories to derive individual profiles of residential exposure. Occupational histories were characterized by potential exposure to smelter emissions, asbestos, and ionizing radiation. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare study factors in cases and controls with adjustment for potential confounding factors: gender, Hispanic ethnicity, and smoking. In overall and gender-specific analyses, no statistically significant associations were observed between lung cancer risk and any of the measures of residential exposure to smelter emissions considered (town of residence at time of death, highest level of exposure, and duration or cumulative exposure above background levels), or any of the estimated occupational exposures (definite or potential asbestos, potential ionizing radiation, definite or potential smelter). Among male residents of some, but not all, towns, there was some evidence of a positive association between lung cancer risk and reported copper smelter-related employment (reported as definite), with the highest risk observed for Miami, Arizona. This study provided little evidence of a positive association between lung cancer mortality and residential exposure to smelter emissions. Specific factors associated with the apparent heterogeneity in lung cancer risk across study towns cannot be identified in this community-based study.
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PMID:A case-control study of lung cancer mortality in six Gila Basin, Arizona smelter towns. 935 95

Selenium, zinc and copper were measured in plasma, hair and tissue of patients affected by either breast or lung cancer and their controls. A decrease in plasma Se and Zn in women affected by breast cancer was observed, whereas plasma Cu was increased in lung cancer. No significant modification was found in hair trace element levels adjusted for the main confounders, in particular for hair treatment which altered Se content. The examined elements were highly concentrated in cancerous vs normal tissue, but results changed according to the unit used to express results. The usefulness and significance of these biomarkers of trace element status are discussed in the light of the most recent literature data.
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PMID:Observations on the use of plasma, hair and tissue to evaluate trace element status in cancer. 944 63

To investigate factors related to lung cancer mortality in four Arizona copper-smelter towns, the authors identified 142 lung cancer cases and 2 matched controls per case from decedent residents during 1979-1990. The authors obtained detailed information on lifetime residential, occupational, and smoking histories via structured telephone interviews with knowledgeable informants. The authors linked estimated historical environmental exposures to smelter emissions (based on atmospheric diffusion modeling of measured sulfur dioxide concentrations) with residential histories to derive individual profiles of residential exposure. The results of this study provided little evidence of a positive association between lung cancer and residential exposure to smelter emissions. Conditional logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically significant positive association between lung cancer and reported employment in copper mines and/or smelters, although specific factors associated with the apparently increased risk among these workers could not be identified in this community-based study.
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PMID:A case-control study of lung cancer mortality in four rural Arizona smelter towns. 957 Mar 5

The hypothesis that low selenium may in some circumstances be a risk factor for lung cancer was investigated in a case-control study nested within a longitudinal study. Serum samples from 9,101 cancer-free individuals were collected and stored at -20 degrees C by the Finnish Mobile Clinic in 1968-1971 and 1973-1976. During follow-up until the end of 1991, 95 cases of lung cancer were diagnosed. Selenium concentrations were determined from the serum samples of the cases and 190 controls, individually matched for sex, age, and place of residence. Mean levels of serum selenium in cases and controls were 53.2 microg/liter and 57.8 microg/liter, respectively. The relative risk of lung cancer between the highest and lowest tertiles of serum selenium, adjusted for smoking, serum alpha-tocopherol, serum cholesterol, serum copper, serum orosomucoid, and body mass index (kg/m2), was 0.41 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17-0.94). The association was stronger at lower levels (<5.9 mg/liter) of alpha-tocopherol (relative risk=0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.85). The association was also pronounced among current smokers and at higher levels of serum orosomucoid and serum copper. The relative risk for smokers who were twice ranked in higher selenium tertiles, at an interval of 4-7 years, in comparison with smokers who remained in the lowest tertile was 0.16 (95% CI 0.04-0.74). In accordance with the hypothesis, the findings suggest that very low selenium status may contribute to the risk of lung cancer.
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PMID:Is low selenium status a risk factor for lung cancer? 982 69

Many small cell lung tumors are dependent in vitro and in vivo on autocrine growth loops. The prototypical small cell lung cancer autocrine growth factor, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), is one of many peptide hormones which require post-translational carboxy-terminal alpha-amidation for bioactivity. We have reported that neuroendocrine human lung tumor cell lines express the bifunctional enzyme PAM which catalyzes the biosynthesis of alpha-amidated peptides in a two-step process, and have recently shown that non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and tumors, generally considered to be non-endocrine in nature, also express PAM. We have also shown that two chemical classes of PAM inhibitors, substrate analogues and specific copper chelators, inhibit amidating enzyme activity in cell-free extracts. Here we demonstrate in vitro growth inhibition of lung cancer tumor cell lines by both these classes of PAM inhibitors using the MTT assay and the clonogenic assay. Growth inhibition in a small cell lung cancer cell line can be overcome by exogenous addition of synthetic alpha-amidated GRP. Similar growth-suppressive effects are seen in cell lines stably transfected with a vector expressing antisense PAM RNA. These data support the mechanism of inhibition for a new type of chemotherapeutic/intervention agent, directed at synthesis and activation of peptide growth factors, and support our postulate that alpha-amidated peptide hormones are a common component in lung tumor autocrine growth biology which can be inhibited by targeting the biochemical mechanisms necessary for growth factor synthesis.
Lung Cancer 1999 Mar
PMID:Autocrine growth loops dependent on peptidyl alpha-amidating enzyme as targets for novel tumor cell growth inhibitors. 1041 97

This study was carried out in order to assess the potential prognostic significance of serum copper (SCL) and zinc levels (SZL) and the copper/zinc ratio in 145 consecutive patients, seen for a new lung cancer during the last 2 yrs. SCL and SZL, along with 26 other clinical parameters (anthropometric, clinical and laboratory variables) were prospectively recorded in all the patients. Mean SCL and SZL were, respectively, 140.4 micrograms.dL-1 (134.7-146.1, 95% confidence interval (CI), and 71.4 micrograms.dL-1 (66.8-75.9, 95% CI). Patients, 28%, showed abnormally elevated SCLs, and 57% of patients had abnormally low SZLs. The mean Cu/Zn ratio was 2.28 (2.10-2.46, 95% CI). Univariate analyses of survival showed that patients with either an SCL > 138 micrograms.dL-1 or an ZSL < 66 micrograms.dL-1 survived significantly shorter times (p = 0.03, log rank test). Elevated Cu/Zn ratios (> 2.075) were associated with a median survival of 25.39 weeks, as compared to the 40.85 weeks of subjects with lower ratios (p = 0.01). A multivariate analysis of survival (Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis) selected, in decreasing order of significance, the following variables: 1) stage of disease; 2) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; 3) sex; 4) Cu/Zn ratio; 5) lymphocyte count; 6) histology; and 7) tissue polypeptide antigen levels. It is concluded that SCL, SZL and the Cu/Zn ratio are simple and inexpensive determinations, and do have some prognostic significance in lung cancer.
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PMID:Serum copper and zinc content in non-small cell lung cancer: abnormalities and clinical correlates. 1044 70


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